Effects Of Different Formulations Research Articles

Influence of nanocarrier additives on biomechanical response of a rat skin.

Skin health monitoring focuses on identifying diseases through the assessment of the mechanical properties of the skin. These properties may degrade with time, which can alter the skin's natural frequencies and the form of the modes associated with those frequencies. Exploring the skin's mechanical properties can enhance our understanding of its dynamics, improving clinical trials and diagnostics. In this work, the dynamics of the skin were measured using a laser-based non-invasive optical sensor experiment. We measured the skin's mechanical properties over time by analyzing its resonant frequencies and mode shapes. A nanocarrier gel and ketoconazole cream were topically applied to keep the skin hydrated and facilitate deeper penetration of the additives in the skin. Time-based research was used to assess the effect of different formulations on skin elasticity. Experimental results for the modulus of elasticity were compared with those obtained using Finite Element Analysis (FEA) simulations. We observed a reduction in frequencies of cream and gel-treated skin by 29.98% and 44.029% respectively compared to normal skin (frequency: 263.3 ± 1.18 Hz and Modulus of elasticity: 7.56 ± 2.60 MPa). A decrease in stiffness (function of frequency) attributed to increased water content, was observed in cream- and nanocarrier gel-treated skin compared to normal skin. Experimental and numerical results are found to be consistent with one another. This optical sensor-based approach has the potential for studying diseased skin mechanics and its response to gel and cream treatments, aiming to reduce skin disorder morbidity and severity.

The Toxic Effect of Different Formulations of Trichoderma Isolates on the Hatchability of Monacha cartusiana and Eobania vermiculata Eggs

The Toxic Effect of Different Formulations of Trichoderma Isolates on the Hatchability of Monacha cartusiana and Eobania vermiculata Eggs

The effectiveness of different formulations of glyphosate herbicides under simulated rainfall conditions in controlling various weeds

Herbicide effectiveness is affected by herbicide formulation, rainfall, and weed type. Differences in glyphosate salt formulations and 2,4 D amine mixtures may result in variations in the herbicide's ability to wash off the herbicide due to rain. The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different glyphosate herbicide formulations under varying rainfall in controlling various weeds. The experiment took place in a controlled greenhouse environment, utilizing a split plot experimental design with four replications. The main plot was assigned to six different rainfall timings: 0 hours after application (HAA), 1 HAA, 2 HAA, 3 HAA, 4 HAA, and no rainfall. The subplots involved different herbicide formulations, namely isopropylamine glyphosate (h1), potassium glyphosate (h2), sodium glyphosate (h3) and glyphosate herbicide, IPA herbicide glyphosate + 2,4 D Amine (h4) and without any herbicide application (h0). Various parameters were observed, including weed dry weight and percentage of mortality growth. The results showed that the effectiveness of each herbicide formulation was diffent among weed specie under simulated rainfall conditions. Ageratum conyzoides can be controlled using isopropylamine glyphosate and potassium glyphosate with rainfall at 1 HAA. Axonopus compressus can be controlled by isopropylamine glyphosate and sodium glyphosate with rainfall at 1 HAA, while Borreria alata and Cyperus rotundus were effectively controlled by isopropylamine glyphosate with rainfall at 1 HAA.

Effect of different formulations prepared with cereals and legumes on the growth of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938

Los efectos beneficiosos de los microorganismos probióticos cuando se ingieren en cantidad suficiente tienen una influencia positiva para la salud de los seres humanos y animales. Los probióticos, especialmente los Lactobacilos, pueden inhibir el crecimiento de patógenos y mejorar la inmunología y las funciones metabólicas del hospedador. Las cepas de Lactobacillus reuteri son habitantes comunes del intestino de los mamíferos y exhiben propiedades que promueven la salud. Por esta razón, el objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el efecto de diferentes formulaciones preparadas con cereales y leguminosas sobre el crecimiento de L. reuteri DSM 17938. Para esto, en el presente trabajo, sustratos solos o mezclas de cereales y leguminosas fueron fermentados con L. reuteri DSM 17938 para estudiar y comparar el efecto de la formulación de los medios sobre su crecimiento. Los medios se formularon utilizando dos harinas de cereales y dos de leguminosas: cebada, avena, quinchoncho y soja y mezclas de cereales y leguminosas (soja– avena, cebada–soja, quinchoncho–avena y quinchoncho–cebada). Se prepararon dos tratamientos un medio sólido (T1) y otro medio líquido (T2). Los resultados mostraron que hubo diferencias significativas (P<0,05) en el crecimiento de L. reuteri entre los medios de cereales y leguminosas y sus mezclas. No hubo diferencias significativas (P>0,05) entre los medios sólidos y líquido. El medio de cebada (8,87 log UFC·g-1) soportó significativamente mejor crecimiento en comparación con los medios de avena, soja y quinchoncho. La población de células de L. reuteri en los medios con mezclas de cereales y leguminosas varió de 9,01 a 7,32 log UFC·g-1. La combinación de soja y avena fue la más eficiente en mantener la viabilidad. Los valores de pH estuvieron entre 4 y 5.

FORMULASI DAN ANALISIS MUTU ES KRIM BEKATUL BERAS MERAH (Oryza sativa L) DAN JAMBU KRISTAL (Psidium guajava) SEBAGAI SUMBER MAKANAN TINGGI SERAT DAN VITAMIN C BAGI ANAK SEKOLAH DASAR

School-aged children are vulnerable to nutritional deficiencies of fiber and vitamin C because they consume less vegetables and fruit. One effort to prevent fiber and vitamin C deficiency is by making ice cream products that contain high levels of fiber and vitamin C where the additional ingredients are obtained from brown rice bran and crystal guava. The aim of this experimentation is to decide the impact of red rice bran and crystal guava formulations on the quality of ice cream products including organoleptic properties, fiber content and vitamin C levels. The research design used was experimental in nature using a one factor complete randomized design with 3 formulations of brown rice bran and guava crystals namely F1 (15%:85%), F2 (25%:75%) and F3 (35%:65%). The research method used the hedonic test to determine the organoleptic properties, enzymatic gravimetry for the fiber test and iodimetri titration for the vitamin C test. Formula F1 (15%:85%) was the best formula that met the adequacy of vitamin C and daily vitamin C for elementary school children of 20% fiber and 80% in 1 serving (80 g). The Kruskall Wallis test revealed that there was an effect of different formulations of red rice bran and crystal guava ice cream on the color, taste and overall taste of the ice cream (p<0.05). The production cost of F1 ice cream is IDR 3,000/80 g.

Toxicity and anti-diabetic effectiveness of polymeric nanoparticles containing natural compounds

Objective: To develop the nanoparticle formulations, characterization and evaluation of safety and in vivo anti diabetic potential by using experimental animal model.
 Methods: Different nano formulations such as Cur-nanoparticles, Pip-nanoparticles as well as Cur-Pip dual drug loaded nanoparticles were developed by nano co-precipitation method. The developed formulations were subjected for FT-IR analysis to determine the drug-drug and drug-polymer interaction. The Differential Scanning Colorimetric (DSC) study was carried out to observe the glass transition. Surface topography of nano formulations were carried out by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). X-ray diffraction study was carried out to determine the crystalline properties of different formulations. Particle size of the polymeric nanoparticles was evaluated by Zeta sizer of nanoseries. Toxicity of nanoformulation was evaluated as per OECD guideline-407. For evaluation of therapeutic effectiveness, in-vivo anti-diabetic potential of nano formulations, the Streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetes model was considered.
 Results: The developed formulations were spherical in shape and smooth surfaced. There were no interaction between the drugs and polymers. The result of toxicity study revealed that, there were no changes in behavior, food intake; hematology as well as biochemical parameters were observed that indicates the developed formulation is completely safe. The anti-diabetic effect of different formulations was screened against Streptozotocin induced diabetes in experimental animals. All the formulations were proved as effective in restoring blood glucose level however, Cu+Pi NP (184.15) group showed highest anti diabetic activity in comparison to control group (207.93)
 Conclusions: From this study, it was observed that, Curcumin-Piperine dual drug loaded nanoparticles exhibit better anti diabetic potential in comparison to control and Curcumin-NP treated group.
 Keywords: Nanoparticles, Streptozotocin, anti-diabetes, toxicity, hematology, biochemical

Antibacterial Test of Groundcherry Leaf Extract Liquid Soap Against Staphylococcus Aureus

Groundcherry is a medicinal plant with many benefits and properties. Groundcherry leaves contain flavonoid and alkaloid compounds, which can be used as antibacterials. Antibacterial is a substance that can kill or inhibit the growth of bacteria on the skin, such as Staphylococcus aureus, which can cause skin infections. Antibacterial preparations are generally very varied. One type of antibacterial preparation is liquid soap. This research aims to determine whether Groundcherry leaf extract liquid soap preparations can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and to determine the effect of different formulations of Groundcherry leaf extract liquid soap preparations on the ability to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Liquid soap formulations use extracts with concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20%. The method used in this research was disc diffusion using positive control, negative control and test samples (formulations I, II, III). The research results showed that the liquid soap preparation was able to inhibit bacterial growth. A clear zone in the area around the disc indicated this. Differences in the concentration of extracts in liquid soap preparations can affect bacterial growth. The diameter of the inhibition zone of the formula in the sequence is 10% concentration, the diameter of the inhibition zone is 7.97 mm, and the 15% concentration the diameter of the inhibition zone is 14.82 mm. The 20% concentration, the diameter of the inhibition zone is 17.6 mm, so it can be concluded that the leaf extract liquid soap preparation Groundcherry can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria.

Characterization and stability investigation of rhein encapsulated microcapsules using different enteric biopolymers with pullulan and Jiuzao glutelin conjugates via Maillard reaction

The poor water solubility and rhein (RH) stability limit its application in the functional food industry. In the present study, the RH-loaded water-in-oil-in-water nano emulsion and microcapsules were prepared using the conjugates of pullulan-Jiuzao glutelin (JG) (m/m, 2:1, PJC-2) obtained by Maillard reaction and enteric-soluble materials (polymethlacrylic acid, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate, cellulose acetate phthalate, and D-mannitol). The effects of different formulations on the microstructure, physicochemical properties, and storage stability of microcapsules were analyzed. The results showed that microcapsules exhibited stability against different external environments. The encapsulation efficiency of RH in the four enteric-soluble-PJC-2 double-deck microcapsules (70.03 ± 3.24%-91.08 ± 4.78%) was significantly improved than PJC-2 ones (61.84 ± 0.47%). The antioxidant activity and stability of RH in the microcapsules were improved (ABTS, 49.7%-113.93%; DPPH, 40.85%-101.82%; FRA, 62.32%-126.42%; and FCA, 70.58%-147.20%) after in vitro simulated digestion and extreme environmental conditions compared to free RH. This work provides a microcapsule based on PJC-2 with enteric-soluble materials for insoluble functional ingredients to improve solubility, stability, and bioactivity in the food industry.

Study of the Effects of Cailcedrat (Khaya senegalensis) on Late Blight, the Main Onion Disease (Allium cepa L.) in the Department of Diamare, Far North, Cameroon

Objective: Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a vegetable crop with an important economic asset for Cameroonian farmers. The objective of this study is to evaluate the effects of different formulations of K. senegalensis on late blight, the main onion disease in the department of Diamaré, (Far North, Cameroon).
 Methodology and Results: For this purpose, an experimental split-splot device consisting of three blocks (repeats), comprising three varieties (Chagari, Goudami and Blanc de galmi) of onion and eight treatments (TtN, Ttp, THK1, THK2, TEFK1, TEFK2, TEEK1 and TEEK2) was used in two study sites (Gayak and Wouro-Mayo) and during two agricultural seasons (2020 and 2021). After data collection and analysis, the results obtained show that the mean value of the highest incidence was obtained with Ttn treatment (34.44) in Gayak in 2020, and the lowest value was obtained with THK2 (0.00) in Wouro-Mayo. In 2021, the highest mean value was recorded in Gayak with TtN (32.03) and the lowest incidence is observed with TEEK2 (0.37) in Wouro-Mayo. Moreover, the highest severity was obtained with TtN (17.58) in Wouro-Mayo in 2020, and the lowest with THK2 (0.00) at the same site. In 2021, the lowest severity was observed with THK2 (0.18) in Gayak and the highest with TtN (14.90) in Gayak. The highest yields were recorded with THK2 (160.27 t/ha) at Wouro-Mayo in 2020 and THK2 (169.46 t/ha) in 2021 at the same study site. On the other hand, the lowest yields were obtained in Gayak with TtN (79.6 t/ha) in 2020 and in 2021 with TtN (92.26 t/ha) at the same site.
 Conclusion and Application of Findings: The oil and aqueous extracts of Khaya senegalensis bark could therefore constitute an alternative to synthetic pesticides in the context of integrated onion disease management.

Brain Targeting by Intranasal Drug Delivery: Effect of Different Formulations of the Biflavone "Cupressuflavone" from Juniperus sabina L. on the Motor Activity of Rats.

The polar fractions of the Juniperus species are rich in bioflavonoid contents. Phytochemical study of the polar fraction of Juniperus sabina aerial parts resulted in the isolation of cupressuflavone (CPF) as the major component in addition to another two bioflavonoids, amentoflavone and robustaflavone. Biflavonoids have various biological activities, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral, hypoglycemic, neuroprotective, and antipsychotic effects. Previous studies have shown that the metabolism and elimination of biflavonoids in rats are fast, and their oral bioavailability is very low. One of the methods to improve the bioavailability of drugs is to alter the route of administration. Recently, nose-to-brain drug delivery has emerged as a reliable method to bypass the blood-brain barrier and treat neurological disorders. To find the most effective CPF formulation for reaching the brain, three different CPF formulations (A, B and C) were prepared as self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). The formulations were administered via the intranasal (IN) route and their effect on the spontaneous motor activity in addition to motor coordination and balance of rats was observed using the activity cage and rotarod, respectively. Moreover, pharmacokinetic investigation was used to determine the blood concentrations of the best formulation after 12 h. of the IN dose. The results showed that formulations B and C, but not A, decreased the locomotor activity and balance of rats. Formula C at IN dose of 5 mg/kg expressed the strongest effect on the tested animals.

Toward Large-Scale Energy Harvesting by a UV-Curable Organic-Coating-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerator.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) stand out as an attractive form of technology for the efficient harvest of mechanical energy and the powering of wearable devices due to their light weight, simplicity, high power density, and efficient vibration energy scavenging capabilities. However, the requirement for micro/nanostructures and/or complex and expensive instruments hinders their cheap mass production, thus limiting their practical applications. By using a simple, cost-effective, fast spray-coating process, we develop high-performance UV-curable triboelectric coatings for large-scale energy harvesting. The effect of different formulations and coating compositions on the triboelectric output is investigated to design triboelectric coatings with high output performance. The TENG based on a hybrid coating exhibits high output performance of 54.5 μA current, 1228.9 V voltage, 163.6 nC transferred charge and 3.51 mW output power. Moreover, the hybrid coatings show good long-term output stability. All the results indicate that the designed triboelectric coatings show great potential for large-scale energy harvesting with the advantages of cost-effectiveness, fast fabrication, easy mass production and long-term stability.

The effectiveness of different formulations of insecticides against Moroccan locust

The effectiveness of different formulations of insecticides against Moroccan locust

Effect of Different Formulations of Bio Inoculants on Growth and Yield of Red gram

Effect of Different Formulations of Bio Inoculants on Growth and Yield of Red gram

The effect of different formulations with colloidal oatmeal on the epidermal barrier function and hydration

The effect of different formulations with colloidal oatmeal on the epidermal barrier function and hydration

An Insight into Enamel Resin Infiltrants with Experimental Compositions.

Resin infiltration is a conservative treatment of initial enamel carious lesions. Only one infiltrant material is available on the market (Icon, DMG), and research is now investigating new chemical compositions so as to further exploit the benefits of the resin infiltration technique. A literature search of the articles testing the effects of different formulations on mechanical properties, resin penetration ability, remineralizing, and antibacterial activities was conducted. Of 238 articles, 29 resulted in being eligible for the literature review. The formulations investigated were all different and consisted in the inclusion of hydrophobic monomers (i.e., BisEMA, UDMA), solvents (ethanol, HEMA), alternative etchants (PAM) or molecules with antibacterial or bioactivity features (i.e., AgNP, YbF3, MTZ, chitosan, DMAMM, HAp, MC-IL, NACP, PUA, CHX) and microfilled resins. Information on the long-term performances of the tested experimental materials were scarce. The combination of TEGDMA with hydrophobic monomers and the inclusion of a solvent alternative to ethanol reinforced mechanical properties of the materials. Hybrid-glass materials demonstrated an enhanced remineralization capacity. Techniques such as tunnelization increased the penetration depth and preserved the recourse to less-conservative treatments. Combining the min-invasive infiltrant approach with remineralizing and bacteriostatic properties would be beneficial for therapeutic and economical aspects, according to the principles of minimally invasive dentistry.

Indirect control of the ground-pearl Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1992) (Hemiptera: Coccomorpha: Margarodidae) using ants toxic baits

Linepithema micans (Forel, 1908) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) is the main ant species responsible for spreading the ground pearl, Eurhizococcus brasiliensis (Wille, 1992) (Hemiptera: Margarodidae). The effect of different formulations of hydramethylnon toxic baits (TB) was evaluated on the control of L. micans and E. brasiliensis. Four formulations of TB were evaluated in a greenhouse to control L. micans. Based on the greenhouse experiment results, the small pellet formulation of the TB was selected to be evaluated, through weekly applications, in two vineyards naturally infested by L. micans and E. brasiliensis. Later, in order to establish the number of applications, 1, 3, 6 and 10 applications in the season were evaluated. The bait treatments were compared with the number of ants and ground pearls counted on one area free of TB and one area with the drench application of thiamethoxam. Hydramethylnon (0.5%) TB in the small pellet (SP) and large pellet (LP) formulations were the most efficient in L. micans control. The SP TB, applied six times during the vine cycle, effectively control the number of L. micans, reducing 100% of the ant population, as well as the E. brasiliensis, reducing 99.9% of the scale population on plants.

High-moisture extrusion of yeast-pea protein: Effects of different formulations on the fibrous structure formation

The demand of meat analogues (MAs) is consistently increasing. The protein materials for MAs are primarily soy, pea, and wheat protein which can not completely meet the growing demand. Hence, this study is focused on the preparation of MAs with up to 50 % yeast protein (YP) instead of pea protein isolate (PPI). In the present study, 0 %, 10 %, 30 %, and 50 % YP powder in dry matter basis were combined with PPI; then the mixtures were used to prepare MAs with fibrous structures using high-moisture extrusion (55 % moisture). The involvement of YP significantly enhanced the hardness of MAs (P < 0.05). The optical and microstructural images illustrated that when YP ratio reached 30 %, obvious fibrous structures still were observed in MAs. Furthermore, MAs containing YP became whiter, which is conducive to reprocessing. With an increase in YP, the bound water content, sheet structures, and exposure of tryptophan residues in MAs increased, whereas the free water content, β-turn, and random coil structures decreased. Analysis of thermal and rheological behaviors indicated that YP lowered the denaturation temperature of MAs and the viscosity of protein dispersions, which was related to the formation of protein aggregates. Overall, YP can be used to prepare MAs and regulate the fibrous structure in MAs by acting on protein conformations.

Physicochemical, Morphological, and Functional Characterization of Edible Anthocyanin-Enriched Aloevera Coatings on Fresh Figs (Ficus carica L.).

In the present investigation, Aloe vera gel (AVG)-based edible coatings enriched with anthocyanin were prepared. We investigated the effect of different formulations of aloe-vera-based edible coatings, such as neat AVG (T1), AVG with glycerol (T2), Aloe vera with 0.2% anthocyanin + glycerol (T3), and AVG with 0.5% anthocyanin + glycerol (T4), on the postharvest quality of fig (Ficus carica L.) fruits under refrigerated conditions (4 °C) for up to 12 days of storage with 2-day examination intervals. The results of the present study revealed that the T4 treatment was the most effective for reducing the weight loss in fig fruits throughout the storage period (~4%), followed by T3, T2, and T1. The minimum weight loss after 12 days of storage (3.76%) was recorded for the T4 treatment, followed by T3 (4.34%), which was significantly higher than that of uncoated fruit (~11%). The best quality attributes, such as the total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acidity (TA), and pH, were also demonstrated by the T3 and T4 treatments. The T4 coating caused a marginal change of 0.16 in the fruit titratable acidity, compared to the change of 0.33 in the untreated fruit control after 12 days of storage at 4 °C. Similarly, the total soluble solids in the T4-coated fruits increased marginally (0.43 °Brix) compared to the uncoated control fruits (>2 °Brix) after 12 days of storage at 4 °C. The results revealed that the incorporation of anthocyanin content into AVG is a promising technology for the development of active edible coatings to extend the shelf life of fig fruits.

Use of Resource Modeling to Quantify the Organizational Impact of Subcutaneous Formulations for the Treatment of Oncologic Patients: The Case of Daratumumab in Multiple Myeloma

PurposeResource modeling aims to explicitly quantify the effects of adopting new health care technologies in settings with capacity-related constraints. The aim of this analysis was to use resource modeling to explore the effects of the uptake of first-line treatment with daratumumab on wait lists and wait times in patients with untreated multiple myeloma. Two formulations were compared: the standard IV formulation (DARA-IV) and a recently approved SC formulation (DARA-SC). MethodsFirst, semi-structured interviews at six oncologic centers were used to retrieve data on the management of patients given a DARA-IV regimen. Second, a discrete event simulation (DES) model was built to estimate the effects on resource consumption, wait lists, and wait times in scenarios with different incident numbers of patients treated with either DARA-IV or DARA-SC. FindingsIn all of the simulated scenarios with more incident patients initiated on first-line treatment with DARA-IV, the actual capacity of infusion chairs was not enough to meet the demand, leading to increases in wait times and wait lists. In the highest-demand scenario, 17 more infusion chairs per center would be required to avoid such increases. Treatment with DARA-SC would allow centers to meet the demand with their actual capacity. ImplicationsDES modeling can effectively be used to formally explore the effects of different formulations on the use of limited resources, wait lists, and wait times at the facility level. Based on the findings from this analysis, DARA-SC may free up resources and prevent short- and long-term costs to infusion centers.

Sound Insulation Performance of Furfuryl Alcohol-Modified Poplar Veneer Used in Functional Plywood.

Plywood has poor sound insulation due to its insufficient areal density, which cannot satisfy the demands of an indoor acoustic environment. This report proposed to use furfuryl alcohol to impregnate poplar veneer as a raw material for plywood and explored the sound insulation potential of furfuryl alcohol-modified poplar veneer. The effect of different formulations on the sound insulation performance of modified veneers was discussed, such as furfuryl alcohol concentrations, catalyst categories, and solvent categories. The weight percent gain (WPG) and areal density (AD) were used to evaluate the impregnation effectiveness of furfuryl alcohol modification. The sound insulation was measured by the impedance tube method. The results showed that the WPG of the furfuryl alcohol-modified veneers was evident, and the AD was effectively improved. Furthermore, the average sound insulation of furfuryl alcohol-modified poplar veneer was 25.68~40.10 dB, which increased by 10.8~19.1% compared with that of unmodified veneer. The modified veneer with 50% furfuryl alcohol concentration, taking isopropanol as a solvent, and maleic anhydride as a catalyst, had the optimal sound insulation performance. At the same time, the cell microstructure and chemical components were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) theory to explain the sound insulation mechanism further. The results showed that the distortion of cell walls was improved, suggesting a change in the mechanical properties of the cell wall. At the same time, more micropores formed since the filling of furfuryl alcohol resin, yielding a tortuous propagation pathway, so the sound insulation performance improved. Finally, it demonstrated the potential of furfuryl alcohol-modified poplar veneer as raw material to prepare plywood with excellent sound insulation.