Effect Of Different Fertilization Systems Research Articles

Dynamics of soluble soil organic matter in Mediterranean maize-based forage system under organic and mineral fertilization

In Nitrate Vulnerable Zones (NVZ), the impact of animal effluent management on soil fertility is essential. A three-year study was carried out in a NVZ (Arborea, Central-western Sardinia, Italy), aiming to analyze the effect of different fertilization systems on soluble and total soil organic matter (SOM) within a silage maize-hay crop cropping system on sandy soil (Oxyaquic Xeropsamment). Four types of fertilization systems were compared: (i) cattle manure; (ii) cattle slurry; (iii) mineral; (iv) slurry + mineral. The water-extractable C and N content (WEC and WEN) from the topsoil (0–20 cm layer, the Ap1 horizon), the dissolved carbon (DC) and the dissolved nitrogen (DN) of the soil solution collected by disk lysimeters placed along the soil profiles, and the C content at the beginning and at the end of the experiment were determined.The seasonal dynamics of WEC in the topsoil seemed mainly associated with the timing of the fertilizer distribution. In the topsoil, WEC was larger under slurry than under mineral treatment. The DC was rather low in the deeper soil layers and did not show any variation due to the fluctuations of fertilizer distribution that were seemingly influenced by the groundwater table. The fertilization systems influenced the soil C inputs and, in turn, the SOM content. Manure promoted a higher C stock in the deeper soil layers among the organic fertilizers. However, the hay crop added with manure and slurry showed lower crop residues and, thus, C input than that added with mineral fertilizer. This result suggests that the management of these organic fertilizers should carefully consider their impact on the overall productivity of the studied cropping system in Mediterranean NVZ to avoid a potential limitation for soil C accumulation in the long term.

Impacts of fertilizer application rates on phosphorus dynamics in salt-affected soil

As a new rebuilding agricultural soil on the North China plains, the salt-affected soil had a short soil-forming process of about 30 years. This paper describes the effect of different fertilization systems on phosphorus (P) dynamics in saline-alkali uncultivated land, in the reserved natural salt-vegetation back zone, and in different phases of fertilization for 24 years on the North China plains. The treatments included control (or check, CK), N<sub>1</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>, P<sub>1</sub>, P<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>1</sub>, N<sub>1</sub>P<sub>2</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>1</sub>, N<sub>2</sub>P<sub>2</sub>. The contents of total phosphorus (TP) showed a significantly decreasing trend from 1.32–1.38 gP/kg to 0.40–0.96 g P/kg. The contents of rapidly available P (RP) were low in the no-P fertilizer treatments and the RP concentrations increased with P fertilizer applications. Corn was the crop that used the most P, especially in the no-P and P fertilizer-only treatments. The treatment with 270 kg N/ha/year and 59 kg P/ha/year represents the most economical fertilizer rates for these salt-affected soils on the North China plains.

Comprehensive assessment of growing bioenergy crops as affected by various fertilization system

Purpose. To found out the features of mineral nutrition of plants and application of microbial formulations for growing switchgrass and miscanthus under the soil and climatic conditions of Polissia.Methods. Field.Results. The effect of different fertilization systems on productivity, energy and economic efficiency in growing miscanthus and switchgrass is shown. The largest biomass of miscanthus (12.3 t/ha) and switchgrass (9.6 t/ha) was obtained in the treatment with alternative sources of organic fertilizers (green manure + straw) and with partial replacement of mineral fertilizer by complex liquid fertilizer Oasis. Analysis of the economic efficiency of growing bioenergy crops showed that the profitability of miscanthus biomass production for three years amounted to 53 % when introducing manure 40.0 t/ha + N40P15K60 and 95 % when replacing manure by green manure and straw N20P15K55 + Oasis (N20).Conclusions. For energy crops, it is appropriate to use alternative sources of organic fertilizers (straw, 10 t/ha + green manure Lupinus angustifolius) and reduce fertilizer rates by applying liquid multimineral fertilizer Oasis. The maximum estimated yield of solid fuel and energy was obtained from biomass of switchgrass (10.6 t/ha and (169.6 GJ), and miscanthus (13.4 t/ha and 214.4 GJ) in the treatment with green manure + straw, 10 t/ha + N20R15K55 + Oasis, which is 17–21 %, respectively, greater than against the background (manure 40.0 t/ha + N40R15K60).

Fertilization System as a Factor of Transforming the Humus State of the Soil

Aim. To establish the effect of different fertilization systems in short fi eld crop rotation on the change in the state of humus in the dark gray podzolic soils in Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field studies were carried out in a stationary experiment of the Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry of the L’viv National Agrarian University; determination of humus content – according to DSTU 4289:2004, and that of its labile forms – in accordance with DSTU 4732:2007, fraction-group composition – by Ponomare- va-Plotnikova’s method, according to the measurement procedure 31-497058-008-2002. Results. The use of organo-mineral fertilizer system in short fi eld crop rotation with the saturation of organic fertilizers of 15 t/ha of crop rotation contributes to the humus content increase by 0.7 % after the third rotation in 0–40 cm layer of dark gray podzolic soil, the increase in the share of stable forms of humic compounds up to 57–59 % and the increase in the ratio of R HA :R FA to 1.3–1.4. The study demonstrated very high dependence of amount of gross energy reserves in the humus on the R HA :R FA ratio. Conclusions. The combined application of organic fertili- zers in the form of manure, non-market of the crop (straw) and siderate, along with mineral fertilizers is re- commended in short fi eld crop rotations of Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine toensure expanded reproduction of fertility of dark gray podzolic soil, improvement of its humus status, increase in gross energy reserves and the share of the stable forms and humic acids in the humus.

Effect of Different Fertilization Systems on Yield and Seed Mineral Elements of Pumpkin

ABSTRACT- To investigate the effects of bio-chemical and organic fertilizers on yield and seeds NPK contents of pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo var. styriaca), an experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of Kurdistan University in 2009 growing season. Treatments were included 1) control, 2) seeds inoculated with free-living N fixing bacteria (NFB), 3) seeds inoculated with phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB), 4) chemical fertilizer (C), 5) organic fertilizer (O) , 6) NFB + PSB, 7) NFB+ 50% O, 8) NFB+ 50% C, 9) PSB + 50% O, 10) PSB + 50% C, 11) 50% O + 50% C, 12) NFB+ PSB + 50% O, 13) NFB+ PSB + 50% C, 14) NFB+ PSB + 50% O + 50%. The highest value of nitrogen concentration was observed in the NFB+ 50% C and NFB+ PSB+ 50%C treatments. The highest potassium concentration was found in the NFB+ 50% C treatment. The maximum phosphorous concentration was observed in PSB+ 50%C. The maximum seed yield was obtained from the treatment that pumpkin seeds inoculated with free-living N (NFB) and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) + 50% organic fertilizer. The highest fruit yield was obtained from NFB+ PSB+ 50%C+ 50%O. It was concluded that application of biofertilizers in combination with 50% chemical and organic fertilizers, reduced the use of chemical fertilizers and produced higher seed and fruit yield.

Effect of different fertilization systems on productivity of Ornithopus sativus on sod-podzolic sandy soils of Bryansk region

Proposed in a sod-podzolic sandy soils effective system of fertilization of seradelly that will significantly increase the production of feed appropriate health and safety standards, as well as reduce the need for fertilizers of subsequent cultures.

Effect of Different Fertilizing Systems on Seed Yield and Phosphorus Uptake in Annual Medics under Dryland Farming Conditions

The effect of different fertilizing systems on the seed yield and phosphorus uptake in annual medic (Medicago scutellata cv. Robinson) was examined at two locations under dry farming conditions in Kermanshah province, Iran, in 2009. Experiments were conducted based on a randomized complete block design with three replications; the treatments consisted of control (no fertilizer), chemical fertilizer, biological fertilizer and different combinations of chemical and biological fertilizing systems. The results showed that application of different fertilizing systems had a highly significant effect on the number of pods per plant. The highest values were obtained in the treatment using the urea chemical fertilizer + phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria + mycorrhiza. The highest soil seed bank was recorded in the nitrogen-fixing bacteria + phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria treatment; it increased the number of seeds by approximately 50 percent compared to the control (only 134 pod containing seeds). The highest pod yield was obtained after applying nitrogen-fixing bacteria + mycorrhiza (445 kg/ha), the lowest yield in the control treatment (266 kg/ha). In general, under the conditions of this experiment, the seed yield of annual medic var. Robinson receiving nitrogen-fixing + phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria out-yielded other fertilizing treatments. This indicates a synergistic interaction between these groups of bacteria that increases seed yield, the soil seed bank as well as the seed phosphorus uptake of this plant species under dry farming conditions.

Effect of different fertilization systems on soil phosphorus fertility and crop yield

在潮棕壤上连续进行18年的定位试验, 研究了不同施肥制度对作物产量和土壤磷素肥力的影响。结果表明: 与对照处理相比, 施用磷肥有明显的增产和稳产作用。不施磷肥处理, 土壤磷素收支赤字, 土壤全磷和速效磷含量均明显下降, 且土壤磷收支的盈亏值与土壤速效磷的增减量呈显著直线相关; 施磷肥处理, 土壤磷素收支盈余, 18年间耕层土壤全磷含量均明显提高, 提高幅度为0.02~0.04 g·kg^-1, 土壤速效磷含量亦明显增加, 特别是在试验的后几年, 土壤速效磷含量似有加速上升的趋势。施氮肥对玉米有明显增产作用, 施磷钾肥对玉米增产作用不明显; 大豆则相反, 施氮肥增产作用不明显, 施磷钾肥有显著增产作用。

Effect of different fertilization systems on rice yield components and their stability

Rice yield components including productive tillers per hill, average yield per panicle and yield per hill under different fertilization systems were researched into in a long-term nutrient recycling experiment at the Changshu National Agroecological Experimental Station (31°33′ N, 123°38′ E). The indices for yield-related traits were collected in a single rice growing season and regression analysis used to determine the quantitative relationship between nutrient content in the rice plants at booting stage and the yield components and their stability. Results of the study show that nitrogen fertilizer favors productive tiller number increase, but dramatically inhibits per panicle average yield. Average productive tillers per hill under N treatment are 4.2, 0.9 and 0.7 higher than under CK, NP and NPK respectively. The application of nitrogen along with phosphorus eliminates the conflict between productive tillers and per panicle average yield and therefore boosts per hill yield of rice. Productive tillers and per hill yield of rice increase with the addition of pig manure, but per panicle average yield does not significantly change. Only the stability of per hill productive tillers is significantly affected by chemical fertilizer treatments. The other two yield components are not affected by chemical fertilizer or pig manure treatments. Average coefficient of variation of productive tillers under CK, N, NP and NPK are 19.5%, 17.9%, 18.3% and 22.9% respectively. Thus potassium fertilization increases productive tillers CV. There is a good fit of the linear regression model for yield-related trait indices and N and K contents of plants at booting stage. The average CV of productive tillers is directly related with K content of rice plant.