Effectiveness Of Different Approaches Research Articles

Hospitality Education and Industry Linkages: A Systematic Literature Network Analysis

The purpose of the study was to identify key themes, research gaps, and influential authors, as well as to examine the evolution of research and the quality and rigor of existing literature on hospitality education and its industry linkage. For this, a systematic literature network analysis, comprising a systematic literature review using the PRISMA framework, bibliometric analysis using R programming, network analysis, and thematic analysis was performed. The findings revealed that the most important clusters of research in this area are related to curriculum development, work-integrated learning, and industry partnerships. The review explored the importance of industry-academic collaboration, challenges, curriculum development, and employability as four main themes in the area of industrial linkage in hospitality education. As indicated by researchers, the review suggests the effectiveness of different approaches to industry-academia collaboration in hospitality education, the impact of industrial linkage on the quality of hospitality education in several regions, the role of technologies in enhancing the collaboration between academia and industry in hospitality education, and the development of a sustainable curriculum that incorporates environmental, social, and economic sustainability in hospitality education as future research areas.

DOES YOUR APPROACH MATTER?

There is controversy regarding the effect of different approaches on recovery after THR. Collecting detailed relevant data with satisfactory compliance is difficult. Our retrospective observational multi-center study aimed to find out if the data collected via a remote coaching app can be used to monitor the speed of recovery after THR using the anterolateral (ALA), posterior (PA) and the direct anterior approach (DAA).771 patients undergoing THR from 13 centers using the moveUP platform were identified. 239 had ALA, 345 DAA and 42 PA. There was no significant difference between the groups in the sex of patients or in preoperative HOOS Scores. There was however a significantly lower age in the DAA (64,1y) compared to ALA (66,9y), and a significantly lower Oxford Hip Score in the DAA (23,9) compared to PA(27,7). Step count measured by an activity tracker, pain killer and NSAID use was monitored via the app. We recorded when patients started driving following surgery, stopped using crutches, and their HOOS and Oxford hip scores at 6 weeks.Overall compliance with data request was 80%. Patients achieved their preoperative activity level after 25.8, 17,7 and 23.3 days, started driving a car after 33.6, 30.3 and 31.7 days, stopped painkillers after 27.5, 20.2 and 22.5 days, NSAID after 30.3, 25.7, and 24.7 days for ALA, DAA and PA respectively. Painkillers were stopped and preoperative activity levels were achieved significantly earlier favoring DAA over ALA. Similarly, crutches were abandoned significantly earlier (39.9, 29.7 and 24.4 days for ALA, DAA and PA respectively) favoring DAA and PA over ALA. HOOS scores and Oxford Hip scores improved significantly in all 3 groups at 6 weeks, without any statistically significant difference between groups in either Oxford Hip or HOOS subscores.No final conclusion can be drawn as to the superiority of either approach in this study but the remote coaching platform allowed the collection of detailed data which can be used to advise patients individually, manage expectations, improve outcomes and identify areas for further research.

How does training influence use and understanding of advanced vehicle technologies: a simulator evaluation of driver behavior and mental models

Advanced vehicle technologies such as Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) promise increased safety and convenience but are also sophisticated and complex. Their presence in vehicles affects how drivers interact with the technologies and how drivers must know about these technologies. To maximize safety benefits, drivers must use such systems appropriately. They must understand how these technologies work and how they may change drivers' traditional responsibilities. Training has been recognized as an effective tool for accelerating knowledge and skills in traditional driving. Consequently, training is gaining recognition as an important tool for improving drivers' knowledge, understanding, and appropriate use of vehicle technologies as well. This study evaluated the effects of different training methods on drivers' use and understanding of vehicle automation, specifically Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC). Licensed drivers with little to no experience with ADAS features were randomly assigned into groups based on three training conditions: two experimental groups, ‘User Manual’ and ‘Visualization’, and a control group with a ‘Sham’ training. Participants were surveyed on their understanding of Adaptive Cruise Control before and after training. They also drove an advanced driving simulator equipped with ACC. The simulated drive offered multiple opportunities for the drivers to interact with the ACC and included embedded cues for engaging with the system and embedded probes to measure driver awareness of the system state. The results found a significant overall increase in knowledge of ACC after training for the experimental groups. Drivers in the experimental training groups also had better real-time awareness of the system state than the control group. The results indicate that training is associated with improved knowledge about the systems. It also shows differential effects of different approaches to training, with text-based training showing greater improvement. These findings have important implications for the design and deployment of these systems, and for policies around driver licensing and education.

Operationalizing the reading-into-writing construct in analytic rating scales: Effects of different approaches on rating

Assessing integrated reading-into-writing task performances is known to be challenging, and analytic rating scales have been found to better facilitate the scoring of these performances than other common types of rating scales. However, little is known about how specific operationalizations of the reading-into-writing construct in analytic rating scales may affect rating quality, and by extension score inferences and uses. Using two different analytic rating scales as proxies for two approaches to reading-into-writing construct operationalization, this study investigated the extent to which these approaches affect rating reliability and consistency. Twenty raters rated a set of reading-into-writing performances twice, each time using a different analytic rating scale, and completed post-rating questionnaires. The findings resulting from our convergent explanatory mixed-method research design show that both analytic rating scales functioned well, further supporting the use of analytic rating scales for scoring reading-into-writing. Raters reported that either type of analytic rating scale prompted them to attend to the reading-related aspects of reading-into-writing, although rating these aspects remained more challenging than judging writing-related aspects. The two scales differed, however, in the extent to which they led raters to uniform interpretations of performance difficulty levels. This study has implications for reading-into-writing scale design and rater training.

The effect of student engagement strategies in online instruction for data management skills.

Evaluating the effectiveness of teaching methods for synchronous online instruction is integral to fostering student engagement and maximizing student learning, particularly in one-time workshops or seminars. Using the lens of social constructivism theory, this study investigated the effect of different approaches of synchronous online instruction on the development of graduate students' research data management (RDM) skills during the post-pandemic era. One experimental group received teacher-centered instruction primarily via lecture and the second experimental group received student-centered instruction with active learning activities. A one-way ANCOVA was used to compare the post-test RDM scores between one control group and the two experimental groups, while controlling for the impact of their pre-test RDM scores. Both experimental groups who received online RDM instruction scored higher than participants from the control group who received no instruction. Additionally, our results indicated that learners who were exposed to more engaged and collaborative instruction demonstrated higher learning outcomes than students who received teacher-centered instruction. These findings suggest that interactive teaching that actively engages the audience is essential for successful synchronous online learning. Simply transferring a lecture-based approach to online teaching will not result in optimal student engagement and learning. The interactive online instructional strategies used in this study (e.g., collective note-taking, Google Jamboard activities) can be applied to any instructional content to engage learners and enhance student learning.

Exploring the elements of effective public cycle parking: A literature review

In the field of cycle policy and planning, alongside ambitions to expand segregated cycle networks, there is a push across many countries for increasing the quality and quantity of cycle parking as a critical component of cycling infrastructure. In order to support these measures, planning guides have been developed to guide the expansion and improvement of cycle parking facilities. A common feature of these policies and guides for cycle parking interventions is an absence of dialogue with, or reference to, peer-reviewed research investigating cycle parking and the potential effectiveness of different approaches to cycle parking planning. The use of such research could help to create cycle parking that may be more effective in attracting and providing for people cycling. On this basis, we engage in a literature review of a select body of cycling research whose findings could contribute to more effective cycle parking planning practice. Drawing on our review, we propose a number of tentative ‘elements’ for effective public cycle parking planning practice: visibility, protection, accessibility, proximity, integration, and diversification. These elements could be used in conjunction with local knowledge and context-specific assessment measures to maximise the potential effectiveness of cycle parking planning in different regions, and can be situated as part of a wider struggle to acquire public space for cycling within car-dominant contexts.

Greenhouse gas footprint assessment of wood-based panel production in China

China is one of the largest manufacturers, consumers, and traders of wood-based panels (WBPs) globally. The Chinese manufacturing process for WBPs is significantly different from that used in other countries and the greenhouse gas (GHG) footprint assessment of this process has not yet received attention. And a comprehensive evaluation of the effect of different approaches to estimate the delayed emission of biogenic carbon on the GHG footprints of different WBP types is still missing. This study aims to quantify: i) the GHG footprint of WBPs produced in China, and ii) the influence of different methods to assess the delayed emission of biogenic carbon. Cradle-to-gate life cycle models are developed for plywood (PLY), fiberboard (FB), particleboard (PB) and oriented strand boards (OSB). Based on two common end-of-life (EoL) destinations (i.e., incineration and landfill), three approaches to the estimation of the delayed emissions of biogenic carbon in cradle-to-grave assessments are compared. The cradle-to-gate results show that the GHG footprints of PLY, FB, PB and OSB without considering biogenic carbon storage are 538 kg CO2 e/m³, 406 kg CO2 e/m³, 348 kg CO2 e/m³ and 552 kg CO2 e/m³, respectively. For the four types of WBPs, resources extraction stage provides the largest contribution to the GHG footprints (55%–81%), followed by the production process (18%–31%) and raw material transportation (1%–18%). The methodologies used to assess delayed emissions in cradle-to-grave WBP GHG footprint assessments play an important role, especially for incineration scenarios. Finally, emission reduction measures are proposed based on reducing the consumption of adhesives and of energy use in the production process.

Real-world treatment patterns and outcomes in patients with metastatic melanoma

Introduction/Objective. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of different approaches in the treatment of metastatic melanoma in daily clinical practice in a situation with limited and late availability of new drugs in a resource-limited country and to compare these parameters with those reported in clinical studies and from other real-world data. Methods. Main methods included assessment of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS). Patients were included in the study if they were treated with first or second-line systemic therapy for radiologically/ pathologically confirmed metastatic melanoma. Patients were divided into four groups based on the type of therapy they received: chemotherapy (dacarbazin), BRAF inhibitor (vemurafenib), BRAF/MEK inhibitors (vemurafenib/cobimetinib and trametinib/dabrafenib) and anti PD-1 therapy with pembrolizumab. Results. Regardless of the line of therapy, the calculated median OS in chemotherapy and vemurafenib group was nine months. The median OS in the BRAF/MEK inhibitor group was 14 months and 15 months in the pembrolizumab group. Median PFS in the chemotherapy group was four months, seven months for vemurafenib, in the BRAF/MEK inhibitor group nine months and in the pembrolizumab group six months. There was a statistically significant difference in survival between first and second-line therapy in the pembrolizumab group. Conclusion. Our results showed lower median OS and PFS in comparison to reported data from clinical trials. Compared to other real-world data from countries with similar problems related to the late reimbursement of new drugs, our research has shown similar results.

Is there a better interceptive treatment for unerupted palatally displaced canines? A network meta-analysis.

This systematic review aimed to investigate if there is a better interceptive treatment for palatally displaced canines (PDC) in the mixed dentition stage. The PubMed/MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Scopus, and EMBASE databases were searched for randomized clinical trials related to the research topic. The gray literature and reference lists were also assessed. Network meta-analysis was conducted to analyze the effects of different approaches on PDC eruption. The surface under the cumulative ranking area was calculated to rank the treatments. The certainty of the evidence was evaluated using the GRADE approach. Of the 892 eligible studies, 18 were selected for full-text analysis and 9 for meta-analysis, involving 506 participants and 730 PDC, to compare 9 approaches. The proportion of erupted PDC was significantly higher for all interceptive treatments compared with control (no intervention). Furthermore, the proportion of erupted PDC was higher in patients subjected to rapid maxillary expansion (RME) than those who underwent double extraction of primary canine and primary molar (relative risk (RR) = 2.68 ICr95%: 1.12-9.35). A higher proportion of erupted PDC was found for RME (RR = 3.07 ICr95%: 1.31-10.67), RME plus use of transpalatal arch (TA) plus extraction of primary canine(s) (EC) (RR = 1.43 ICr95%: 1.09-1.95), EC plus use of cervical pull headgear (RR = 1.38 ICr95%: 1.11-1.79), and EC plus use of TA (RR = 1.36 ICr95%: 1.00-1.9) than for EC. RME was most likely to be considered as the best interceptive treatment. Overall, the certainty of the evidence was considered low due to imprecision and indirectness. In conclusion, no intervention in the mixed dentition stage is the worst choice for PDC.

ЕФЕКТИВНІСТЬ ВИКОРИСТАННЯ ПРЯМИХ ЛЕКСИЧНИХ ЕКВІВАЛЕНТІВ ПРИ ПЕРЕКЛАДІ ІСТОРИЗМІВ

The article investigates the effectiveness of using direct lexical equivalents in translating historicisms. The peculiarities of translating historicisms are examined and the factors that influence the choice of lexical equivalents are identified. The problems that arise when using direct lexical equivalents, such as inappropriate associations and connotations due to cultural differences, are explored. Various methods of reproducing connotations and associative fields of English historicisms in Ukrainian, such as the use of synonyms and descriptive translation, are proposed. Based on the analysis of examples from English and Ukrainian literature, conclusions are drawn about the effectiveness of different approaches to reproducing historicisms. Personal contribution: analysis of literature and examples of translating historicisms, as well as formulated conclusions regarding the effectiveness of using different methods of translating historicisms.

Efficacy of Novafon Local Vibration Voice Therapy and Water Resistance Therapy: a meta-analysis

Treatment approaches for voice therapy are diverse and two treatment approaches in voice therapy with assistive devices will be evaluated and compared for efficacy. Evaluations of the treatment effects of different approaches are important for clinical consultation and evidence-based practice. To evaluate the efficacy of Novafon Local Vibration Voice Therapy (NLVVT) and Water Resistance Therapy (WRT) using Voice Handicap Index (VHI). Systematic literature search and meta-analysis with random effects model. The analysis of two databases (MEDLINE and CENTRAL) and a manual search from inception to September 19th 2021. Any clinical trial with case series in a pre-post design written in English or German that tested the efficacy of NLVVT or WRT using VHI (functional [F], physical [P], and emotional [E] aspects, and total score [T]) in adult voice patients with an organic or functional voice disorder was considered. Five eligible studies were identified (NLVVT n= 22; WRT n= 42). Both treatment approaches showed highly significant improvement in all aspects of the VHI (p-values< 0.01). In direct comparison, NLVVT achieved significantly higher improvements in VHI-T, VHI-F and VHI-E than WRT (p-values< 0.01). Comparable improvement was received in VHI-P (p= 0.28). NLVVT and WRT are effective treatments for voice disorders related to the subjective evaluation of a voice disorder. In direct comparison, NLVVT achieved higher improvements than WRT in most VHI aspects.

Modeling the Geospatial Evolution of COVID-19 using Spatio-temporal Convolutional Sequence-to-sequence Neural Networks

Europe was hit hard by the COVID-19 pandemic and Portugal was severely affected, having suffered three waves in the first twelve months. Approximately between January 19th and February 5th 2021 Portugal was the country in the world with the largest incidence rate, with 14-day incidence rates per 100,000 inhabitants in excess of 1,000. Despite its importance, accurate prediction of the geospatial evolution of COVID-19 remains a challenge, since existing analytical methods fail to capture the complex dynamics that result from the contagion within a region and the spreading of the infection from infected neighboring regions. We use a previously developed methodology and official municipality level data from the Portuguese Directorate-General for Health (DGS), relative to the first twelve months of the pandemic, to compute an estimate of the incidence rate in each location of mainland Portugal. The resulting sequence of incidence rate maps was then used as a gold standard to test the effectiveness of different approaches in the prediction of the spatial-temporal evolution of the incidence rate. Four different methods were tested: a simple cell level autoregressive moving average (ARMA) model, a cell level vector autoregressive (VAR) model, a municipality-by-municipality compartmental SIRD model followed by direct block sequential simulation, and a new convolutional sequence-to-sequence neural network model based on the STConvS2S architecture. We conclude that the modified convolutional sequence-to-sequence neural network is the best performing method in this task, when compared with the ARMA, VAR, and SIRD models, as well as with the baseline ConvLSTM model.

Art Therapy Approaches in Alzheimer’s Disease: A Systematic Review

ABSTRACT Art therapy (AT) has been adopted in recent years as a possible non-pharmacological approach in older persons living with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to improve both cognitive and behavioral and psychological symptoms that accompany the disease. Our main aim was to conduct a systematic review of the methodological and practical effectiveness of different approaches using AT in older people living with AD. The systematic analysis of the studies finally selected (n = 12) suggests that the measures applied to evaluate the effectiveness of AT may not always be the most appropriate to assess the impact of this approach in this type of population, in many cases not being sufficiently sensitive to adequately capture all the significant changes produced by the intervention. Neurologically informed AT, as well as the use of biomarkers, could better identify and capture intervention-induced changes, being a step toward evidence-based practice in the application of this type of approach.

Prediction of congenital heart disease for newborns: comparative analysis of Holt-Winters exponential smoothing and autoregressive integrated moving average models

ObjectiveTo describe the temporal trend of the number of new congenital heart disease (CHD) cases among newborns in Jinhua from 2019 to 2020 and explored an appropriate model to fit and forecast the tendency of CHD.MethodsData on CHD from 2019 to 2020 was collected from a health information system. We counted the number of newborns with CHD weekly and separately used the additive Holt-Winters ES method and ARIMA model to fit and predict the number of CHD for newborns in Jinhua. By comparing the mean square error, rooted mean square error and mean absolute percentage error of each approach, we evaluated the effects of different approaches for predicting the number of CHD in newborns.ResultsA total of 1135 newborns, including 601 baby girls and 534 baby boys, were admitted for CHD from HIS in Jinhua during the 2-year study period. The prevalence of CHD among newborns in Jinhua in 2019 was 0.96%. Atrial septal defect was diagnosed the most frequently among all newborns with CHD. The number of CHD cases among newborns remained stable in 2019 and 2020. There were fewer cases in spring and summer, while cases peaked in November and December. The ARIMA(2,1,1) model relatively offered advantages over the additive Holt-winters ES method in predicting the number of newborns with CHD, while the accuracy of ARIMA(2,1,1) was not very ideal.ConclusionsThe diagnosis of CHD is related to many risk factors, therefore, when using temporal models to fit and predict the data, we must consider such factors’ influence and try to incorporate them into the models.

Food insecurity as a risk factor for obesity: A review.

Obesity is considered a 21st-century epidemic and it is a metabolic risk factor for Non-Communicable Diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, some types of cancer, among others. Thus, its prevention and treatment are important public health concerns. Obesity within the context of food insecurity adds an additional layer of complexity to the current obesity epidemic. Efficient policies and interventions ought to take into consideration the effects of food insecurity on the risks of developing obesity among food insecure households. This review aims to analyze the recent available evidence around the obesity – food insecurity paradox. Most of the literature has consistently shown that there is a significant association between food insecurity and obesity, specifically in women of high-income countries. However, mechanisms explaining the paradox are still lacking. Even though researchers have tried to analyze the issue using different individual and societal variables, these studies have failed to explain the mediatory mechanisms of the food insecurity–obesity relationship since the proposed mechanisms usually lack strength or are purely theoretical. The research focus should shift from cross-sectional models to other research designs that allow the exploration of pathways and mechanisms underlying the food insecurity and obesity relationship, such as longitudinal studies, which will hopefully lead to consecutive research testing the effectiveness of different approaches and scale up such interventions into diverse contexts among those affected by obesity and the different degrees of food insecurity.

Recruitment of general practitioners in China: a scoping review of strategies and challenges.

BackgroundChina is rapidly expanding its general practitioner (GP) workforce as part of recent healthcare reform, with an extra 400,000 GPs by 2030. This scoping review identifies the published strategies for GP recruitment that are being implemented and the challenges encountered.MethodsWe searched six English and three Chinese databases from 2015 to April 2022, following Arksey and O’Malley’s framework and the PRISMA ScR reporting guidelines.ResultsA total of 40 Chinese-language and 5 English-language records were included. We identified multiple policies, pathways and programmes focused on expanding GP recruitment. Twenty-two evaluations of these initiatives show varying degrees of effectiveness. Selecting general practice as a career is affected by many factors, including individual’s background, remuneration and benefits, career prospects, working environment, self-fulfilment, and current national developments and reorganisations of primary care. The challenge most frequently reported was the adequate provision of qualified GP in rural regions. The targeting of students from rural areas and provision of free education in return for an obligatory six-years’ working in their hometown upon graduation appears to be effective. Extracted records mostly studied views of trainees in a defined locality, and we identified a paucity of studies which explored the perspectives of organisations and institutions, similarly there were areas of China not contributing to the literature and there were no records taking a national perspective.ConclusionsLong-term monitoring is required to assess policy changes and to systematically evaluate the effectiveness of the interventions nationally. The monitoring of the challenges influencing GP recruitment can be used to inform the design of future initiatives.Development of a minimum agreed standardised set of outcomes used to measure and report evaluations will help assess the relative contributions and cost effectiveness of different approaches being used to boost GP numbers. We provide suggestions for improving the benefits and rewards for GPs and how to promote recruitment to the more rural or less attractive areas.Supplementary InformationThe online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12875-022-01854-0.

The Effectiveness of Education in the Specialty "Neonatology": from Tradition to Innovation

An analysis of the training of neonatologists in Khabarovsk Territory over the past 20 years is presented. The effectiveness of different approaches to the training of neonatologists was compared.

Predictors of the Effectiveness of Different Approaches to Pandemic Distance Learning

Significant attention has been devoted to the forced switch to distance learning as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, some aspects of this issue that are very important for practice are still understudied. The aim of this study is to describe the development of an online-available screening tool which could help the teachers to identify the students at risk of lowered effectiveness during the distance learning and also to select an appropriate teaching approach for the given class. A complex survey involving 35 teachers of Czech language, German language, Mathematics, Physics and Geography, and more than 1400 of their students from 70 classes, was carried out. In the first step, we identified which out of the more than 100 potentially relevant variables have predictive value for the effectiveness of distance learning. Subsequently, a series of multilinear regression models enabling to quantify the impact of the individual variables on effectiveness and perceived usefulness of distance learning were developed. Moderation analysis was also used to model how suitable synchronous and asynchronous activities based on active learning are for classes with different characteristics. Based on the results of the models, a simple screening tool helping teachers to tailor their approach and strategy is being developed.

Urban Intersection Management Strategies for Autonomous/Connected/Conventional Vehicle Fleet Mixtures

Connected Vehicles and Autonomous Vehicles (CAVs) provide various sources of vehicular related information to intersection infrastructure by integrating on-board sensors processing, wireless communication and other Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) technologies. Thus connected vehicle technologies can potentially remedy data collection limitations of existing urban intersection managements, enhancing the performances of intersection controls such as reducing vehicle delay, reducing vehicle number of stops and improving energy efficiency. This paper reviews optimization-based signal controls for different penetrations of connected vehicles and conventional vehicles environments, autonomous intersection management specific to completely 100% AVs road states, as well as signal-trajectory joint control for different adoptions of conventional vehicles, CVs and AVs mixture environments. Real time data processing, signal timing optimizations, vehicle trajectory motion planning and evaluation frameworks are summarized to highlight the advantages and limitations of respective intersection control paradigms. It is important to recognize that realistic scenarios in comparative assessments for proposed methods need to be achieved in future works. The effectiveness of different approaches is challenging to be compared without complete evaluation frameworks, and sensitivity analysis and hypothesis tests involving variety penetration rates and flow demands should be performed in order to test the stability of methods in different scenarios.

Digital Facilitation to Support Patient Access to Web-Based Primary Care Services: Scoping Literature Review.

BackgroundThe use of web-based services within primary care (PC) in the National Health Service in England is increasing, with medically underserved populations being less likely to engage with web-based services than other patient groups. Digital facilitation—referring to a range of processes, procedures, and personnel that seek to support patients in the uptake and use of web-based services—may be a way of addressing these challenges. However, the models and impact of digital facilitation currently in use are unclear.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify, characterize, and differentiate between different approaches to digital facilitation in PC; establish what is known about the effectiveness of different approaches; and understand the enablers of digital facilitation.MethodsAdopting scoping review methodology, we searched academic databases (PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Web of Science, and Cochrane Library) and gray literature published between 2015 and 2020. We conducted snowball searches of reference lists of included articles and articles identified during screening as relevant to digital facilitation, but which did not meet the inclusion criteria because of article type restrictions. Titles and abstracts were independently screened by 2 reviewers. Data from eligible studies were analyzed using a narrative synthesis approach.ResultsA total of 85 publications were included. Most (71/85, 84%) were concerned with digital facilitation approaches targeted at patients (promotion of services, training patients to improve their technical skills, or other guidance and support). Further identified approaches targeted PC staff to help patients (eg, improving staff knowledge of web-based services and enhancing their technical or communication skills). Qualitative evidence suggests that some digital facilitation may be effective in promoting the uptake and use of web-based services by patients (eg, recommendation of web-based services by practice staff and coaching). We found little evidence that providing patients with initial assistance in registering for or accessing web-based services leads to increased long-term use. Few studies have addressed the effects of digital facilitation on health care inequalities. Those that addressed this suggested that providing technical training for patients could be effective, at least in part, in reducing inequalities, although not entirely. Factors affecting the success of digital facilitation include perceptions of the usefulness of the web-based service, trust in the service, patients’ trust in providers, the capacity of PC staff, guidelines or regulations supporting facilitation efforts, and staff buy-in and motivation.ConclusionsDigital facilitation has the potential to increase the uptake and use of web-based services by PC patients. Understanding the approaches that are most effective and cost-effective, for whom, and under what circumstances requires further research, including rigorous evaluations of longer-term impacts. As efforts continue to increase the use of web-based services in PC in England and elsewhere, we offer an early typology to inform conceptual development and evaluations.Trial RegistrationPROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42020189019; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=189019