Effects Of Different Irrigation Regimes Research Articles

Effect of Different Irrigation Regimes on the Yield and Qualitative Characteristics of Different Cultivars of Soybean (Glycine max L.) in Jiroft

Background: Identification and development of new varieties are important elements of improving and sustaining soybean yield, especially in arid and semi-arid regions, including Iran. Methods: The study aims to investigate the effect of different levels of low irrigation on yield and qualitative characteristics of different soybean cultivars (Dezful 504, Sahar, Telar, Tekavar, Zan and Sari) under water stress (90%, 70% and 50% of the field capacity), under the climatic conditions of Jiroft during two years (2020 and 2021). This experiment was carried out as a split plot based on a randomized complete block design with 18 treatments and 3 replications at the farm of South Kerman Agricultural Research and Training Center and Natural Resources. Result: The highest qualitative characteristics and performance were in the cultivar 504 Dezful. Examining the results related to the interaction effect of irrigation ´ variety showed that the variety 504 Dezful under the conditions of 90% of the field capacity has the highest amount of grain yield (3748 kg/ha), oil yield (916.41 kg/ha) and protein yield (1351.53 kg/ha). Also, this cultivar was superior to cultivars in all levels of low irrigation. In general, and according to the obtained results, Dezful cultivar 504 was identified as the most resistant cultivar and Sari cultivar as the most sensitive cultivar to drought stress.

Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes, Nitrogen Levels and Storage Conditions on Volatiles of 'Gala' Apple.

With a characteristic flavour and aroma, "Maçã de Alcobaça" are apples produced in the western region of the mainland of Portugal. Given the known influence of pre-harvest cultural techniques and post-harvest conservation methods on fruit quality, this work evaluated the effect of cultural factors and conservation methods on the volatile profile of 'Gala' apples. Tests were carried out during four seasons (2018 to 2021) in two 'Gala' apple orchards (F and S) maintained with different irrigation rates and nitrogen fertilisation [normal irrigation and normal nitrogen (Control, NINN), normal irrigation and excess nitrogen (NIEN), excess irrigation and normal nitrogen (EINN), excess irrigation and excess nitrogen (EIEN)], and under three storage conditions [Controlled Atmosphere + 1-methylcyclopropene (CA+1-MCP), Dynamic Controlled Atmosphere (DCA) and DCA+1-MCP]. The intact fruit volatiles were isolated by headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analysed by Gas Chromatography with Flame Ionisation Detection and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry at harvest (T0) and after 8 months of storage (T8). HS-SPME volatiles from 'Gala' apples, obtained at T0 in control conditions, were characterised by trans,trans-α-farnesene dominance (36-69%), followed by hexyl acetate (5-23%) and hexyl hexanoate (3-9%). The four irrigation and nitrogen treatments did not evidence main changes in the apple volatile profile. Instead, storage conditions changed the ratio between compounds; previously undetected compounds attained high percentages and decreased the intensity of the dominant compounds in the control conditions. Although all storage conditions tested changed the volatile profile and emanation intensity, the effect was more accentuated in storage for 8 months with DCA+1-MCP.

The application of nanoparticles on the yield and nutritional quality of rice under different irrigation regimes

Abstract The amino acid profile in rice serves as an indicator of its nutritional worth, playing a significant role in evaluating its overall nutritional quality. However, there has been limited research on how nanoparticles (NPs) and various irrigation regimes affect the nutritional value and overall quality of rice. In the present study, the effects of different irrigation regimes and foliar spray of NPs on the yield, nutrient concentration, and amino acid profile of milled rice in two rice cultivars were evaluated. The results showed that the Shirodi cultivar had a higher yield and nutrients compared to the Hashemi cultivar. Reducing irrigation significantly lowered the grain yield, nutrient elements, and some amino acids (asparagine, glutamic acid, serine, alanine, histidine, and arginine) in milled rice while increasing other amino acids. However, NPs treatments, especially ZnONPs + SiO2NPs treatment, increased grain yield and amino acids in milled rice. Regarding mineral nutrients, SiO2NPs and ZnONPs + SiO2NPs treatments decreased mineral nutrients in milled rice, while ZnONPs treatment increased Ca, Fe, Mg, and N and decreased the content of other elements in milled rice. Therefore, our findings showed that SiO2NPs and ZnONPs are promising NPs that can improve the yield and nutritional quality of milled rice, especially in water-deficient conditions.

Determination of the Effect of Different Irrigation Regimes on Some Quality Properties of Cucumber

This study aimed to examine the effects of varying levels of deficit irrigation applied through partial root drying (PRD) and conventional deficit irrigation on some parameters of cucumber plant such as fresh and dried biomass, plant stem diameter, number of leaf, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight, water soluble dry matter (WSDM). Seven irrigation treatments (DI75, APRD75, FPRD75, DI50, APRD50, FPRD50) were examined together with the control treatment (FULL). The irrigation water of the treatments DI75, APRD75 and FPRD75 are 25% less than the FULL treatment. The irrigation water of the DI50, APRD50 and FPRD50 treatments is 50% less than the FULL treatment. DI75 and DI50 are traditional deficit irrigation applications in which both sides of the plant root zone are wetted. In APRD75 and APRD50 treatments, one half of the plant root zone is wetted and the other half is left dry and the wet/dry parts are switched in each irrigation application. In FPRD75 and FPRD50 treatments, one half of the plant root zone is wetted and the other half is left dry for a fixed period during the entire season. It has been revealed that 25% and 50% water deficit levels affect the amount of biomass as a result of the application of conventional deficit irrigation and partial root drying (PRD) techniques when compared to the FULL treatment. However, it has been found that the parameters such as plant stem diameter, fruit length, fruit diameter, fruit weight and WSDM are not affected. When the results obtained in the research are evaluated; it has been observed that water application techniques (DI, APRD, FPRD) have a significant effect on both plant development and yield when the same amount of water is given. As irrigation water constraint increases, the yield has been found to decrease. However, the decrease in the amount of irrigation water and the decrease in yield have not been the same. Research aiming to save irrigation water is increasingly important, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where water is scarce and expensive. In this regard, the fact that the decrease in yield remains smaller than the rate of decrease in irrigation water can be seen as an advantage of PRD treatments.

The Effect of Some Elements of Cultivation in Stubble on the Glycine max Performance

In the irrigation conditions of Azerbaijan, the cultivation of Glycine max in stubble fields after harvesting the barley crop along with spring sowing is also economically very important. Sowing in stubble fields makes it possible to obtain additional grain yield and fodder from a single area, and to use reclamation facilities efficiently. At this time, the soil is provided with organic matter for autumn planting, and at the same time salinization is prevented, soil erosion and weed control issues are fully resolved. Cultivation of stubble field crops in large farms increases the possibilities of more efficient use of labor force, irrigation networks, agricultural machinery and equipment. During the conducted research, different results were obtained regarding the effect of different irrigation regimes and fertilizer rates on soybean grain yield. The resulting productivity depended on the plant coverage factor, leaf surface area, changes in wet and dry biomass. The smallest indicator of the yield was 10.0 centners in the variant with soil moisture of 60% before irrigation, and the highest indicator was 25.8 cwt/ha in the variant of the fertilizer rate calculated when the soil moisture was 80%, which is the same as the yield obtained from the autumn sowing of barley of the previous year (39 cwt/ha) together, it is equal to the yield of 67.9 cwt/ha from 1 hectare of land in one year.

Effect of Different Irrigation Regimes on the Nutritional Quality of Surface and Subsurface Drip-Irrigated Amaranth Under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions

Effect of Different Irrigation Regimes on the Nutritional Quality of Surface and Subsurface Drip-Irrigated Amaranth Under Mediterranean Climatic Conditions

Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes and Genotypes on Yield Contributing Parameters of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Under Chhattisgarh, India

The field experiment was conducted at the Horticultural Research Farm, College of Agriculture, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India during Rabi 2018-19 in Split plot Design with four level of irrigation regimes and four potato genotypes. The irrigation treatments were allotted in the main plot while, potato genotypes allotted in the sub-plots. At 75 days after planting (DAP) and 90 days after planting (DAP), the various yield contributing parameters were affected significantly by the different irrigation regimes except the plant emergence and number of shoots/plant. The number of shoots/plant, number of total leaves/plant, fresh weight of tubers/plant (g), total number of tuber/plant and harvest index (%) were significantly affected by the different irrigation regimes and potato genotypes. The plant with irrigation at 25 mm cumulative pan evaporation (CPE) produced the maximum plant height, number of shoots/plant, number of total leaves/plant, number of tubers/plant, fresh weight/plant and harvest index at 75 DAP and 90 DAP, respectively. The potato genotype AICRP-P-38 gave the highest fresh weight of tuber/ plant, number of tubers/plant and harvest index at 75 DAP and 90 DAP, respectively. Bangladesh J. Bot. 52(1): 211-216, 2023 (March)

Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes and Nitrogen Fertilization on the Physicochemical and Bioactive Characteristics of onion (Allium cepa L.)

The availability of water and nitrogen in the soil affect the metabolism of onion bulbs. The synthesis of metabolites and bioactive compounds are the most affected, along with the quality of the onion bulbs However, it is necessary to know the effects of different water levels and nitrogen fertilization to optimize the quality of the onion. The objective of this research was to study the effects of the different conditions of hydric stress and nitrogen fertilization during the development of onion (Allium cepa L.) crop, regarding its physicochemical and bioactive properties. Onions were grown using four available irrigation regimes (25, 50, 75 and 100%) and four doses of nitrogen fertilization (100, 150, 200 and 250 kg N ha−1). Onion without any treatment was considered as a control. The treatments low in irrigation and nitrogen fertilization increased the pH level (5.7 to 5.9) and bulb coloration in bright white/yellowish tones. An increase was observed compared to control in titratable acidity (0.13%) just in the nitrogen content, ascorbic acid (46%) and antioxidant capacity with DPPH (12.3%) and ABTS (93.7%). A decrease was shown in soluble solids (14.6%), firmness (3.5 kg cm−2), dry matter (6.6%), total phenols (50%) and FRAP (33.2%) values. Pyruvic acid remained constant (1.5 µmol g−1 FW). The onion bulb extracts showed an erythroprotective effect with a hemolysis inhibition percentage higher than 95%. Finally, the onions had low pungency, and were soft and extra sweet. The treatments with 25% usable humidity and nitrogen fertilization of 150 and 250 kg ha−1, favored the physical, chemical and bioactive quality of the onion bulb.

Assessment of the Effect of Different Irrigation Regimes on Pod Yield, Water Requirement & Productivity and Economics of Groundnut Varieties under the Southern Telangana Zone, India

The research was conducted at the Regional Agricultural Research Station, Palem during yasangi (rabi) 2020-21 to assess the impact of irrigation regimes on yield, water productivity, and economics of groundnut varieties. The experiment was laid out in a split plot design and comprising of three irrigation levels viz., irrigation at IW/CPE ratios of 1.0 (I1), 0.8 (I2), and 0.6 (I3), as main treatments and four groundnut varieties viz., K-6, GJG-32, KDG-128 and K-9 as sub treatments and replicated thrice. The soil was sandy clay loam having PH 7.3, available N, P, and K of 195, 35.8, and 87.36 kg ha-1, respectively. The highest pod yield of 2278 kg ha-1 and lowest pod yield of 1842 kg ha-1 could be obtained at the IW/CPE of 1.0 and 0.6 respectively requiring 677.7 ha.mm/ha and 450.7 ha.mm/ha of irrigation water respectively. There was no significant difference in gross returns, net returns, and B: C ratios recorded with irrigation at 1.0 IW/CPE ratio (Rs 126989 ha-1, Rs 47607 ha-1, and 1.60, respectively) and 0.8 IW/CPE and significantly lower with 0.6 IW/CPE ratio (Rs.102673 ha-1, Rs. 28311 ha-1 and 1.38, respectively). It can be concluded that K-6 or K-9 varieties can be grown during yasangi (rabi) with IW/CPE ratio of 0.8 or IW/CPE ratio of 1.0 as per irrigation water availability for higher water productivity and net returns.

The interacting effects of irrigation, sowing date and nitrogen on water status, protein and yield in pea (Pisum sativum L.)

Management for agronomic practices might improves growth and grain yield in pea. The main objective of this experiment was to assess the interacting effects of different irrigation regimes, sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer treatments on pea traits. We evaluated three irrigation regimes (50, 75, and 100% of the plant irrigation requirement), two sowing dates (February and March), and nitrogen [application of nitroregn (N1) and without nitrogen as control (N0)] in 2019 and 2020 under field conditions. Chlorphyll content, leaf area index, leaf water potential, grain yield and water productivity were higher in the late sowing (March) than in early sowing (February) treatment. Percentage of vegetation cover in late sowing (60%) was significantly higher than in early sowing (52.7%) treatment. Grain yield in 75% water requirement treatment was not significantly different from yield in full irrigation treatment. Application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly reduced grain yield, grain protein and seeds per pod whilst increased chlorophyll content only. The 100% irrigation requirement treatment showed higher evaporation form the soil in N0 than in 50% and 75% irrigation treatments in late sown pea. Leaf evapotranspiration (ET) was lower in 50% water requirement irrigation regime than in the other irrigation treatments. Water use efficiency (WUE) which was higher in the late than early sowing treatment did not differ between 50% and full irrigation treatments in N0. In conclusion, the results of the current study suggested that application of nitrogen fertilizer did not benefit pea growth and that management of irrigation regime in late sowing might improve grain yield in pea and save irrigation water in regions with limited water availability.

Effects of different irrigation regimes on seed yield, oil content and fatty acid quality of the sunflower in Thrace region, Turkey

Effects of different irrigation regimes on seed yield, oil content and fatty acid quality of the sunflower in Thrace region, Turkey

Effect of Different Irrigation Regimes on the Early Development of Pot-Grown Black Locust Saplings

Black locust currently is considered to be the most important tree species of short-rotation forests in Hungary with the purpose of either woody biomass or industrial wood. Despite the general supposition on the drought tolerance of the species, water availability seems to be a more limiting factor to exploit the growing potential of highly productive new varieties than nutrient amendments. Preliminary measurements of the current study were made on the connection between the depth of the water-retaining soil layer and the growth of saplings on black locust plantations. A significant negative correlation was found between the depth of the water-retaining layer, the stem diameter and the height of the saplings. To investigate the phenomenon, a model experiment was launched with loamy sand soil in the pots. During six weeks, pots were watered every morning up to the weight referring to the 30, 40, 60 and 80% of field capacity (FC). Our results showed that 30% FC was only sufficient for the survival of the saplings, growth was only noticeable at plants with 40% FC or more. During the first 4 weeks, differences in growth and cumulative evapotranspiration between the 60% and 80% FC treatment were not considerable. However, in the last two weeks, saplings with the highest FC produced substantially higher biomass, resulting in a one-third higher final weight than those of FC 60%. Even with the limited soil capacity of the pots, water use of these saplings of 1 m height and 1 cm stem diameter exceeded 1.5 L per day. Our results confirmed that black locust is a water-intensive species with a high water use potential, which emphasizes the importance of irrigation on nurseries and the first years of plantations.

Effect of irrigation, planting position, and application of calcium silicate on garlic development in ‘Serra Gaúcha’ region, South Brazil

Garlic crop is widely distributed in the Serra Gaúcha region, South Brazil. However, there is little information relative to irrigation in garlic, and on the influence of bulbil planting position in the development of the crop. Silicon is being used in garlic as an auxiliary fertilizer, but it is necessary to study further its effects in the crop. This study aimed to verify the effect of different irrigation regimes based on the evapotranspiration and empirically, evaluate the development of the plants that germinated under different planting positions, and observe the physiology of the plants according to the different doses of calcium silicate applied to the soil. Experiments were carried out in the municipality of São Marcos, using a design of randomized blocks, with four repetitions in each treatment. Plant height, stalk height and diameter, germination percentage of the bulbils, and average bulb mass were evaluated. The observed results indicated that irrigation induced higher plant heights when it was carried out based on evapotranspiration; planting with the bulbils face up have had the smaller germination time and the highest average bulb mass; the application of silicon at the highest dose (800 kg·ha-1) increased the average bulb mass by approximately 18 %.

Evaluating the Irrigation Regimes and Fertigation Schedule of Red Gram (Co (Rg) - 7) under Drip Irrigation System

Red gram occupies a unique position in Indian agriculture by constituting the regular protein supplier to the average Indian diet. Field experiments were carried out to evaluate the effect of different irrigation regimes of drip irrigation on red gram under two different of methods sowing viz., dibbling and transplanting condition during Kharif seasons of 2013 and 2014 at AICRP on Irrigation Water management Research block, Department of Agronomy, Agricultural College and Research Institute, Madurai. The experimental soil is clay loam in texture with low N, medium P and K content. The treatments consistst of drip irrigation at three pan evaporation ratios (40, 60 and 80 per cent PE) under two different methods of planting (dibbling and transplanting) with surface irrigation with conventional sowing and transplanting (Totally two) as a control. The study was laid out in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with thrice replication. The Recommended Dose Fertilizer (RDF) followed was 25:50:25 kg’s NPK /ha and soil application of sulphur as basal @ 20 kg /ha was common to all the treatments. Fertigation was scheduled once in a week from 15 to 90 DAS. Seedlings were raised in protrays and Poly bag single: 6x4” (200 \(\mu\) ) planted at 28 days (Second crop). The lateral spacing was followed was 1.5 m. The results revealed that conventional sowing (dippling) under drip irrigation with 60 percent PE and fertigation of recommended dose of fertilizer recorded significantly higher growth, yield attributes and yield. This treatment was on par with transplanting of red gram under drip irrigation at same irrigation level recommended dose of fertilizer. However, higher net income and B: C ratio was registered in conventional sowing under drip irrigation due to cost involved in raising nursery and transplanting. The conventional sowing under drip irrigation recorded water saving of 21 per cent and transplanting under irrigation recorded water saving of 36 per cent. The highest water use efficiency was observed in drip irrigation at 40 per cent PE level.

Effect of different Irrigation Regimes and Fertigation on Biochemical Properties of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari

Effect of different Irrigation Regimes and Fertigation on Biochemical Properties of Mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv. Dashehari

Physiological reaction and chemical composition of Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn. essential oil under water deficit.

Stachys schtschegleevii Sosn. is an endemic medicinal plant belonging to the Lamiaceae family and mainly grown in North-western Iran. Drought stress is an important factor in reducing the yield of medicinal herbs. Water-stress tolerance involves subtle changes in cellular biochemistry. It appears to be the result of the accumulation of compatible solutes and of chemical compositions that can be rapidly induced by osmotic stress. For this purpose, the effect of different irrigation regimes (well-watered and irrigation after depletion of 40% and 70% of field capacity (FC)) were studied in S. schtschegleevii. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design in three replications. The results showed that water-deficit had negative effects on shoot dry matter, relative water content, and photosynthetic pigments of the exposed plants. The essential oil (EO) content under water-deficit had an increasing trend. Water-deficit significantly increased total phenol content, proline, H2O2, and malondialdehyde contents. Linalool, β-pinene oxide, α-campholenal and germacrene-D were the major compounds of essential oils (EOs) affected by water-deficit stress. Finally, although water deficiency reduces the shoot dry matter yield of the S. schtschegleevii, the accumulation of EO increased as a plant response to water-deficit stress.

Effects of different irrigation regimes on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of young pomegranate (Punica granatum ‘Wonderful’) trees

ISHS IX International Symposium on Irrigation of Horticultural Crops Effects of different irrigation regimes on vegetative growth, yield and fruit quality of young pomegranate (Punica granatum ‘Wonderful’) trees

Remote and Proximal Sensing Techniques for Site-Specific Irrigation Management in the Olive Orchard

The aim of this study was to evaluate the potential use of remote and proximal sensing techniques to identify homogeneous zones in a high density irrigated olive (Olea europaea L.) orchard subjected to three irrigation regimes (full irrigation, deficit irrigation and rainfed conditions). An unmanned aerial vehicle equipped with a multispectral camera was used to measure the canopy NDVI and two different proximal soil sensors to map soil spatial variability at high resolution. We identified two clusters of trees showing differences in fruit yield (17.259 and 14.003 kg per tree in Cluster 1 and 2, respectively) and annual TCSA increment (0.26 and 0.24 dm2, respectively). The higher tree productivity measured in Cluster 1 also resulted in a higher water use efficiency for fruit (WUEf of 0.90 g dry weight L−1 H2O) and oil (WUEo of 0.32 g oil L−1 H2O) compared to Cluster 2 (0.67 and 0.27 for WUEf and WUEo, respectively). Remote and proximal sensing technologies allowed to determine that: (i) the effect of different irrigation regimes on tree performance and WUE depended on the location within the orchard; (ii) tree vigour played a major role in determining the final fruit yield under optimal soil water availability, whereas soil features prevailed under rainfed conditions.

Water Productivity of Irrigated Tomatoes in Eastern Canada Based on AquaCrop Simulations

HighlightsMeasured field harvest index improved the performance of AquaCrop simulations.Optimal irrigated tomato yield can be achieved by maintaining available soil water depletion below 25%.Water productivity for tomatoes in humid regions can be suitably simulated using AquaCrop.Irrespective of the soil type, the water productivity was highest for fully irrigated fields compared to water limiting irrigated fields.Abstract. Methodologies to predict crop water requirements in arid and semi-arid regions are well known. Humid regions such as eastern Canada pose a challenge because irrigation is normally only required for short periods during the growing season to supplement rainfall. This study assessed the capability of the AquaCrop model to simulate the effects of different irrigation regimes on field-grown tomatoes (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in the humid region of eastern Canada. The experimental study was conducted at the Horticultural Research station of McGill University, Quebec, Canada. There were three irrigation treatments in 2017 and in 2019, that were based on the % depletion of available water content (AWC). The AquaCrop model was calibrated and verified with the 2017 and 2019 field data, respectively. The verified model was used to predict irrigation water requirements and fruit yield for the driest year (1993) and the average rainfall year (2001) of a 35-year historic weather dataset from 1986 to 2000, for three different soil types (silty clay, sandy loam, and heavy clay) under four irrigation regimes. Model performance was greatly improved when the seasonal harvest index (HI) measured from experimental data was used instead of the default model HI values. AquaCrop was suitable for estimating dry yield and total biomass with RMSE = 0.57 ton ha-1 and 0.89 ton ha-1, respectively, in the calibration phase, and RMSE = 0.28 ton ha-1 and 0.01 ton ha-1 for dry yield and total biomass, respectively, in the verification phase. These results indicate a very high accuracy of AquaCrop to estimate total above ground biomass and fruit yield in humid regions with seasonally adjusted HI values. The predictions showed that maintaining AWC depletion below 25% resulted in no significant decrease in crop yield and biomass, making it an optimum water management guideline for irrigated tomato production in Quebec. The findings of this study are useful to crop growers and water resource managers in eastern Canada, who seek better irrigation strategies to optimize productivity. Keywords: AquaCrop, Crop Modeling, Humid climate, Irrigation water requirement, Tomatoes, Yield.

Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes on Spatio-Temporal Variations of Soil Moisture and Cotton Growth in Non-Film Drip Irrigation Cotton Fields in Southern Xinjiang, China

Effects of Different Irrigation Regimes on Spatio-Temporal Variations of Soil Moisture and Cotton Growth in Non-Film Drip Irrigation Cotton Fields in Southern Xinjiang, China