Effects Of Continuous Cropping Research Articles

Effects of Continuous Cropping and Application of Bio-organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet under Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Application

Effects of Continuous Cropping and Application of Bio-organic Fertilizers on Growth, Yield and Quality of Sugar Beet under Reduced Chemical Fertilizer Application

Effect of Continuous Cropping on the Physicochemical Properties, Microbial Activity, and Community Characteristics of the Rhizosphere Soil of Codonopsis pilosula

Effects of continuous cropping on rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties, soil microbial activity, and community characteristics of Codonopsis pilosula were investigated. The C. pilosula plot(CK) fallow for five years and C. pilosula fields with different years of continuous cropping were studied using Illumina high-throughput sequencing technology combined with soil physical and chemical properties analysis. The response of rhizosphere soil physical and chemical properties, microbial activities, and microbial community characteristics to continuous cropping years of C. pilosula were investigated. The results were as follows:the contents of organic carbon, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, and salt in rhizosphere soil of C. pilosula increased with the extension of continuous cropping years. However, soil pH value decreased with the extension of continuous cropping years. Compared with that in the CK treatment, rhizosphere soil organic carbon content of C. pilosula in continuous cropping for one, two, three, and four years increased by 11.1%, 80.5%, 74.9%, and 78.2%, respectively. Total phosphorus content increased by 11.8%, 52.9%, 66.7%, and 78.4%, and total nitrogen content increased by 31.3%, 68.8%, 52.1%, and 56.3%, respectively. Soil salt content increased significantly under continuous cropping of three and four years, and soil conductivity increased by 54.2% and 84.7% compared with that in the CK treatment, respectively. The C/N ratio of microbial biomass in rhizosphere soil exhibited an increasing trend with the extension of continuous cropping years. Soil respiration entropy and microbial entropy showed a decreasing trend. With the increase in continuous cropping years, the diversity and abundance of bacteria in soil decreased, whereas the diversity and abundance of fungi increased. In addition, with the increase in continuous cropping years, the antagonistic effect between bacterial communities was enhanced, whereas the synergistic effect between fungal communities was mainly observed. Correlation analysis showed that soil total phosphorus, available potassium, carbon to nitrogen ratio of microbial biomass, soil respiration entropy, microbial biomass carbon, and electrical conductivity were the main factors affecting the changes in soil bacterial community characteristics. Soil total nitrogen, available potassium, available phosphorus, and soil respiration entropy were the main factors affecting the changes in fungal community characteristics. In conclusion, continuous cropping significantly changed the physical and chemical properties of soil and microbial activity and affected the abundance and diversity of bacteria and fungi in soil. This changed the interaction between microorganisms, which disrupted the stability of microbial communities in the soil.

Effects of continuous cropping on fungal community diversity and soil metabolites in soybean roots.

Microbial community imbalance is the main cause of soybean intercropping, but the mechanism of soybean soil fungal community diversity change induced by continuous cropping is still unclear. This study analyzes the fungal community diversity and the change of fungal communities in compartments of different root systems of intercropped soybeans by high-throughput sequencing (endosphere, rhizoplane, and rhizosphere) between continuous cropping and maize-soybean rotation. The results showed that the community composition and the diversity of compartments of different root systems of intercropped soybeans are different, and fungal diversities showed a decreasing trend from rhizosphere to endosphere. Continuous cropping significantly increased fungal community diversities in different root compartments and changed their formation, enrichment, and depletion processes. Continuous cropping brings about the enrichment of soil pathogens, but only partial soil pathogens could colonize from the rhizosphere to the endosphere. All these suggested that root compartments had selective effects on root-associated fungal community diversity. Additionally, metabolomics assay revealed that continuous cropping soybean markedly altered soil metabolic profiling. Correlation analysis results showed that fungal community diversity was significantly correlated with soil metabolites. To sum up, under different planting patterns, the diversity and the functional mode of soybean soil microbial community have changed. Continuous cropping has increased the abundance of pathogenic fungi in soybean soil, resulting in changes in the correlation between soil fungi and metabolites, and then changed the soil metabolic spectrum.IMPORTANCESoybean yield can be affected by soybean soil fungal communities in different tillage patterns. Soybean is an important food crop with great significance worldwide. Continuous cultivation resulted in soil nutrient deficiencies, disordered metabolism of root exudates, fungal pathogen accumulation, and an altered microbial community, which brought a drop in soybean output. In this study, taking the soybean agroecosystem in northeast China, we revealed the microbial ecology and soil metabolites spectrum, especially the diversity and composition of soil fungi and the correlation of pathogenic fungi, and discussed the mechanisms and the measures of alleviating the obstacles.

Effects of the Long-Term Continuous Cropping of Yongfeng Yam on the Bacterial Community and Function in the Rhizospheric Soil

Replant disease caused by continuous cropping commonly occurs in yam with consecutive monoculture. However, little is known about how the continuous cropping of yam affects the rhizospheric soil bacterial community structure. In this study, the effects of continuous cropping on rhizospheric soil characteristics, bacterial diversity, and community structure were investigated in the Yongfeng yam fields under monoculture for 1, 5, 10, 15, and 20 years. Long-term monoculture caused soil acidification and increased the concentration of available potassium (AK) and available phosphorus (AP), and soil bacterial richness, but decreased the soil bacterial diversity. An exception was for the field under monoculture for 20 years as it showed the highest bacterial diversity. The relative abundance of beneficial bacteria, such as Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Chloroflexi decreased while the relative abundance of harmful bacteria, including Gemmatimonadetes and Acidobacteria, increased with an extended continuous cultivation time. The networks varied among yams with different cultivation years and became complex with the increase in cultivation years. However, after time in monoculture, the bacterial network decreased gradually and existed stably. These changes in bacterial community composition and co-occurrence of networks may increase the potential risk of soil-borne disease and reduce the yield and quality of Yongfeng yam.

Comparative proteomic analysis reveals novel insights into the continuous cropping induced response in Scrophularia ningpoensis.

Scrophularia ningpoensis is a well-known medicinal crop. Continuous cropping seriously affects the yield and quality, but little is known about the influence of continuous cropping on metabolic pathways. In this study, the difference in protein abundance between continuous cropping and non-continuous cropping of S. ningpoensis roots was studied by proteomics, and the molecular mechanism that protects S. ningpoensis against continuous cropping was explored. The results suggested that continuous cropping in S, ningpoensis altered the expression of proteins related to starch and sucrose metabolism, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, pentose phosphate pathway, citric acid cycle, phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, monoterpenoid biosynthesis, sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis, and steroid biosynthesis. Among these processes, the most affected were phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism, which may be important for continuous cropping resistance. The effect of continuous cropping on S. ningpoensis was demonstrated at the proteome level in this work, and identified candidate proteins that may cause continuous cropping reactions. The paper provides the theoretical foundation and scientific reference for enhancing the continuous cropping resistance of S. ningpoensis. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.

Effects of Continuous Cropping on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth, Physiological Characters of Alfalfa

Background: Alfalfa crops are subject to intercalation when grown continuously on the same field, and autotoxicity appears to be another factor in this thinning. Alfalfa fields are often thinned out and have lower yields during consecutive production, and autotoxicity is increasingly found to be a major reason. Hence, Therefore, understanding the seed germination and seedling growth and physiological mechanisms of the alfalfa under continuous cropping system becomes important for sustainable the use of alfalfa grassland. Methods: The leaves, stem, root and rhizosphere soil of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L. cv ZhongMu No.1) were collected to determine the seedling growth germination index (GI) and vigor index(VI), physiological characters malondialdehyde (MDA), proline, Soluble sugar (SS), Soluble protein (SP), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). Result: The germination rate, germination potential, germination index (GI) and vigor index decreased with the increasing extract contents, particularly in leaf extracts. In the extract of plant and soil, the concentration of malondialdehyde altered indistinctly, while the contents of osmo-regulatory substances and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes generally decreased. Furthermore, the extract increased the seedling length of alfalfa and GI was negatively correlated with seedling growth characteristics.

Effects of Continuous Cropping and Two Alleviating Agents on Root Yield and Active Constituents of Salvia miltiorrhiza

Effects of Continuous Cropping and Two Alleviating Agents on Root Yield and Active Constituents of <i>Salvia miltiorrhiza</i>

Long-term watermelon continuous cropping leads to drastic shifts in soil bacterial and fungal community composition across gravel mulch fields

Despite the known influence of continuous cropping on soil microorganisms, little is known about the associated difference in the effects of continuous cropping on the community compositions of soil bacteria and fungi. Here, we assessed soil physicochemical property, as well as bacterial and fungal compositions across different years (Uncropped control, 1, 6, 11, 16, and 21 years) and in the watermelon system of a gravel mulch field in the Loess Plateau of China. Our results showed that long-term continuous cropping led to substantial shifts in soil bacterial and fungal compositions. The relative abundances of dominant bacterial and fungal genera (average relative abundance > 1.0%) significantly varied among different continuous cropping years (P < 0.05). Structural equation models demonstrated that continuous cropping alter soil bacterial and fungal compositions mainly by causing substantial variations in soil attributes. Variations in soil pH, nutrient, salinity, and moisture content jointly explained 73% and 64% of the variation in soil bacterial and fungal compositions, respectively. Variations in soil moisture content and pH caused by continuous cropping drove the shifts in soil bacterial and fungal compositions, respectively (Mantel R = 0.74 and 0.54, P < 0.01). Furthermore, the variation in soil bacterial and fungal composition showed significant correlation with watermelon yield reduction (P < 0.01). Together, long-term continuous cropping can alter soil microbial composition, and thereby influencing watermelon yield. Our findings are useful for alleviating continuous cropping obstacles and guiding agricultural production.

Effects of Continuous Cropping on Bacterial Community and Diversity in Rhizosphere Soil of Industrial Hemp: A Five-Year Experiment

Long-term continuous monoculture cultivation harms soil physicochemical and microbial communities in agricultural practices. However, little has been reported on the effect of continuous cropping of industrial hemp on bacterial community and diversity in the rhizosphere soil. Our study investigated the changes in physicochemical properties and bacterial communities of industrial hemp rhizosphere soils in different continuous cropping years. The results showed that continuous cropping would reduce soil pH and available phosphorus (AP), while electrical conductivity (EC), available nitrogen (AN), and available potassium (AK) would increase. Soil bacterial diversity and richness index decreased with continuous cropping years. At the same time, continuous cropping marked Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Gemmatimonadetes increase, and the Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria decreased. Moreover, we found that pH, AK, and AP were the critical factors associated with the changes in the abundance and structure of the bacterial community. Overall, our study first reported the effect of continuous cropping on the rhizosphere soil microflora of industrial hemp. The results can provide a theoretical basis for revealing the obstacle mechanism of continuous cropping of industrial hemp and contribute to the sustainable cultivation of industrial hemp in the future.

Impacts of continuous and rotational cropping practices on soil chemical properties and microbial communities during peanut cultivation

Long-term monocultures have severely inhibited the cultivation of Chinese peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In this study, the effects of continuous cropping on soil chemical properties and microbial communities were investigated in peanut fields that had been in crop rotation for 10 years and in monoculture for 10 years. The results found that long-term monoculture increased the activities of available potassium, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, soil organic matter, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase; while decreasing the activity of catalase. The diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungi is higher under continuous peanut cultivation. At the genus level, the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microflora genera was higher in the rhizosphere soil of rotational cropping than in continuous cropping, while the opposite was true for the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic fungal genera. Principal coordinates and cluster analysis indicated that continuous cropping altered the structure of the microbial community. The results of the functional predictions showed significant differences in the functioning of the rhizosphere microbial community between continuous and rotational cropping. In conclusion, long-term continuous cropping changed the chemical properties of the soil, altered the structure and function of the soil bacterial and fungal communities in peanut rhizosphere, which to some extent reduced the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbial genera and increased the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic fungal genera, thus increasing the potential risk of soil-borne diseases and reducing the yield and quality of peanut. Therefore, in the actual production process, attention should be paid not only to the application of chemical fertilizers, but also to crop rotation and the application of microbial fertilizers.

Effects of continuous cropping on tobacco-planting soil bacterial community diversity in typical tobaccogrowing areas of Yunnan Province

Effects of continuous cropping on tobacco-planting soil bacterial community diversity in typical tobaccogrowing areas of Yunnan Province

Effects of continuous cropping on Panax notoginseng growth, yield and saponins content

Effects of continuous cropping on Panax notoginseng growth, yield and saponins content

Effects of continuous cropping of Pinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. on soil physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial communities and functional genes

BackgroundPinellia ternata (Thunb.) Breit. is a commonly used herb in traditional Chinese medicine, and the main raw material of various Chinese patent medicines. Continuous cropping obstacle (CCO) is the main factor leading to the decline of crop yields and quality.MethodsMetagenomics sequencing technology was used to analyze the microbial community and functional genes of continuous cropping (CC) and control (CK) soils of P. ternata. In addition, differences in physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial community composition and the abundance of functional genes in CC and CK were evaluated, as well as the relationship between these factors and CCO.ResultsResults indicated that CC of P. ternata led to the decline of rhizosphere soil pH, nutrient imbalance and enzyme activity reduction. Metagenomic analysis indicted that CC also changed the composition of the microbial community, causing an increase in the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganisms such as Fusarium, Klebsiella oxytoca and Pectobacterium carotovorum in the P. ternata rhizosphere. The relative abundance of potentially beneficial Burkholderia and Bradyrhizobium was recorded to decrease. Results also showed that there were considerable differences in CC and CK about the abundances of functional genes related to soil enzymes and the degradation of P. ternata allelochemicals, as well as the microbial groups which they belong. These results clarified the effects of CC on the microbial community structure and functional genes of soil. In addition, Burkholderia and Bradyrhizobium might play important roles in enhancing soil fertility and reducing the toxicity of phenolic acids in rhizosphere soil.ConclusionsCC of P. ternata changed the physicochemical properties, microbial community and functional genes of rhizosphere soil. Burkholderia and Bradyrhizobium for enhancing soil fertility and reducing the toxicity of phenolic acids might be potentially beneficial. These results provide theoretical guidance for bioremediation of CCO soil of P. ternata and other staple crops.Graphic abstract

Effects of continuous cropping of sweet potatoes on the bacterial community structure in rhizospheric soil

BackgroundContinuous cropping obstacles from sweet potatoes are widespread, which seriously reduce the yield and quality, causing certain economic losses. Bacteria of rhizospheric soil are the richest and are associated with obstacles to continuous cropping. However, few studies have examined how continuous sweet potato cropping affects the rhizospheric soil bacterial community structure.ResultsIn the study, the Illumina MiSeq method was used to explore the variations inrhizospheric soil bacterial community structure of different sweet potato varieties after continuous cropping, as well as the correlation between soil characteristics and the bacterial community. The results showed that (1) the dominant bacterial phyla in rhizospheric soils from both Xushu 18 and Yizi 138 were Proteobacteria, Acidobacteria, and Actinobacteria. The most dominant genus was Subgroup 6_norank. The relative abundance of rhizospheric soil bacteria varied significantly between the two sweet potato varieties. (2) The richness and diversity indexes of bacteria were higher in Xushu 18 rhizospheric soil than in Yizi 138 soil after continuous cropping. Moreover, beneficial Lysobacter and Bacillus were more prevalent in Xushu 18, while Yizi 138 contained more harmful Gemmatimonadetes. (3) Soil pH decreased after continuous cropping, and redundancy analysis indicated that soil pH was significantly correlated with the bacterial community. Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient analysis demonstrated that pH was positively associated with Planctomycetes and Acidobacteria, but negatively associated with Actinobacteria and Firmicutes.ConclusionsAfter continuous cropping, the bacterial community structure and physicochemical properties of sweet potato rhizospheric soil were changed, and the changes from different sweet potato varieties were different. The contents of Lysobacter and Bacillus were higher in the sweet potato variety resistant to continuous cropping. It provides a basis for developing new microbial fertilizers for sweet potatoes to alleviate the continuous cropping obstacle.

Physiological effects of humic acid in peanut growing in continuous cropping soil

AbstractAlthough humic acid has been demonstrated to improve the yield of some crops, the long‐term effects of continuous cropping on peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) remain largely undetermined. In the present study, we aimed to compare the continuous effects of different concentrations of humic acid on the continuously cropped peanut. A 3‐yr experiment was conducted in the North China Plain. Treatments of 50 kg ha−1 (T1), 100 kg ha−1 (T2), and 150 kg ha−1 (T3) humic acid were applied with inorganic fertilizer along with the equal N, P, and K inputs. Compared with the control group, humic acid increased the yield and oxidative stress tolerance of continuously cropped peanut. To elucidate the mechanism, various physiological indicators were evaluated and compared in this study. First, humic acid increased chlorophyll content and the ability to incorporate nutrients, and the maximum effect was achieved by T3 in 2016. Second, the activities of nitrate reductase and sucrose phosphate synthase in peanut leaves were significantly increased after humic acid treatment, and the most increase was achieved by T2. Third, the activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content was reduced in 2016–2018 by T3, and the same effects were observed in roots and leaves. Fourth, the content of the hormone was changed after humic acid treatment. Collectively, humic acid improved the yield and tolerance of continuously cropped peanut due to the above‐mentioned four reasons, which were conducive to alleviating the obstacles of continuously cropped peanut.

Effect of transgenic cotton continuous cropping on soil bacterial community

PurposeIn agricultural practices, continuous cultivation of genetically modified crops with high commercial value has a definite impact on soil microbial diversity. Soil microorganisms directly define the operational degree and function realization of the soil ecosystem. To understand the safety of environmental release, we studied the effects of continuous cropping of transgenic cotton on the diversity of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil.MethodsWe have applied a high-throughput sequencing method and compared the bacterial community structure as well as diversity of rhizosphere soil of the transgenic cotton line (25C-1) and its parent cotton line (TH2).ResultStructural analysis of the bacterial community showed that Arthrobacter and Sphingomonas are significantly enriched after continuous cropping of transgenic cotton lines and had a positive impact on the soil’s ecological environment. Interestingly, parameters of the physical and chemical properties of soil used for the continuous cropping of the two cotton lines for 3 consecutive years show no detectable change, other than total nitrogen. Notably, Spearman’s correlation analysis suggests that total nitrogen is the key environmental factor that affects the bacterial community of the soil used to cultivate the transgenic cotton.ConclusionWe did not find a notable difference in species diversity between the two samples. However, the proportions of beneficial bacteria (Arthrobacter and Sphingomonas) increased and the total nitrogen content has changed in 3 years. These results provide necessary insights into the function and role of bacteria in transgenic cotton. This study will help future investigators assess the potential ecological risks of genetically modified plants.

Continuous cropping of soybean induced a more fluctuating fungal network and intensive pathogenic fungal interactions in a Mollisol of Northeast China

AbstractThe effects of continuous cropping and crop rotation of soybean on soil fungal communities have been intensively studied, but we know little about the network structure and interactions among the fungal species impacted by these two cropping systems in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. In this study, through the Molecular Ecological Network Analysis Pipeline (MENAP), we constructed fungal ecological networks for bulk and rhizosphere soils under continuous cropping (CC) of soybean and cropping rotation (CR) with maize. The results showed that the network structures and characteristics were largely different between the two cropping systems in both the bulk and rhizosphere soils. Compared with the CR, the CC had simplified network structures in the bulk and rhizosphere soils. In the bulk soil, compared with the CR, CC formed a more stable network, which was resistant to environmental disturbance, but opposite trend was detected in the rhizosphere soil. More cooperative interactions among fungal species were found in CC than those in CR for both bulk and rhizosphere soils. Some functional fungi annotated to potentially pathogenic modes with highest node degree were found in CC network of rhizosphere soil, which had positive interactions with potentially pathogenic fungi and negative interactions with beneficial fungi. Taken together, continuous cropping of soybean weakened fungal network structure and strengthened the positive interactions among potentially pathogenic fungi in the rhizosphere soil.

Transcriptome profiling reveals metabolic alteration in Andrographis paniculata in response to continuous cropping

Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees is one of the most important economic crops for its various medicinal properties, which has been widely used as medicinal herb in several folk medicine systems all over the world. A. paniculata suffers from continuous cropping problem in cultivation; however, effects of continuous cropping on A. paniculata and the underlying mechanism at molecular level are rarely understood. In this study, Illumina paired-end RNA-seq was performed for de novo transcriptome construction of A. paniculata leaf with or without 2-years continuous cropping, to identify gene expression in response to continuous cropping stress. A total of 43,683 Unigenes were obtained by de novo assembly of 231.53 million paired-end clean reads. RNA-seq based gene expression profiling showed a total of 6193 Unigenes was significantly up-/down-regulated after continuous cropping. Integrating the GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that A. paniculata could alter enzyme genes expression to adjust the complicated metabolic pathways to tolerate the continuous cropping stress. Specially, accorded with the downtrend of active component contents in A. paniculata, majority of genes involved in the terpenoids biosynthesis, phenylpropanoid biosynthesis and flavonoids biosynthesis pathways were down-regulated, indicating that continuous cropping led to a declined synthesis of active ingredients through repressing the expression levels of genes involved in these metabolites’ biosynthesis pathways. The transcriptome profiling will deepen the understanding of A. paniculata under continuous cropping stress at transcriptional level, and provide useful genomic resource for further interpretation on the regulation mechanism.

Imbalanced Soil Chemical Properties and Mineral Nutrition in Relation to Growth and Yield Decline of Sesame on Different Continuously Cropped Upland Fields Converted Paddy

Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is an important oilseed crop, but is negatively affected by continuous cropping. There is still a lack of information on the effect of continuous cropping on soil chemical properties and mineral nutrition related to sesame growth and yield decline. Therefore, we investigated sesame growth and yield, nutrient concentration and soil chemical properties on five fields with continuous cropping history: non-continuous cropping (Year 0) and durations of two, four, five and six years on an upland field converted paddy in Tottori, Japan. Results show that plant height significantly decreased by 18.76%, 15.22%, and 13.64% in the Year 4, Year 5 and Year 6 fields, respectively, compared to Year 0. The effect of continuous cropping was more pronounced on the 1000-seed weight decline than seed yield. Compared to Year 0, seed yield decreased by 52.86% in Year 2 with no significant differences among the Year 2, Year 4, Year 5 and Year 6 fields, whereas the 1000-seed weight decreased by 6.68% and 12.20% in the Year 2 and Year 5 fields, respectively, compared to Year 0. Plant leaf tissue N concentration significantly decreased in the Year 2, Year 4 and Year 6 fields compared to Year 0, whereas leaf tissue K concentration decreased in the Year 6 field. The increase in duration of continuous cropping years gradually altered soil chemical properties. Soil pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg and cation exchange capacity (CEC) gradually increased in the long duration of continuous cropping, whereas total N and C, exchangeable NH4+-N, urease, dehydrogenase and catalase activities decreased. Our study suggested that the decrease in soil available N and enzyme activities, and decrease in K nutrition due to competitive ion effect as a result of increase in soil Ca and Mg could possibly contribute to the growth and yield decline of continuous sesame on upland field converted paddy.

Composition and diversity of rhizosphere fungal community in Coptis chinensis Franch. continuous cropping fields.

In this study, effects of continuous cropping on soil properties, enzyme activities, and relative abundance, community composition and diversity of fungal taxa were investigated. Rhizosphere soil from field continuously cropped for one-year, three-year and five-year by Coptis chinensis Franch. was collected and analyzed. Illumina high-throughput sequencing analysis showed that continuous cropping of C. chinensis resulted in a significant and continuous decline in the richness and diversity of soil fungal population. Ascomycota, Zygomycota, Basidiomycota, and Glomeromycota were the dominant phyla of fungi detected in rhizosphere soil. Fungal genera such as Phoma, Volutella, Pachycudonia, Heterodermia, Gibberella, Cladosporium, Trichocladium, and Sporothrix, were more dominant in continuously cropped samples for three-year and five-year compared to that for one-year. By contrast, genera, such as Zygosaccharomyces, Pseudotaeniolina, Hydnum, Umbelopsis, Humicola, Crustoderma, Psilocybe, Coralloidiomyces, Mortierella, Polyporus, Pyrenula, and Monographella showed higher relative abundance in one-year samples than that in three-year and five-year samples. Cluster analysis of the fungal communities from three samples of rhizosphere soil from C. chinensis field revealed that the fungal community composition, diversity, and structure were significantly affected by the continuous cropping. Continuous cropping of C. chinensis also led to significant declines in soil pH, urease, and catalase activities. Redundancy analysis showed that the soil pH had the most significant effect on soil fungal population under continuous cropping of C. chinensis.