Effect Of Crumb Rubber Research Articles

Preliminary Investigation On the Effect of Crumb Rubber (From Waste Tyre) On Nigerian Tar Sand Bitumen and Conventional 60/70

Preliminary Investigation On the Effect of Crumb Rubber (From Waste Tyre) On Nigerian Tar Sand Bitumen and Conventional 60/70

Effect of Crumb Rubber, Epolene (EE-2), and Date Palm Ash as Modifiers on the Performance of Binders and Mixtures: A Sustainable Approach

The only type of conventional bitumen (PG 64-10) available in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) does not meet the temperature requirements of most of the kingdom’s regions. Hence, the binder needs to be modified to improve the performance of flexible pavements at high temperature and heavy traffic loading. In order to meet the requirements of the Superpave Performance Grade (PG), crumb rubber (CR), epolene (EE-2), and date palm ash (DPA) were used as asphalt additives in different percentages (4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% by weight of bitumen). Viscosity and rheological tests as well as stability and indirect tensile tests were performed on binders and asphalt mixtures. The binders modified with CR, EE-2, and DPA showed improved rheological and performance properties as compared to conventional binder. Similarly, the PG of conventional asphalt was upgraded with the addition of different percentages of the modifiers. Furthermore, this study also aimed to help the environment by minimizing and recycling wastes in road construction processes to achieve sustainability.

Effect of Crumb Rubber as Fine Aggregate Replacement in Cold Mixture Asphalt

The number of waste tires has been increasing as an impact of rapidly growing number of vehicles and becomes a global environmental concern. The environmental impact can be reduced by converting the waste tires to crumb rubber and reusing it as a replacement of fine aggregates in asphalt mixture. Dense graded cold mixtures asphalt design was developed for rubberized mixtures with up to 100% (by weight) crumb rubber replacement. Series of laboratory testing were performed for evaluating the Marshall stability and volumetric properties of rubberized cold mixture asphalt. The findings of this laboratory study indicated that Marshall stability and volumetric properties of these mixtures were affected by crumb rubber percentage. Although the use of crumb rubber in cold mixture asphalt could decrease the mechanical and volumetric properties of mixtures, but still has a great potential as a partial fine aggregate replacement in cold mixture asphalt. Rubberized cold mixture asphalt could be considered as a flexible pavement subjected to low traffic medium load.

Engineering properties of crumb rubber modified dense-graded asphalt mixtures using dry process

The development and production of high quality asphalt are crucial in the effort to meet current demands for the construction of roads. Crumb rubber is an industrial waste and one of the best ways to reduce the amount of this waste is by recycling it in the asphalt industry. Crumb rubber obtained from scrap tyres has been proven to be an effective additive for the modification of the properties of asphalt mixtures. This study presents a laboratory evaluation of the properties of crumb rubber modified asphalt mixture using the dry process method by adding three different sizes of crumb rubber, namely fine (≤1.18mm), coarse (≥1.18 but ≤3.35 mm), and combination of both fine and coarse (50/50), at three different percentages of crumb rubber, 0, 1.5 and 2.5% of the total weight of the aggregate. Crumb rubber was used to modify the dense graded mixture of asphaltic concrete wearing course 14 (ACWC14). The effect of crumb rubber in the mixture was investigated in terms of the volumetric properties using the Marshall Mix Design and mixture performance testing was conducted by means of resilient modulus, dynamic creep, and abrasion loss. Results showed that fine crumb rubber improved most of the properties of asphalt mixtures compared to other types of mixtures; this could be due to the partial interaction between rubber particles and bitumen which simultaneously act as an elastic aggregate in the mixture.

Effect of crumb rubber and nano silica on the durability performance of high volume fly ash roller compacted concrete pavement

Effect of crumb rubber and nano silica on the durability performance of high volume fly ash roller compacted concrete pavement

The effect of crumb rubber on the physical and rheological properties of modified binder

Bitumen is widely used in highway pavement construction. The highway intensity of traffic causes overloading and subsequently contributes to pavement distress i.e. rutting, cracking and disintegration. Hence, to minimize the pavement distress and enhance its durability, conventional bitumen properties need to be improved. An effort has been made by modifying the conventional bitumen with crumb rubber. The physical and rheological properties of crumb rubber modified binder (CRMB) were study by conducting fundamental physical test (including penetration, softening point, ductility, and storage stability) and Dynamic Shear Rheometer (DSR) test. Results indicated that, penetration decreased, and softening point increased, for unaged and short term aged samples, respectively. Temperature susceptibility of CRMB also improved as PI value increased. Moreover, rheology testing exhibited an improvement of G*/sin δ value and increased bitumen’s performance grade (PG) by one level. These properties enhancement indicates greater resistance to rutting.

Effect of crumb rubber on the mechanical properties of crushed recycled pavement materials

The low-carbon footprint of using recycled construction and demolition (C&D) aggregates in civil engineering infrastructure applications has been considered to be a significant solution for the replacement of conventional pavement aggregates. Investigations regarding the use of crumb rubber in the base and subbase layers of pavement have been well documented. However, information on the effects of crumb rubber and its size within C&D aggregates as the base/subbase layers is still very limited. In this study, crumb rubber with particle sizes ranging from 400 to 600 μm (fine) to 10–15 mm (coarse), 20 mm recycled crushed concrete (RCC), and 20 mm crushed rock (CR) were used. The crumb rubber was added to the two groups of C&D aggregates at 0.5, 1 and 2% by weight percentages of the aggregates. The effect of crumb rubber on the mechanical properties (such as California bearing ratio, unconfined compressive strength, aggregate crushing value, dynamic lightweight cone penetrometer, Clegg impact value, Los Angeles abrasion values, and resilient modulus) of the C&D aggregates was then examined. Based on the experimental test results, it was found that crumb rubber can be recycled as a waste material for the base and subbase layers in the pavement.

Effect of Crumb Rubber on Properties of Bitumen of Grade 60/70

With the rise in population in Pakistan, the number of vehicles is also increasing, these increasing number of vehicles causing problems for existing road structures in terms of distresses, failures and environment in terms of pollutant gases and landfills. The purpose of this study is to cater both the problems, i.e., structural and environmental. The study covers the use of crumb rubber which is obtained from waste rubber tires of vehicles, in bitumen Grade 60/70 of Attock oil refinery, so that properties of bitumen can be enhanced. Crumb rubber was ground and mixed in bitumen at different percentages for testing softening point, Ductility, penetration and flash and fire point. Results indicated that addition of crumb rubber enhanced different properties i.e. reduced penetration, increased softening point and flash and fire point, reduced ductility.

Effect of crumb rubber on mechanical properties of multi-phase syntactic foams

Syntactic foam is a lightweight and strong material which can be used in marine and aeronautical applications. However, the brittleness of the material limits its application to a broader range. Adding crumb rubber to the syntactic foam can increase its energy absorption capacity. The effect of crumb rubber on the fracture toughness and energy absorption capacity of 2-phase and 3-phase syntactic foam is evaluated under both static and impact loads. The experimental results have shown that the fracture toughness of the 2-phase rubberized syntactic foam increased by 8% while an increase of 22% of its fracture energy was observed. Under quasi-static loads, the 3-phase rubberized syntactic foam showed decreases in the compressive strength and elastic modulus but an increase in the energy absorption capacity as compared to the syntactic foam without crumb rubber. In addition, the impact energy absorption of the 3-phase rubberized syntactic foam increased by 24% as compared to that of the 3-phase syntactic foam without crumb rubber.

Effect of crumb rubber and nano silica on the fatigue performance of roller compacted concrete pavement

Roller compacted concrete (RCC) pavement is subjected to continues traffic loading from vehicular activities which can results to fatigue cracking. Fatigue is one of the commonest defects affecting...

Water Resistance Evaluation of Asphalt Concrete Wearing Course Made with Crumb Rubber of Motorcycle Tire Waste

Indonesia has a tropical climate with high rainfall and experiences frequent flooding which are a major causes of road deterioration. It requires solutions one of which is to formulate an asphalt mix that has a high resistance to water, and one of the answers is to mix Crumb Rubber (CRM) with asphalt mix. The purpose of this experimental study was to investigate the effect of crumb rubber of motorcycle tire waste (CRM) on the water resistance of asphalt concrete wearing course (ACWC). CRM, passing #30 sieve size, was mixed with aggregate, five levels of CRM content were investigated in this study, namely, 0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% and 3.0% respectively by weight of mix. A dry process was used in the blending of mixtures. Three of six specimens from each group were tested under standard Marshall. The remaining specimens were tested by immersing in a bath at 60°C for 24 hours. The results indicated that the 0.5% CRM mixture was the best.

Effect of Crumb Rubber as Coarse and Fine Aggregates on the Properties of Asphalt Concrete

This research has used crumb rubber in asphalt mixture as a part of the coarse and fine aggregate. Three sieve sizes of crumb rubbers were used in asphalt mixture No. 4, No. 8 and No. 50, with five percent of asphalt cements (4, 4.5, 5, 5.5 and 6%) by weight and four percent of crumb rubbers (10, 20, 30 and 40%) by weight used as an aggregate for preparing asphalt mixture specimens. The Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) Marshal test method for asphalt mixture specimens was used; 72 specimens were prepared for evaluation of Marshall Properties (flow, Stability, bulk density, air void percentage and void in mineral aggregate). Previous studies showed that the crumb rubber has further effects on the performance of asphalt mixture by increasing its Marshall flow, stability, air voids and decreasing the bulk density. It is concluded that the crumb rubber as a fine aggregate improves the stability and flow with respect to a crumb rubber as a coarse aggregate.

Erratum to: Study on Chloride Ion Penetration Resistance of Rubberized Concrete Under Steady State Condition

The abstract of the article should be replaced by the abstract below:In this paper, the effect of crumb rubber, CR as fine aggregate in the concrete to enhance concrete durability against chloride ion diffusion was studied. Chloride ion diffusion in rubberized concrete was tested by migration test under steady state condition. Concrete specimen with water-to-cement ratio of 0.50 was prepared to study the CR effectiveness in comparison with lower water-to-cement ratio. In addition, 10% silica fume, SF was added to provide denser concrete and to understand its effectiveness against chloride ion diffusion. Results showed that chloride transport characteristics were improved by the increasing amount of CR in all mixed due to the fact that CR has the ability to repel water. Meanwhile, rubberized concrete with w/c = 0.35 gave better resistance against chloride ion penetration compared to w/c = 0.50. This was much improved with combination of CR and SF.

EFFECT OF CRUMB RUBBER ON CONCRETE STRENGTH AND CHLORIDE ION PENETRATION RESISTANCE

This paper present the effect of crumb rubber on its ability to produce concrete with structural strength when it was used directly from the plant without any treatment process. Crumb rubber was added as fine aggregates at 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of sand volume meanwhile silica fume was added at 10% by cement weight. Three main series of concrete namely rubberized concrete with water-to-cement ratio of 50% and 35% was design and development of compressive strength was observed from day 7 until 91 days. Also, effectiveness of crumb rubber under flexural strength and splitting tensile strength was studied at 28 days curing age. Effect of crumb rubber on durability performance was done on chloride ion penetration resistance performance by migration test and by immersion in salt water. Chloride ion diffusion in rubberized concrete by migration test was carried out under steady state condition using effective diffusion coefficient, De meanwhile, immersion test in salt water was conducted under non-steady state condition using apparent diffusion coefficient, Da. Results showed that compressive strength was decrease with the increasing of crumb rubber in the mixture. Even though the strength were reducing with the inclusion of crumb rubber, the reduction were less than 50% and it achieved acceptable structural strength. Chloride transport characteristics were improved by increasing amount of CR and rubberized concrete with w/c = 0.35 gave better resistance against chloride ion compared to w/c = 0.50 with more than 50% difference. Silica fume provide slightly strength increment compared to normal rubberized concrete and the same behavior was observed during chloride ion diffusion test.

Effect of crumb rubber on viscosity of rubberized asphalt binders containing wax additives

Viscous properties of rubberized asphalt binders containing wax additive were evaluated through the rotational viscometer at 135°C and 120°C. Rubberized binders were produced with three percentages (10%, 15%, and 20% by the weight of binder), and then mixed with two commercial wax additives. Three different periods of 30, 120, and 240min were applied to the rotational viscosity test to evaluate the viscous properties depending on testing time. The viscosity changes by different time periods were drawn in time versus viscosity curve. From the results, it is concluded that (1) the addition of crumb rubber significantly increases the binder viscosity, (2) the wax additives are effective to reduce the binder viscosities at both testing temperatures, (3) all the viscosity values of rubberized binders are observed to increase after certain time, regardless of the addition of wax additives, (4) the higher the rubber contents, the steeper the viscosity change over time, and (5) the rubberized mixes with wax additive are expected to have a better haul management, based on the less viscosity increase over time.

Discussion the Rheological Properties of Asphalt Rubber

To test the effects of crumb rubber's mesh and parameters to rubber asphalt to improve the performance of asphalt, we use different mesh rubber powder and asphalt to prepare rubber asphalt in the laboratory, and do dynamic mechanical testing to rubber asphalt sample. We find that different mesh rubber powder have obviously different action to improve the performance of asphalt. Under the same conditions, in order to make better use of modified bitumen. We propose how to use modified asphalt prepared by different mesh rubber powder for different paving.

USE OF CRUMB RUBBER TO IMPROVE THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF CEMENT-BASED MATERIALS

Motivated by the tremendous trend toward green environment and to reduce the effect of scrap tires on the environment and human health, this research is an attempt to find a practical and environmentally sound solution of the problem of scrap tires by developing a light weight with low thermal conductivity composite construction materials using waste tires. A few literatures may be found about the effect of crumb rubber on thermal conductivity of mortar. Thus, in this research project, an experimental program was established to investigate the effect of the amount and size of crumb rubber (rubber obtained from recycling scrap tires) on the thermal properties of mortar. Four levels of crumb rubber addition: 10, 20, 30 and 40% and three sizes of crumb rubber (#30, #10_20 and a combination of both sizes) were considered to make twelve different mixtures of the rubberized mortar. Specially designed and constructed heat transfer measurement device was used to measure thermal conductivity of the specimens. Results were used to determine the optimal amount of crumb rubber that gives the least thermal conductivity, which directly related to the improvement in thermal resistance of concrete mixtures. It was found that the size and the amount of crumb rubber had an effect on thermal properties of the specimens investigated. The thermal conductivity of rubberized mortar was decreased by 28% when crumb rubber #10_20 was used. It was also found that #10_20 crumb rubber had more effect on the thermal conductivity reduction than #30 crumb rubbers. An empirical equation is proposed to predict thermal conductivity of rubberized mortar.

Crumb Rubber Effect on Acoustic Properties of Self- Consolidating Concrete

Several researches have been conducted to find a practical and environmentally sound solution of the problem of scrap tires. In this context, an experimental study was conducted to provide more data on the effect of crumb rubber on the acoustic properties of self-consolidating concrete SCC. To this end, Parallelepiped and cylindrical specimens were prepared by varying the proportion of crumb rubber with percentages of 0 %, 10 %, 20 % and 30 % of the volume of gravel. Properties such standardized level difference, sound absorption at different frequency and noise reduction were investigated. The results showed that the sound absorption and noise reduction coefficient were increased according to the increase of the percentage of crumb rubber. The self-consolidating concrete rubber SCCR has better acoustic properties in comparison with SCC.

Evaluation on Mix Design and Rutting Resistance of Dry Mixed Rubberised Asphalt Mixtures

This study presents a laboratory evaluation on the properties of crumb rubber modified asphalt mixture using a dry process method in which the fine crumb rubber is added to substitute the aggregates portion and acts as elastic aggregates within the mix. The effect of crumb rubber in the mixture was investigated in terms of the volumetric properties using Marshall Mix Design and rutting performance using Wheel Tracking Test. The crumb rubber was added between 1 to 3% in steps of 1% by weight of aggregates to modify a dense graded mix, Asphaltic Concrete (AC14) and a gap graded mix, Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA14) according to the Malaysian mix design. Based on the result, it was observed that the performance of the asphalt mixtures was significantly affected with the addition of crumb rubber. Rubberised asphalt mixtures for AC14 were found to have a greater resistance on rutting deformation compared to the conventional mixture. However, the use of fine rubber in SMA14 mixture with 80/100 bitumen cannot provide enough binder modification to perform as good as conventional SMA14 mixture with polymer modified bitumen. Furthermore, based on detailed review, a set of procedures for producing dry mixed rubberised asphalt mixture was identified and recommended for future studies.

The Effect of Crumb Rubber on Freeze-Thaw Durability of Portland Cement Concrete

Abstract Scrap tires from automobiles create a significant waste stream all over the world, and their disposal needs a viable and environmentally friendly solution. Past research shows that the inclusion of rubber aggregates in concrete reduces its strength but may be useful for improving durability properties such as the freeze-thaw resistance of the concrete; however, comprehensive assessments of the size effects and ideal rubber type have not been fully undertaken. With an understanding of the factors that enable rubber particles to improve the freeze-thaw resistance of concrete, issues such as instability and loss of entrained air in conventionally air-entrained concretes may be addressed. In this study, we assessed the freeze-thaw durability of rubberized Portland cement concrete with the addition of two types of crumb rubber aggregates created via ambient and cryogenic processes. Also, three different sizes of crumb rubber aggregates at three different replacement levels, 8 %, 16 %, and 24 % by volume of fine aggregates, were used for concrete specimens. The results were compared with non-air-entrained concrete as well as air-entrained concrete without added rubber. Based on this investigation, it was concluded that the finer-sized particles of both types of crumb rubber at 16 % and 24 % replacement levels showed very good performance in improving the freeze-thaw durability of concrete without the need for conventional air entrainment.