Abstract
Long-term monocultures have severely inhibited the cultivation of Chinese peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). In this study, the effects of continuous cropping on soil chemical properties and microbial communities were investigated in peanut fields that had been in crop rotation for 10 years and in monoculture for 10 years. The results found that long-term monoculture increased the activities of available potassium, available phosphorus, available nitrogen, soil organic matter, urease, acid phosphatase and catalase; while decreasing the activity of catalase. The diversity and abundance of soil bacteria and fungi is higher under continuous peanut cultivation. At the genus level, the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microflora genera was higher in the rhizosphere soil of rotational cropping than in continuous cropping, while the opposite was true for the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic fungal genera. Principal coordinates and cluster analysis indicated that continuous cropping altered the structure of the microbial community. The results of the functional predictions showed significant differences in the functioning of the rhizosphere microbial community between continuous and rotational cropping. In conclusion, long-term continuous cropping changed the chemical properties of the soil, altered the structure and function of the soil bacterial and fungal communities in peanut rhizosphere, which to some extent reduced the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbial genera and increased the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic fungal genera, thus increasing the potential risk of soil-borne diseases and reducing the yield and quality of peanut. Therefore, in the actual production process, attention should be paid not only to the application of chemical fertilizers, but also to crop rotation and the application of microbial fertilizers.
Highlights
Long-term monocultures have severely inhibited the cultivation of Chinese peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Reports have suggested that plant-microbial community interactions play a vital role in crop health, few reports have simultaneously researched the effects of continuous cropping on the structure and potential function of the bacterial and fungal communities of peanut rhizosphere soil
After filtering reads according to basic quality control and the removal of a single operational taxonomic units (OTUs), 758,780 sequences were obtained from 12 samples, including 3,611 bacterial OTUs
Summary
Long-term monocultures have severely inhibited the cultivation of Chinese peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.). The effects of continuous cropping on soil chemical properties and microbial communities were investigated in peanut fields that had been in crop rotation for 10 years and in monoculture for 10 years. Long-term continuous cropping changed the chemical properties of the soil, altered the structure and function of the soil bacterial and fungal communities in peanut rhizosphere, which to some extent reduced the relative abundance of potentially beneficial microbial genera and increased the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic fungal genera, increasing the potential risk of soil-borne diseases and reducing the yield and quality of peanut. It was hypothesized that long-term consecutive monoculture in peanuts may directly influence the soil microbial community and its chemical properties and may further negatively affect plant growth. The relationship between the rhizosphere microbial community structure and the obstacles to continuous peanut cropping was discussed, providing a theoretical basis for its control
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