Effects Of Dietary Pyridoxine Research Articles

The regulatory effects of pyridoxine deficiency on the grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) gill barriers immunity, apoptosis, antioxidant, and tight junction challenged with Flavobacterium columnar

The effects of dietary pyridoxine (PN) on the gill immunity, apoptosis, antioxidant and tight junction of grass cap (Ctenopharyngodon idella) were investigated in this study. Fish were fed semi-purified diets containing graded levels of PN for 10 weeks, and then challenged with Flavobacterium columnare by bath immersion exposure for 3 days. The results indicated that compared with the optimal PN level, PN deficiency resulted in a decline in the antimicrobial compound production of gill. In addition, PN deficiency up-regulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines and down-regulated the anti-inflammatory cytokines gene expression, which might be associated with the enhanced nuclear factor κB p65 and the inhibited target of rapamycin signalling pathways, respectively, suggesting that PN deficiency could impair gill immune barrier function. Furthermore, PN deficiency (1) induced cell apoptosis, which may be partly associated with the (apoptotic protease activating factor-1, Bcl-2 associated X protein)/caspase-9 and c-Rel/tumor necrosis factor α (rather than FasL)/caspase-8 mediated apoptosis pathway. (2) Inhibited Kelch-like ECH-associating protein 1a/NF-E2-related factor 2 mRNA expression, decreased the mRNA expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes, increased the levels of reactive oxygen species, protein carbonyl and malondialdehyde. (3) Increased the mRNA expression level of myosin light chain kinase, which may be result in the down-regulation of tight junction complexes such as zonula occludens 1, occludin and claudins (expect claudin-12 and claudin-15). These results suggest that PN deficiency could impair gill physical barrier function. In summary, dietary PN deficiency could cause the impairment of gill barrier function associated with immunity, apoptosis, antioxidant and tight junction, which may result in the increased the susceptibility of fish to pathogenic bacteria. Moreover, based on the gill rot morbidity, LZ activity and MDA content, the dietary PN requirements for grass cap were estimated to be 4.85, 4.78 and 4.77 mg kg−1 diet, respectively.

Effects of Pyridoxine on Selected Appetite Regulating Peptides mRNA Expression in Hypothalamic PVN/ARC Nuclei and Gastrointestinal Tract Tissues

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary pyridoxine on the gene expression of appetite-regulating peptides in the hypothalamus and gastrointestinal tract of rabbits. Thirty-two rabbits were randomly divided into 2 treatments for 8 weeks (16 replicates/group and 1 rabbit/replicate). The treatments were fed a basal diet (control, measured pyridoxine content is 4.51 mg/kg) and the basal diet with a pyridoxine supplementation at 10 mg/kg (pyridoxine, measured pyridoxine content is 14.64 mg/kg). The results showed that dietary pyridoxine did not significantly alter the mRNA levels of neuropeptide Y, agouti related peptide, pro-opiomelanocortin and cocaine, amphetamine regulated transcript, peptide YY and cholecystokinin in arcuate nucleus, peptide YY in jejunum and ileum, and cholecystokinin in duodenum, jejunum and ileum (P > 0.05). Compared with the control, the mRNA levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone and melanocortin 4 receptor in paraventricular nuclei and peptide YY in duodenum were significantly decreased after pyridoxine treatment (P 0.05). In conclusion, the appetite genes of melanocortin 4 receptor and corticotropin-releasing hormone in paraventricular nuclei and peptide YY in duodenum are involved in the pyridoxine-caused hyperphagia.

Effects of dietary pyridoxine on growth and biochemical responses of Labeo rohita fingerlings exposed to endosulfan

A sixty-day experiment was carried out to study the effect of dietary pyridoxine (PN) on growth performance, RNA/DNA ratio and some biochemical parameters of Labeo rohita fingerlings exposed to sub-lethal dose of endosulfan (1/10th of 96h static non-renewal LC50=0.2ppb) to assess the role of pyridoxine in ameliorating the negative effects of endosulfan. Two hundred seventy fingerlings (6.5±0.26g) were randomly distributed into six treatments in triplicates (15fish/tank). Five iso-nitrogenous (35.45–35.75% crude protein) purified diets were prepared with graded levels of pyridoxine. Six treatment groups were T0 (10mg PN+without endosulfan), T1 (0mg PN+endosulfan), T2 (10mg PN+endosulfan), T3 (50mg PN+endosulfan), T4 (100mg PN+endosulfan) and T5 (200mg PN+endosulfan). Weight gain (%), specific growth rate (SGR), tissue glycogen, and protease activity were significantly (P<0.05) higher in pyridoxine fed groups compared to their non-pyridoxine fed counterpart. Protease activity was positively correlated (R2=0.931) with (%) weight gain. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) activity was significantly (P<0.05) higher in non-pyridoxine fed group and decreased in pyridoxine fed counterparts. There were no significant (P>0.05) effect of dietary pyridoxine on feed conversion ratio (FCR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), survival, gastro-somatic index (GSI), hepato-somatic index (HSI) and liver and muscle DNA levels of L. rohita fingerlings. RNA levels, both in liver and muscle, increased significantly (P<0.05) in pyridoxine fed groups. A positive correlation was observed between growth and RNA levels, both in liver (R2=0.91) and muscle (R2=0.88). RNA/DNA ratio showed a third order polynomial relationship with dietary pyridoxine, both in liver (Y=−0.014x3+0.1613x2−0.5333x+0.7933, R2=0.987) and muscle (Y=−0.0407x3+0.4763x2−1.6358x+2.4667, R2=0.9345). The overall results obtained in present study indicated that dietary pyridoxine supplementation at 100 or 200mg PN/kg diet ameliorates the negative effects of endosulfan and restores optimal growth of L. rohita fingerlings.

Effects of Dietary Pyridoxine on Growth and Physiological Responses of Labeo rohita Fingerlings Reared in High Water Temperature

The role of dietary pyridoxine (vitamin B6) on the growth and physiological responses of Labeo rohita fingerlings reared in a high temperature of 33°C was examined in a 60-day trial. Two hundred and seventy fingerlings (6.71±0.32 g) were randomly distributed into six treatments in triplicate. Five iso-caloric and iso-nitrogenous purified diets were prepared with graded levels of pyridoxine: 0, 10, 50, 100, and 200 mg. The control group was given a diet containing 10 mg pyridoxine and reared at ambient temperature (26°C). Pyridoxine supplementation at 100 or 200 mg/kg diet significantly augmented the specific growth rate but there were no significant (p&gt;0.05) effects of pyridoxine supplementation on the feed conversion ratio. Superoxide-dismutase, catalase, blood glucose, and serum cortisol were significantly lower and acetylcholinesterase (AchE) significantly (p&lt;0.05) higher in the pyridoxine-fed groups. Results indicate that dietary pyridoxine supplementation at the rate of 100 mg/kg diet augments growth and helps lower stress in L. rohita fingerlings reared in a high water temperature.

Assessment of dietary and egg injected d-biotin, pyridoxine and folic acid on turkey hatchability: folic acid and poult weight

This report is a standardized compendium of age-related reproductive response data of turkey hens from the use of dietary supplemental d-biotin, pyridoxine and folic acid; and of commercial and domestic egg injections of each of the crystalline vitamins to determine their limiting inherent essence in causing embryo failure. With reproductive response data reported in each of three grouped time periods of production (5–6 wk each), the system of analysis was not confounded with feed consumption with the progression of maternal age.Maternal age had no effect on vitamin transport to the egg for any of the three vitamins; and no effect on hatchability or poult weight, with the exception of biotin and folic acid, respectively. With the progression of maternal age, higher dietary biotin and folic acid levels were required for hatchability and poult weight, respectively, after 5–6 wk of production.There was a lack of/or minor effect of dietary pyridoxine on the transfer of vitamin B6 for hatchability of turkey eggs. Egg injections of pyridoxine were vital for increasing hatchability even though the hen's diet was amply supplemented with pyridoxine. Manual egg vitamin injections are considered valuable for diagnosing possible limiting vitamins for hatchability. The manual injection method utilized small egg numbers and was administered at selective intervals over the production cycle. Automated injections were utilized for commercial flocks where egg numbers were large. Automated egg injections performed in the commercial sector, had no detrimental influence on poult viability or growth after hatching. Statistical reliability existed between hatchability results of automated and manual egg injections of a single vitamin level, and between different flocks of the same strain, both commercial and experimental.The report offers practical insight for versatile changes in meeting dietary and egg needs of the three vitamins for higher reproductive performance. The report also offers new insight for hatchability improvement with dietary biotin with the progression of age in the hen.

Effects of dietary pyridoxine on larval growth, free amino acid pattern in haemolymph and uric acid excretion in the silkworm, Bombyx mori

The effects of the lack of, or varying levels of, pyridoxine in the diet on larval growth, free amino acid composition of the haemolymph and uric acid excretion in the silkworm, Bombyx mori, were determined. Under pyridoxine-deficient conditions, growth of larvae and silkglands was retarded, being accompanied by an inhibition of the increase of haemolymph protein content and an increase in uric acid excretion. The pyridoxine requirement was larger for the growth of silkglands than that for the whole body. The free amino acid composition of the haemolymph was greatly altered by pyridoxine deficiency and the effect became more pronounced with the prolongation of the duration of feeding on a deficient diet. The contents of glycerophosphoethanolamine, phosphoethanolamine, Gly, Glu-NH 2, cystathionine and ornithine in haemolymph were markedly increased by pyridoxine deficiency, whereas the contents of Thr, Ser, Ala, lanthionine, Met, Leu, Tyr, Phe, Lys and His fell. The levels of amino acids approached the control levels of the respective amino acids with the increase of dietary pyridoxine concentration.