Effect Of Different Growth Regulators Research Articles

Kahramanmaraş Sarımsağında (Allium sativum L.) Kitlesel Fide Elde Etmek Amacıyla In Vitro Gövde Diski Üretim Tekniğinin Kullanımında Bitki Büyüme Düzenleyicilerinin Etkileri

Anatolia is one of the important production areas of garlic. Garlic production is conducted by using the head or the cloves inside the heads, which are actually the consumed part of the garlic, as propagation material. However, due to the use of cloves, which are the most valuable part of the market, as reproduction material, the profit is reduced by about 10%. The study aims to provide an alternative propagation material to reduce the losses resulting from this practice in local Kahramanmaraş garlic production. For this purpose, generating plantlets directly from stem discs of the garlic cloves in vitro and the effects of different growth regulators have been studied. For this, the plant growth regulators added to MS media as BAP (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mg l-1), GA3 (0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg l-1), 2-IP (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg l-1); kinetin (1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 mg l-1) and TDZ (0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 mg l-1) were tested. In the study number of explants, number of infected explants, number of healthy explants, number of developed explants, healthy explant rate, developed explant rate, number of callused explants, callus growth rate, number of proliferated explants, proliferation rate, proliferation number, number of rooted explants, rooting rate and number of roots were investigated. However, shoot ratios, shoot numbers, and callus formation were the main focus. The highest rates of proliferation were found in 2-IP (53.8%, 45.5%, and 40.0% at 1.00, 0.75, and 1.25 mg l-1 dosages, respectively) and Kinetin (35.3% at 2.00 mg l-1). The maximum shoot number was reached with 2-IP at the dose of 1.00 mg l-1 as 1.9 shoot/explants. Kinetin at 3.00 mg l-1 and 2IP at 1.25 mg l-1 were the other successful applications with 1.8 shoots. This study indicated promising results to obtain plantlets directly from the clove’s stem discs and including them into seedling production for the mass production of garlic.

Effect of Growth Regulators on Plant Growth and Flower Yield in Marigold (Tagetes erecta)

A field experiment was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. During rabi season (2022-2023). The aim of this study was to determine the effect of different growth regulators on plant growth, flowering and flower yield of African marigold and to estimate the economics of different treatments. This experiment was laid out in Randomized block design (RBD) with 10 treatments and each treatment replicated thrice. The treatments consist of different combinations of plant growth regulators (Gibberellic acid, Salicylic acid and Sea weed extract). Treatment T3 (Gibberellic acid @150ppm) was statistically significant compared to other treatment combination, which recorded highest plant height (44.11 cm), no. of branches (43.53), stem diameter (1.61 cm), no. of leaves (118.93), plant spread (37.17 cm2), Bud length (0.93cm), days to 1st flowering (66.07 days), Size of flower (8.77cm), Number of flower per plant (34.10), Self-life (8.67 days), single flower wt. (18.28 g) in African marigold (Tagetes erecta). The economics estimation revealed that maximum benefit cost ratio was at 2.44.

EFFECT OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS ON ROOT INDUCTION OF LIGHT WEIGHT DATE PALM SUCKERS

The present investigation was carried out at Horticultural Research Institute, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad during 2017-2019 to evaluate the effect of different growth regulators on root induction of Date palm suckers. There were six treatments i.e., T0 (Control), T1 (Indol butyric Acid (IBA) @2000 ppm), T2 (IBA@4000 ppm), T3 (Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) @2000 ppm), T4 (NAA@3000), T5 (IBA@2000 ppm + NAA@2000 ppm). Growth regulators significantly affected the survival percentage, number of leaves, leaf length and number of roots plant-1. Results showed that IBA@4000 ppm gave maximum success percentage (76.3%), highest survival percentage after 90 days (43.8%), maximum number of leaves (4.5), highest leaf length (20.6cm) and highest number of roots plant-1 (24.8). In view of these results, it is concluded that IBA can be used @ 4000 ppm for better root induction of Date palm suckers.

Effects of Different Growth Regulators on the Rooting of Catalpa bignonioides Softwood Cuttings.

(1) Background: To further improve the rapid reproduction and large-scale application of Catalpa bignonioides. (2) Methods: With young softwood cuttings from a 3-year-old C. bignonioides mother plant used as materials, the effects of indole-3-acetic acid(IAA), indolebutyric acid(IBA) and rhizogenic powder-1(ABT-1) growth regulators at different concentrations on cutting indexes and the dynamic changes in endogenous hormone contents during the rooting of the C. bignonioides cuttings were studied. (3) Results: The rooting of C. bignonioides cuttings could be divided into five stages. There were three types of rooting of adventitious roots. IBA treatment resulted in a high rooting rate and beneficial root morphology. The morphological indexes of the cutting roots after treatment with 1000 mg·L−1 IBA had the best overall quality, which was significantly higher than that of the roots in the control (CK) group (p < 0.05). Although the average longest root length (20.51 cm) under ABT-1 was the longest, its overall average rooting rate was slightly lower than that under IBA. The rooting effect under IAA was generally lower than that under IBA and ABT-1. The endogenous hormone content of the cuttings was found to be closely related to rooting; the IAA and zeatin nucleoside (ZR) content was high, and the ratios of IAA/ABA and IAA/ZR were high. The contents of gibberellin3 (GA3) and abscisic acid (ABA) were low, which had a promoting effect on the rooting of the cuttings. (5) Conclusions: All three kinds of auxin can promote rooting and, of the three treatment groups, the rooting effect of cuttings in the IBA treatment group was the strongest, with 1000 mg·L−1 being the optimum concentration.

Effect of Different Growth Regulators on Plant Growth and Yield of Bottle Gourd (Lagenaria siceraria L.) cv. Arka Bahar

An experiment was conducted during 2021 to study the effect of different growth regulators on bottle gourd cv. Arka Bahar during kharif season with three growth regulators at different concentrations: Ethrel (100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm), NAA (150 ppm, 200ppm, 250ppm) and GA3 (50ppm, 100ppm, 150ppm).Water was used as control. The growth regulators were sprayed at two and four leaf stage. All the treatments were replicated three times in a randomized block design keeping the plot size 2m×2m. Plant growth regulators treatments rendered their significant effect on almost all the growth, flowering and yield of bottle gourd. The treatment T9 GA3 150 ppm was found maximum in increasing the vine length (9.01m) whereas T3 Ethrel 200 ppm was found most effective in terms of days to first appearance of male (40.89 days) and female flower (45.44 days), node number to first male (8.11) and female flower (10.11), number of male (16.33) and female flowers (11.33) per vine, fruit diameter (8.67 cm), fruit length (39.84 cm), fruit weight (1064.28 g), number of fruits per plant (10.11), fruit yield per plant (8.72 kg), fruit yield per hectare(29.01 t/ha) The significantly higher gross return (Rs 348120/ha), Net profit (Rs 269898/ha) and B: C ratio (4.45) was also recorded under ethrel 200 ppm (T3). Overall results revealed that application of ethrel 200 ppm proved to be better for different growth and yield traits in bottle gourd.

Effects of Different Growth Regulators on Agronomic Characters and Grain Yield of Maize Varieties

In order to screen the sweet corn varieties with strong cadmium tolerance and explore the differences in response to cadmium stress, 12 sweet corn varieties mainly selected in South China were used to study the effects of cadmium treatment. The seedling grew in sand culture until they initiated three leaves in total with two leaves expanded and treated with cadmium ion (Cd 2+ ) solution, and then phenotypic investigation of seedling height, main root length, total root number, fresh weight, dry weight, and SPAD value of the first leaf. The results showed that there were significant differences under cadmium tolerance to those sweet corn varieties with different genetic backgrounds, and most of the eight characters measured had significant correlations between cadmium tolerance indices. A comprehensive index obtained by principal component analysis can effectively evaluate the cadmium tolerance of different varieties of sweet corn, and its contribution rate is 73.42%. Cluster analysis was used to classify 12 sweet corn varieties into&nbsp;sensitive&nbsp;(one variety), intermediate (eight varieties) and tolerant (three varieties). Among them, three varieties including &lsquo;Zhongxiantian 102&rsquo;, &lsquo;Zhuyutian 1&rsquo; and &lsquo;Fotian 10&rsquo; had strong cadmium tolerance, which could be further screened for low-cadmium-accumulating varieties to be used in agricultural production. At the same time, by comparing and analyzing the phenotypic variation between two varieties with different response to cadmium stress, it was found that cadmium stress would break the stability of chlorophyll in the leaves of sensitive sweet corn seedlings, affecting photosynthesis, and then reducing the accumulation of biomass and inhibiting growth and development. This study provides reference for further analysis of cadmium-resistant response mechanism of sweet corn.

Response of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) to different plant growth regulators

The commercial importance of linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) has attracted Agronomist to increase its seed yield using various agronomical and breeding approaches. Plant growth regulators (PGRs) have a significant role in enhancing yield and its related traits in linseed. Hence, to find out effect of different growth regulators on growth, yield attributes, yield and economics of linseed, the present experiment was conducted under AICRP on Linseed, College of Agriculture, Nagpur. Growth regulator shows significant effect on growth, yield attributes and yield of linseed. Plant height and number of capsules per plant was observed highest and significantly superior after application of 400 ppm Gibberellic acid (GA) and application of 0.1 % Tebuconazole which was at par with T7 i.e. 1.0 ppm Auxin + 200 ppm GA and T5 i.e. 75 ppm salicylic acid. Number of branches and number of capsules per plant were also observed at par in the treatment T3 i.e. 200 ppm GA. The seed yield of linseed was recorded significantly higher in T4 i.e. 400 ppm GA which was at par with T7 i.e. 1.0 ppm Auxin + 200 ppm GA and treatment T3 i.e. 200 ppm GA and treatment T5 i.e. 75 ppm salicylic acid. The gross monetary return was found maximum in the treatment T4 i.e. 400 ppm GA, this might be due the maximum seed yield after application of 400 ppm GA, but net monetary return and B:C ratio resulted minimum due to the high market cost of GA (Rs. 9000/- for 400 ppm). Net monetary return and B:C ratio was found maximum in treatment T5 i.e. 75 ppm salicylic acid, this might be due to the low cost of Salicylic acid.

EFFECTS OF PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS AND DATES PLANTING ON SPRING MAIZE PRODUCTION UNDER AGRO-CLIMATIC CONDITIONS OF FAISALABAD, PAKISTAN

Maize is a widely grown cereal crop worldwide, butthe heat stress and delayed sowing of maize are major constraints that result in declining the maize productivity.Therefore, the current study was designed to investigate the growth promoting effect of different growth regulators i.e., salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, and humic acid at multiple sowing times in spring maize. Experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design having split-plot arrangement with three replications having plot size of 6m × 2.25m.The yield contributing agronomic parameters were recorded and analyzed statistically by using Fisher’s analysis of variance technique and treatment means were contrasted by Least significance difference having 5% probability test. Results revealed that early and delayed sowing of maize tended to decline the maize productivity and grain yield. Maximum yield and yield contributing traits were observed in S1 (recommended sowing, i.e., 20-02-2017). The plant growth regulators significantly influenced the productivity of maize and minimized heat stress. The interaction between sowing dates and plant growth regulators were also significant. Among plant growth regulators, the foliar application of methyl jasmonate resulted to produce maximum biological, grain yield, 1000-grain weight, and harvest index, which were 23.04, 36.12, 14.06 and 7.87%, respectively higher than the control.The study reported that delayed sowing of maize declined the production of maize due to the gradual rise of temperature in March and plant growth regulators had the potential to minimize the heat stress and productivity of maize.

Effect of different growth regulators on in vitro regeneration of cotyledon explants of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri Lush.) via callus induction

In order to establish in vitro protocols for raising aseptic cultures of cotyledon segments excised from five-week-old in vitro raised seedlings were used as explant material. Among surface sterilants, mercuric chloride 0.1% for three minutes provided least rate of contamination (24%) and the maximum explant survival (76%). The highest per cent culture establishment of 97.79% was obtained in cotyledon explants on Murashige and Skoog (MS) containing 2,4-D (3.0 mg/l) and maximum callus induction (95.41%) was observed on MS medium supplemented with 2,4-D (2.0 mg/l). Among different plant growth regulator treatments, maximum callus regeneration of 82.19% was observed on MS medium supplemented with BAP (3.0 mg/l) whereas, minimum callus regeneration (4.33%) was found in MS medium supplemented with BAP (3.0 mg/l) in combination with IAA (0.75 mg/l) and malt extract (500 mg/l). Maximum rooting response (96.00%) was recorded on MS (half strength) medium with NAA (2.0 mg/l) and was at par with rooting percentage of 92.00% on MS (half strength) medium supplemented with NAA (1.5 mg/l). The plantlets were successfully acclimatized in different potting mixtures and highest survival rate (91.35%) was achieved in potting mixture containing garden soil with sand and farmyard manure (1:1:1).

Effect of Growth Regulators on Rooting of Carnation (&lt;i&gt;Dianthus caryophyllus&lt;/i&gt;) Tissue Culture Seedlings

In order to understand the effects of different growth regulators and their concentrations on the rooting culture of carnation tissue culture seedlings, the optimal growth regulators and their concentrations were explored by adding different concentrations of IAA and IBA to the basic culture medium for tissue culture experiments and observing the rooting and growth of carnation tissue culture seedlings. The results showed that the sterilization effect of 10% sodium hypochlorite for 4 min was the best; the root length and number of roots in MS medium were significantly higher than that in 1/2 MS and 2 MS medium, and the roots were faster, the rooting rate was high, and the plant growth was good; IAA and IBA of 1.0 mg/L were all conducive to the root elongation, and significantly increased the number of roots, the rest of the concentration promoting effect was not significant, and the high concentration would inhibit the root growth. The growth of the plants treated with IBA was better, and the best was 1.0 mg/L IBA, which was most conducive to the rooting culture of carnation. The above results provide further theoretical basis for in vitro rapid propagation and industrial production of carnation cut flowers.

Effects of plant growth regulators on quality flower and seed production of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)

Effects of different growth regulators and their application time on production of quality flower and seed production of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) were investigated. Experimental factors include nine foliar applications of growth regulators viz., Control (no application), two doses each of GA3, salicylic acid, benzyl adenine, cycocel, and two application times viz., (i) application at 25 DAT, (ii) application at 50 DAT. Results suggest that foliar spray of 250 ppm gibberellic acid enhanced growth, and improved seed yield and quality parameters of marigold. Among the times of application tested, it was observed that application at 25 days after transplanting (DAT) gave superior values for all the flower and seed parameters under study.

To study the effect of different growth regulators at various concentration on fruit drop control in mango cv. Lagra

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the most important among the tropical fruits of India. It is the premier and choice fruit of India and undoubtedly is one of the best fruits of the world. Mango occupies a pre-eminent place amongst the fruit crops grown in India and is acknowledged as the king of the fruit of the country. The Langra, also known as Banarasi Langra, is a mango cultivar primarily grown in Banaras, Northern India, Bangladesh and Pakistan. This cultivar retains a greenish tinge while ripening. It is normally harvested during the last half of July. Around 2006, it was known to be gaining popularity on the international market. It is considered suitable for slicing and canning. Fruit drop is the serious problem of central and north India. There is a lot of problematic factor for fruit drop like low stigmatic receptivity, defective perfect flowers (having defective embryo sac development at anthesis), poor pollen transference, occurrence and extent of self-incompatibility, competition between developing fruitlets and drought or lack of irrigation and incidence of insect pest and diseases. NAA is a plant growth regulator. The effect of growth regulator i.e. naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on fruit drop, yield and quality in mango, cultivar 'Langra' was studied. Full grown mango plants were sprayed with 10, 20, 30 and 40 ppm NAA at different stages of fruit development. It shows the positive response to all yield attribute. 2,4-D is a also plant growth regulator and also applied in 5, 10, 15 and 20 ppm.3rd plant growth is taken GA3 with 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm. And the result shows that the NAA is most suitable for yield attribution.

Effect of Growth Regulators on Seed Germination of Morinda citrifolia L. (Noni) in North East India

The study investigates the effect of different growth regulators on seed germination of Morinda citrifolia (Noni) in North East India.

Effects on Pre-treatment and Different Tissue Culture Media for Androgenesis in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

Haploids and doubled haploids are very important tools which shorten the breeding periods and 100% homozygous lines. Especially in cross-pollinated species, it is known that it takes a long time to obtain homozygosity, and these breeding periods can be reduced by haploids considerably. In this study, appropriate bud stage and the effects of different growth regulators in Murashige and Skoog’s nutrient medium (MS) and pre-treatments on in vitro androgenesis were investigated in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni which is known as sweet herb. In the first year, callus, bar-shaped embryo, and embryogenic calli were obtained. Embryos were obtained from MS 2.0 mg l−1 α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) + 0.5 mg l−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) medium, MS 1.0 mg l−1 NAA + 0.5 mg l−1 BAP, and MS 0.5 mg l−1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) + 0.5 mg l−1 BAP callus ratios are 13.33%, 10%, and 3.33%, respectively. No differentiation was observed from the obtained callus and embryo. In the second year, high-temperature (+ 35 °C) and cold (+ 4 °C) pre-treatments were applied to the anthers, and no difference was observed between the applications. MS 2.0 mg l−1 NAA + 0.5 mg l−1 Kinetin high-temperature application was observed as the most successful medium with 37.5% embryo ratio obtained from two calli. This medium was followed by MS 2.0 mg l−1 NAA + 0.5 mg l−1 BAP and cold application (MS 1.0 mg l−1 NAA + 0.5 mg l−1 BAP) with 7.5% callus formation rates. Only cold application resulted in organogenesis through the callus, but the plants obtained were in diploid structure.

Effect of different growth regulators on propagation of Mussaenda (Mussaenda erythrophylla ‘Rosea’) in subtropical zone of West Bengal

An experiment was carried out to study the effect of different growth regulators on propagation of Mussaenda (Mussaenda erythrophylla ‘Rosea’) during rainy season in subtropical zone of West Bengal under naturally ventilated polyhouse. Significant differences among the treatments on root emergence and proliferation were noticed. All the growth regulators like IAA, IBA and NAA @1000, 2000, 3000 ppm significantly improved the rooting in cutting of Mussaenda over the control. Early rooting was observed in July month cuttings in all treatments than the June month cuttings. The highest percentage of rooting (80%) was observed in July month cuttings when treated with NAA @ 3000 ppm. The maximum number of roots (24.00/cutting) and root length (6.90 cm) was also recorded in the same treatment. Rooted cuttings were transferred to the earthen pots after 45 days of cutting, 98% cuttings survived and established, when cuttings were treated with NAA @ 3000 ppm in the month of July. But the most meaningful results for all the attributes were recorded with NAA @3000 ppm. This treatment was found most effective for rapid multiplication of Mussaenda through tip cuttings under subtropical zone of West Bengal.

Plant Growth Regulators Affect Germination and Main Carbon-Nitrogen Metabolites of Potato Tubers

Assessing the effects of different growth regulators on sprout growth and tuber carbon-nitrogen metabolism during the storage of potato tubers is helpful to understand the physiological changes of dormancy in potatoes. In this study, a major potato cultivar ‘Chuanyu-117’ of Southwestern China was used as the experimental material. The tubers were immersed in sprouting inhibitors chlorpropham (CIPC), abscisic acid (ABA), and gibberellin A3 (GA3) to study sprout growth and changes in the carbon-nitrogen metabolism during tuber storage. The results showed that GA3 treatment shortened the dormancy intensity and amplitude by 17 days and 11 days, respectively, and that the sprouts grew faster after germination. Compared to the control treatment, ABA prolonged dormancy and increased its intensity by 6 days but shortened the amplitude by 11 days. After dormancy, the sprouts grew rapidly and uniformly. The CIPC treatment had a more significant dormancy prolonging effect. The stems germinated 70 days post treatment, and the germination period was extended by at least 40 days compared with the control. Tubers treated with different growth regulators showed similar carbon-nitrogen metabolism during the storage period. However, the rate of variation was significantly different. After 12 weeks, the starch content of tubers treated with GA3, ABA, and CIPC decreased by 13.36%, 11.30%, and 5.93%, respectively, while soluble sugar content decreased by 48.3%, 58.9%, and 56.1%, respectively. Soluble protein and crude protein content in the treated tubers first increased and then decreased. Soluble protein content in the tubers treated with GA3, ABA, and CIPC increased during storage but decreased in the later period. Crude protein content also increased the first time, and then decreased in the later period. Changes in the carbon-nitrogen ratio of tubers in different treatments during storage were also different. The carbon-nitrogen ratio of tubers treated with sprouting promotors was high, while that of the tubers treated with sprouting inhibitors was low and showed a gradual decreasing trend.

Effects of different growth regulators on regeneration of Turkish upland rice

Rice is a staple crop grown in the world especially in the Asian region. The rice faces with different biotics and abiotic stress factors, especially drought stress. Turkish upland rice is one of the special rice types grown on drought stress condition, having a large potential value. Our aim was to analyse the effects of different concentrations of BAP+NAA and KIN+2,4-D combination on rice grown in vitro condition. For this purpose, mature seeds of Turkish upland rice were selected as starting material for direct/indirect regeneration response in serial treatment. The best medium for induction of shoot regeneration was MS1 supplemented with 1.5 mg L-1 BAP and 0.5 NAA mg L-1. The results showed that the maximum callus formation (65.54 %) was obtained on MS medium containing 2.4-D (2.0 mg L-1) within 21 days from nodes. With this study, we have developed a plant tissue culture for Turkish upland rice, suggesting positive methods for rice biotechnology.

Effects of hormonal and physical treatments on the expression of a putative chlorophyll b reductase gene (BoNYC1) during postharvest senescence of broccoli

Senescence and degreening are the most important features that determine loss of quality during postharvest of broccoli. During senescence, chlorophylls are degraded with the purpose of avoiding presence of photoactive molecules. Chlorophyll b must be previously converted to chlorophyll a in order to be catabolized. This reduction process is catalyzed by two enzymes, chlorophyll b reductase (CBR) and hydroxymethyl chlorophyll a reductase (HCAR). In this work, we characterized the expression of a gene encoding a putative CBR (BoNYC1) during postharvest senescence of broccoli and analysed the effect of several postharvest treatments. BoNYC1 expression increased during first days of postharvest, but decreased in advanced senescence stages, simultaneously with chlorophyll degradation. The effect of different growth regulators and an inhibitor of ethylene action (1-MCP) were analyzed. Treatments with cytokinins and 1-MCP delayed the increment of BoNYC1 expression whereas ethylene accelerated the process. In addition, storage in modified atmosphere, exposure to hot air (45 °C, 3 h), UV-C and white light were also employed. These treatments delayed chlorophyll degradation but only hot air and UV-C delayed the increment of BoNYC1 expression whereas modified atmosphere and visible light caused a higher BoNYC1 expression. In conclusion, most of the hormonal and physical treatments that modify the rate of postharvest senescence of broccoli also affect the expression of BoNYC1.

Effect of different growth regulators and wound treatment in increasing rooting of Myrtus Communis cuttings

Effect of different growth regulators and wound treatment in increasing rooting of Myrtus Communis cuttings

Effect of different growth regulators on propagation of Cape jasmine (Tabenaemontana coronaria var.Dwarf) in subtropical zone of West Bengal

Effect of different growth regulators on propagation of Cape jasmine (Tabenaemontana coronaria var.Dwarf) in subtropical zone of West Bengal