Effect Of Copper Intrauterine Device Research Articles

Comparative analysis of copper intrauterine device impact on female sexual dysfunction subtypes

ObjectivesTo examine the effect of copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) on female sexual dysfunction (FSD) subtypes. Material and methodsThere were 159 sexually active women (ninety Cu-IUD users and sixty-nine women with no contraception) who attended the gynecology clinic for routine gynecologic control informed about the study and asked to fill Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) and Beck Depression Inventory questionnaires. ResultsThe prevalence of FSD was 41.1% (n=37) and 37.7% (n=26) in Cu-IUD users and control groups, respectively (p > 0.05). In analyses of mean overall and subgroup scores of FSFI, significantly lower scores for arousal (p=0.021), lubrication (p=0.021), orgasm (p=0.040), pain (p < 0.001), and overall FSFI (p=0.031) were noted in Cu-IUD users. When the results for FSFI domains were considered for Cu-IUD users separately, the only difference to reach statistical significance, using a Bonferroni adjustment, was found to be the pain domain. Finally, we determined that Cu-IUD status made the strongest unique contribution to explaining the dependent variable pain in multiple logistic regression model (β = −0.26, p=0.001). ConclusionCu-IUD users have increased sexual pain compared to women with no contraception, which in turn possibly causes decreased sexual arousal, lubrication, and orgasm in these women.

Effect of copper intrauterine device vs. injectable contraceptive on serum hormone levels and cell mitotic activity in endometrium

Abstract Aims To compare changes in serum estradiol and progesterone level, endometrium cell mitotic activity and Ki67 in women using copper intrauterine device (Cu-IUD) with DMPA users 9 months after use. Methods One hundred and fifty women having no contra indication to either IUD or injectable contraceptive were studied. Office Endometrial biopsies and serum samples for estradiol and progesterone levels were taken on the 7th day of the menstrual cycle at recruitment and after 9 months. The endometrial samples were subjected to cell mitotic study and Ki67 estimation using morphology and proliferative indices. Results The mean glandular mitotic index was 1.69 ± (0.39) for IUD user vs. 1.1 ± (0.69) for Injectable contraceptive user at first visit respectively and it was 0.57 ± (0.34) vs. 0.25 ± (0.11) at second visit after 9 months respectively. Similarly, Ki-67 count in glands was 11.79 ± 1.59 for IUD user vs. 12.03 ± 0.58 for injectable contraceptive user at first visit and 4.20 ± (0.24) vs. 2.27 ± (0.65) at second visit respectively. In the stroma, Ki67 decreased from a mean of 0.85–0.05 in 9 months for IUD user vs. 0.92–0.02. For injectable users suggesting a statistically significant decrease in proliferative and mitotic indices in the endometrium of women using either injectable contraceptives or IUD for more than 9 months. Non significant changes were observed in serum hormone levels in IUD users, while injectable contraceptive users showed a significant increase in serum progesterone level with insignificant change in the serum estrogen level. Conclusion Either copper intrauterine device or injectable contraceptive usage for more than 9 months results in significant decrease in endometrial proliferative or cell mitotic activity. While copper IUD has no effect on serum estradiol or progesterone levels, DMPA usage increased serum progesterone level with no effect on serum estradiol.

Effect of copper intrauterine device on the cyclooxygenase and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in the luteal phase endometrium

Background To evaluate the effect of copper intrauterine device (IUD) on the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the luteal phase endometrium. Study Design A prospective clinical study was conducted on 30 women who were willing to use a copper IUD contraception. Endometrial biopsies and blood samples were taken before and 3 months after the insertion of the IUD on Day 3 and Days 20–24 of the cycle. Main outcome measures were to evaluate the effect of copper IUD on uterine artery blood flow using pulsed color Doppler ultrasonography and the relationship of bleeding abnormalities and menstrual pain level with the uterine blood flow, COX-2 and iNOS expression. Results Only the left uterine artery pulsatility and resistance indices decreased statistically significantly (p=.005 and p=.039, respectively). Other Doppler parameters showed no change. Cyclooxygenase-2 expression of both endometrial luminal epithelium (p=.03) and gland epithelium (p=.03) increased significantly. Inducible NOS expression of the endometrial surface epithelium decreased significantly after IUD insertion (p=.01). Conclusions Although COX-2 expression increased 3 months after copper IUD insertion, iNOS expression of the luminal epithelium decreased. Local hypoxia caused by copper and vasoconstrictor prostanoids may play a role in IUD-related menstrual abnormalities.

Effect of copper intrauterine devices on the chemical composition of rabbit oviduct fluid.

Oviduct fluid, collected from 65 mature, female rabbits in estrus and in which a modified copper intrauterine device (IUD) was introduced by laparotomy in one of the uterine horns, was examined for chemical composition. No differences were noted for sodium, potassium, calcium, chloride and bicarbonate between the two sides. The copper content was found to be significantly higher in the IUD side (12.80 +/- 3.01 microgram/100 ml), as compared to the control side (9.0 +/- 1.0 microgram/100 ml), the toxicity of which, to blastocyst development, has been reported in some cases. Total protein in the experimental side was significantly higher (258.52 +/- 36.22 mg/100 ml) than in the control side (156.67 +/- 26.45 mg/100 ml). The same was found for sialic acid, 5.30 +/- 0.62 microgram/ml, compared to 3.66 +/- 0.27 microgram/ml, suggesting that a part of the increased protein can be ascribed to glycoprotein. Oviduct fluid glucose was found to be lower in the copper IUD side than in the control side (10.5 +/- 0.2 vs. 17.7 +/- 0.3 mg/100 ml). These findings may be explained on the basis of an inflammatory process, taking place in the side of the copper IUD, and should be used with cautiousness in adolescent, and nulligravidae women.

273. Effect of copper intra-uterine devices on the estrogen and progesterone level in rat uterus and serum

273. Effect of copper intra-uterine devices on the estrogen and progesterone level in rat uterus and serum

Effect of Copper Intrauterine Devices (IUD’s) on Estrogen and Progesterone Uptake by the Rat Uterus

Effect of Copper Intrauterine Devices (IUD’s) on Estrogen and Progesterone Uptake by the Rat Uterus