Effects Of Contextual Factors Research Articles

Towards Examining the Effects of Cultural and Contextual Factors on Ethical Signaling in Digital Public Relations (PR)

The transition of Public Relations (PR) practices from conventional to digital resources can be observed. Despite these platforms catering to the primary needs of Communication, they also necessitate a need for ethical practices to avail maximum benefit from them. This research also focused on the effect of cultural and contextual factors on how ethical behavior is considered in digital public relations practices in Kuwait. Data was gathered from 267 Public Relations (PR) practitioners through Qualitrics.com and analyzed using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results revealed that Cultural Factors significantly affect Digital Signaling in Public Relations Practices, indicating respondents practice communication relying on their perceptions about Public Relations (PR) practices, privacy disclosure, and the guidelines provided by their organizations. Further, the effect of Contextual Factors also remained significant, showing the impact of organizational social media policy, guidelines, and training on the Public Relations (PR) practices among them. Besides, ethical approaches regarding socially responsible behavior, client-centred approaches, and organizational monitoring of PR practices also remained prominent. It is concluded that digital signaling holds a growing significance in Public Relations practices. It is important to skillfully navigate the factors affecting these practices to uphold ethical standards and ensure meaningful engagement with stakeholders. Hence, skillfully cultivating cultural and contextual facets remains crucial for sustaining ethics and driving effective stakeholder involvement as the digital sphere evolves within contemporary Public Relations.

Impact of organisational facilitators and perceived HR effectiveness on acceptance of AI-augmented HRM: an integrated TAM and TPB perspective

PurposeDrawing on the integrative perspective of the technology acceptance model (TAM) and theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and extending it further by examining the role of organisational facilitators and perceived HR effectiveness in this integrative perspective, we examine HR professionals’ AI-augmented HRM (HRM(AI)) acceptance in this research.Design/methodology/approachThe data (N=375) were collected from HR professionals working in different organisations in India. Structural equation modelling (SEM) was employed to analyse the data.FindingsThe results of the study suggest that along with organisational facilitator antecedents to the relevant components of both TAM and TPB, perceived HR effectiveness also enhanced the HRM(AI) acceptance levels of HR professionals.Practical implicationsThe research findings are expected to contribute to the understanding of the factors that influence the acceptance of AI-augmented HRM in organizations. The results may also help organisations to identify the facilitators that can enhance the adoption and implementation of AI-augmented HRM by HR professionals. Finally, the study provides a composite TAM-TPB theoretical framework that can guide future research on the acceptance of AI-augmented HRM.Originality/valueTo the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to factor in the effect of contextual factors (i.e. organisational facilitators and perceived HR effectiveness) in the TAM and TPB equations.

Effect of contextual factors on the prevalence of diagnostic errors among patients managed by physicians of the same specialty: a single-centre retrospective observational study

BackgroundThere has been growing recognition that contextual factors influence the physician’s cognitive processes. However, given that cognitive processes may depend on the physicians’ specialties, the effects of contextual factors on...

Translating digital healthcare to enhance clinical management: a protocol for an observational study using a digital health technology system to monitor medication adherence and its effect on mobility in people with Parkinson’s

IntroductionIn people with Parkinson’s (PwP) impaired mobility is associated with an increased falls risk. To improve mobility, dopaminergic medication is typically prescribed, but complex medication regimens result in suboptimal adherence....

The Effects of Contextual Factors on Hospital Chaplains: A Qualitative Study

Critical questions arise about how contextual factors affect hospital chaplains. We interviewed 23 chaplains in-depth. Hospitals’ religious or other institutional affiliation, geography, and leadership can influence chaplains both explicitly/directly and implicitly/indirectly—for example, in types/amounts of support chaplains receive, scope of chaplains’ roles/activities, amounts/types of chaplains’ interactions, chaplains' views of their roles and freedom to innovate, and patients’, families’ and other providers’ perceptions/expectations regarding spiritual care. These data have critical implications for research, practice, and education.

Estar+ILP

Abstract A sentence like María está muy guapa (‘María looks very pretty’) attributes the property of being pretty to María but also conveys the assumption that the state-of-affairs described is based on direct experience. Several explanatory hypotheses are found in the literature to account for this fact: (i) experientiality is a property of the copula estar; (ii) experientiality is an effect of contextual factors; and (iii) experientiality is the result of resolving the aspectual mismatch produced by combining estar with an Individual-Level Predicate (ILP). To test the predictions of these hypotheses, a comprehension-based survey was carried out. Participants were given isolated copular sentences with estar followed by either an ILP or an SLP (Stage-Level Predicate). Using a 5-point Likert scale, they had to rate how likely it was that the utterer had direct experience about the quality s/he was asserting. The results show a significant preference for the experiential interpretation in estar+ILP, an outcome that is consistent only with the hypothesis that the linguistic mismatch found in estar+ILP is enough to induce the accommodation of a direct experience presupposition.

Effects of Contextual Factors on Digital Transformation Success of Public Insurance and Guarantee Company in Indonesia

Effects of Contextual Factors on Digital Transformation Success of Public Insurance and Guarantee Company in Indonesia

Exploring the pro-environmental behavioral intention of Generation Z in the tourism context: the role of injunctive social norms and personal norms

The present research attempts to understand whether the members of Generation Z are willing to opt for sustainable transportation modes or book an eco-friendly hotel while they are planning a journey. On the theoretical side, this research assumes a normative perspective to investigate the two-abovementioned pro-environmental behaviors. Specifically, the injunctive social norms construct is integrated with the norm activation model to evaluate both the effect of contextual factors and intrinsic/personal motivations. To collect data a survey was distributed online. A total of 785 young Italians aged between 15 and 24 participated in this research. Descriptive statistics, crosstabs, and structural equation modelling were performed to analyze data. Results show that personal norms constitute the main predictor. Injunctive social norms exert a positive effect on Generation Z’s intention to opt for sustainable transportation modes both directly and indirectly through personal norms. Injunctive social norms do not have a significant direct effect on the intention to choose an eco-friendly hotel. However, injunctive social norms influence Generation Z’s intention to choose an eco-friendly hotel indirectly through personal norms.

Antecedents of mobile banking app adoption during COVID19: A perspective of Jordanian consumer

The effect of contextual factors namely information quality, service quality, system quality, Technological readiness, trust in applications (app) and COVID-19 health anxiety, on the intention and consequently the actual use of Mobile Payment (MP) app was examined in this study. Trust, as mediator to the relationship between technological readiness and intention to use MB-app was examined also. Data were obtained from 740 Jordanian Mobile Banking (MB) app users through an online survey. The relationship between service quality, system quality, information quality, trust in the app, COVID-19 health anxiety, Technological readiness and the intentions to use MB-app and the actual use of MB-app was empirically examined. The results showed a positive relationship between service quality, system quality, information quality, trust in the app and COVID-19 health anxiety, and the intentions to use MB-app, and in turn he actual use of MB-app, and a positive mediation of trust on the relationship between COVID-19 health anxiety and the intentions to use MB-app.

Exploring contextual factors for pre-service teachers teaching with technology through planning, teaching, and reflecting

Teaching with technology is a required skill for today’s teachers and the technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK) is a commonly used framework that is used to assess the effective usage of this skill. In this framework, teachers’ knowledge is assessed under various individual and blended knowledge domains. The effect of contextual factors on TPACK is a relatively recent focal point of this framework. Therefore, this study investigates pre-service teachers’ enactment of different TPACK domains and interprets the results according to contextual factors that underlie their decisions and their knowledge levels. For this purpose, a case study involving four pre-service teachers was conducted. The contextual factors are extracted from the pre-service teachers’ reflection and teaching philosophy statements. Then their demonstration of TPACK levels are found both during planning and teaching stages. The results indicate that pre-service teachers with low TPACK enactment are mostly preoccupied with contextual elements related to practical concerns, whereas those with higher levels exhibited a greater degree of contextual elements related to beliefs and external priorities. It was also found that this latter group’s planning and teaching artifacts are more balanced with respect to TPACK levels, whereas a more significant drop in TPACK levels from planning to teaching was observed for the former group.

Use of implementation science to advance family planning programs in low- and middle-income countries: Asystematic review.

As environmental and economic pressures converge with demands to achieve sustainability development goals, low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) increasingly require strategies to strengthen and scale-up evidence-based practices (EBP) related to family planning (FP). Implementation science (IS) can help these efforts. The purpose of this article is to elucidate patterns in the use of IS in FP research and identify ways to maximize the potential of IS to advance FP in LMIC. We conducted a systematic review that describes how IS concepts and principles have been operationalized in LMIC FP research published from 2007-2021. We searched six databases for implementation studies of LMIC FP interventions. Our review synthesizes the characteristics of implementation strategies and research efforts used to enhance the performance of FP-related EBP in these settings, identifying gaps, strengths and lessons learned. Four-hundred and seventy-two studies were eligible for full-text review. Ninety-two percent of studies were carried out in one region only, whereas 8 percent were multi-country studies that took place across multiple regions. 37 percent of studies were conducted in East Africa, 21 percent in West and Central Africa, 19 percent in Southern Africa and South Asia, respectively, and fewer than 5 percent in other Asian countries, Latin America and Middle East and North Africa, respectively. Fifty-four percent were on strategies that promoted individuals' uptake of FP. Far fewer were on strategies to enhance the coverage, implementation, spread or sustainability of FP programs. Most studies used quantitative methods only and evaluated user-level outcomes over implementation outcomes. Thirty percent measured processes and outcomes of strategies, 15 percent measured changes in implementation outcomes, and 31 percent report on the effect of contextual factors. Eighteen percent reported that they were situated within decision-making processes to address locally identified implementation issues. Fourteen percent of studies described measures to involve stakeholders in the research process. Only 7 percent of studies reported that implementation was led by LMIC delivery systems or implementation partners. IS has potential to further advance LMIC FP programs, although its impact will be limited unless its concepts and principles are incorporated more systematically. To support this, stakeholders must focus on strategies that address a wider range of implementation outcomes; adapt research designs and blend methods to evaluate outcomes and processes; and establish collaborative research efforts across implementation, policy, and research domains. Doing so will expand opportunities for learning and applying new knowledge in pragmatic research paradigms where research is embedded in usual implementation conditions and addresses critical issues such as scale up and sustainability of evidence-informed FP interventions.Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier: CRD42020199353.

Making implementation science more real

Implementation science in healthcare aims to understand how to get evidence into practice. Once this is achieved in one setting, it becomes increasingly difficult to replicate elsewhere. The problem is often attributed to differences in context that influence how and whether implementation strategies work. We argue that realist research paradigms provide a useful framework to express the effect of contextual factors within implementation strategy causal processes. Realist studies are theory-driven evaluations that focus on understanding how and why interventions work under different circumstances. They consider the interaction between contextual circumstances, theoretical mechanisms of change and the outcomes they produce, to arrive at explanations of conditional causality (i.e., what tends to work, for whom, under what circumstances). This Commentary provides example applications using preliminary findings from a large realist implementation study of system-wide value-based healthcare initiatives in New South Wales, Australia. If applied judiciously, realist implementation studies may represent a sound approach to help optimise delivery of the right care in the right setting and at the right time.

Lernersprache, Aufgabe und Modalität: Beobachtungen zu Texten aus dem Schweizer Lernerkorpus SWIKO

Abstract This chapter introduces the multilingual Swiss learner corpus SWIKO while also exploring effects of contextual factors on teenage learner productions in instructed foreign language settings. Corpus-based language acquisition research relies on learner language data usually elicited through a range of tasks. However, task characteristics and conditions may influence the extent to which learners can demonstrate their language competences. To tackle this challenge, careful attention was devoted to the systematic variation of parameters (eight different tasks, solved orally or by writing, in the language of schooling or one or two foreign languages, or paper- or computer-based). These are first discussed in light of the overall composition of our corpus. We then focus on the German sub-corpus, reporting findings regarding text length, lexical diversity, and cross-linguistic influence. Our analyses reveal both quantitative and qualitative differences depending on task type and modality, and show large intra- as well as interindividual variation among learners. Despite the limitation of a (currently) small oral data set, these initial findings emphasize the crucial role of contextual factors in data collection and raise concerns about the generalizability and comparability of basic-level learner productions.

Experience of economic hardship and right-wing political orientation hinder climate concern among European young people

ABSTRACT While there is extensive literature about public concern about climate change, most studies rely on cross-sectional static data. Based on a unique panel survey conducted in nine European countries in 2018 and 2019, we make a rare investigation of factors that explain why some young people (age: 18–34 years) are, have become or have lost their concern about climate and environmental issues at times of widespread discussions about the climate emergency. The analysis tests argument about the importance of individual-level factors such as values and political orientations and consider the role of cross-national variations, the experience of extreme weather events and youth-led climate strikes. Our results support prior studies as we find that young people with libertarian rather than authoritarian values, with more positive views towards immigration and redistribution policies, tend to be more concerned about climate change and the environment. We find little effect of contextual factors. Young people who have experienced economic hardship and have a right-wing political orientation are less likely to become concerned for climate and environmental issues. Socio-economic conditions, values and political orientations are crucial to understanding climate concern among young Europeans, affecting youth climate engagement at times of increasing inequalities and polarization.

The Effects of Contextual Factors, Self-Efficacy and Motivation on Learners' Adaptability to Blended Learning in College English: A Structural Equation Modeling Approach.

ObjectiveFew research efforts have substantially introduced relevant studies on Chinese students’ adaptability in relation to the ineffectiveness of blended learning mode in College English. This study is guided by social cognitive theory, and related literature has been reviewed concerning adaptability. In this study, we aim to examine the involved relationships among contextual factors, self-efficacy, motivation, and adaptability to blended learning mode among non-English majored Chinese learners in the College English course.MethodsThe quantitative research method was employed in this study, and 595 respondents were eventually collected to enable the data analysis. The structural equation modeling (SEM) approach was used to analyze the data.Results(1) The non-English majored learners’ adaptability to blended learning mode in College English was at a low level with a mean value of 2.26, indicating that students still suffer difficulties from class conducted in blended learning; (2) the fit indices were at the level of good fit, and it suggested the structural model had an overall good fit to the data as shown: x2/df = 2.496, RMESA = 0.050, GFI = 0.956, AGFI = 0.936, NFI = 0.968, RFI = 0.959, IFI = 0.980, TLI = 0.975, CFI = 0.980; (3) adaptability was positively related to contextual factors, self-efficacy, and motivation (p < 0.001); (4) contextual factors exerted an indirect effect on the adaptability not only through the separate mediating role of self-efficacy and motivation, but through the chain mediating role of self-efficacy and motivation (p < 0.01).ImplicationsThis study theoretically extends previous studies on adaptability by investigating the affecting factors in the framework of social cognitive theory. More practically important is that this study sheds light on the impact mechanism of positive and enjoyable environment, self-efficacy and motivation on non-English majored learners’ adaptability to blended learning mode in English course, which would provide a vital insight for administrators and College English instructors to reconsider the role of learners’ responses in the mixed mode to improve their English achievement more effectively, as well as to enhance and promote their user experience of the offered blended learning service.

The association between resilience resources, contextual factors and mental health status: a national population-based study

BackgroundAlthough a range of risk factors have been linked with poor mental health across the population, the underlying pathways leading to mental ill health remain unclear. There is a need to investigate the effects and interplay of both protective and risk factors. This population-based study aimed to explore the effects of individual and contextual factors on mental health status. Record-linkage was implemented between health and lifestyle data drawn from HealthWise Wales (HWW), a national population health survey of people > 16 years who live or access their healthcare in Wales, and treatment data from primary healthcare records. Mental health status was assessed using three different measures, including the self-reported MHI-5 and WEMWBS scales and mental health treatment in electronic healthcare records (EHR).ResultUsing cross-sectional data from 27,869 HWW participants aged over 16 years, lifestyle factors, resilience, social cohesion and neighbourhood attraction were associated with mental health across all measures. However, compared to contextual factors, the cluster of individual factors was more closely associated with poor mental health, explaining more of the variance across all measures used (MHI-5: 9.8% versus 5.4%; WEMWBS: 15.9% versus 10.3%; EHR: 5.5% versus 3.0%). Additional analysis on resilience sub-constructs indicated that personal skills were the most closely correlated with poorer mental health.ConclusionMental health status was more closely linked with individual factors across the population than contextual factors. Interventions focusing on improving individual resilience and coping skills could improve mental health outcomes and reduce the negative effect of contextual factors such as negative neighbourhood perceptions.

Risk Profiles of Korean Adolescents in Relations With Contextual Factors: Implications for Multi-Tiered Systems of Support.

IntroductionAlthough prior studies have supported the effectiveness of Multi-Tiered Systems of Support (MTSS) on addressing social, emotional, behavioral, and academic challenges faced by youth at-risk, educators using MTSS often do not consider contextual factors which may also influence youth at-risk and the interventions targeting them. This study thus aimed to identify youth at-risk who should be referred to targeted instructions within MTSS by examining the risk profiles of Korean adolescents. Based on the identified risk profiles, we also tried to investigate the effect of contextual factors on deciding youth at-risk and confirm whether and/or what contextual factors should be considered when implementing targeted interventions for them.MethodTo accomplish the research goal, a latent profile analysis on risk factors of Korean adolescents was performed, using the first year data of “Korean Children and Youth Panel Study (KCYPS) 2018.”ResultsFour risk profiles were identified, using low academic motivation, low academic behavior, attention deficit, aggression, social withdrawal, and depression as indicators: the high risk, M-SEB (Moderate-social, emotional, & behavioral) risk, M-ACA (Moderate-academic) risk, and low risk group. The covariates of this study, home and school environmental variables, worked as predictors of adolescents included in the high group.ConclusionThe results of this study suggest students in the high risk group (16.8%) should be given targeted instructions combining academic and SEB support within MTSS so as to prevent negative outcomes in the future among all adolescents. Those instructions need to be planned with consideration of contextual factors accompanied by teacher's careful understanding of social dynamics surrounding each student.

Magnitude and factors associated with intimate partner violence against pregnant women in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of 2016 Ethiopian demographic and health survey

BackgroundIntimate partner violence (IPV) is defined as acts of physical aggression, sexual coercion, psychological/emotional abuse, or controlling behaviors by a current or former partner or spouse. IPV has a special concern for pregnant women since it leads to higher rates of miscarriage, several complications including adverse birth outcomes. So far, the effect of contextual factors on IPV was largely overlooked. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the magnitude and factors associated with IPV among pregnant women in Ethiopia.MethodData from the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey was used for this study. A total of 4167 (weighted sample) pregnant women were included in the analysis. The multi-level logistic regression model was fitted to identify factors associated with IPV. Finally, the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% CI and random effects for the multilevel logistic regression model was reported.ResultsIn this study, the overall magnitude of IPV among pregnant women was 28.74 (95% CI 27.38, 30.13) with emotional violence being the most common (24.09%) type. In the multi-level analysis, women with no education (AOR = 2.07; 95%CI 1.23, 3.48), primary education (AOR = 2.04; 95%CI:1.24, 3.38), and secondary education (AOR = 1.53; 95%CI:1.29.2.62), women from households with poorest (AOR = 1.72; 95%CI: 1.16, 2.56), poorer (AOR = 1.62;95% CI:1.09, 2.41), middle (AOR = 1.74;95%CI:1.17, 2.56), and richer (AOR = 1.58;95%CI: 1.08, 2.33) wealth index, women aged 35–39 years (AOR = 1.28;95%CI:1.01, 1.63) and 40–49 years (AOR = 1.78;95%CI:1.28, 2.45) and those from pastoral (AOR = 1.47;95%CI:1.04, 1.93) and agrarian regions (AOR = 1.32;95%CI 1.02, 1.88) had a higher likelihood of having IPV. Of the partner-related factors, women with husbands who drink alcohol (AOR = 2.94; 95%CI: 2.36, 3.42) and secondary educational level (AOR = 1.47; 95%CI 1.02, 2.12) had higher odds of experiencing IPV during pregnancy.ConclusionIntimate partner violence during pregnancy is a public health problem in Ethiopia. Therefore, improving the educational status of women and their husbands, improving the economic capacity of women, and promoting the healthy behavior of husbands by reducing the alcohol consumption in those agrarian and pastoral regions of Ethiopia is vital to reduce the magnitude of IPV.

Links Between Early-Life Contextual Factors and Later-Life Cognition and the Role of Educational Attainment

Educational attainment is a well-documented predictor of later-life cognition, but less is known about upstream contextual factors. This study aimed to identify which early-life contextual factors uniquely predict later-life global cognition and whether educational attainment mediates these relationships. Participants were drawn from the Michigan Cognitive Aging Project (N=461; Mage=63.51; SDage=3.13; 50% non-Hispanic Black). School-level contextual factors included U.S. region during elementary school (Midwest, South, Northeast), racial diversity of school (mostly White, mostly Black, diverse), self-reported education quality, and school type (public versus private). Household-level contextual factors included mother’s and/or father’s education, number of adults (1, 2, 3+), and number of children. Later-life global cognition was operationalized with a composite score derived from a comprehensive neuropsychological battery. A mediation model controlling for sociodemographics estimated total, direct, and indirect effects of contextual factors through educational attainment (years). Lower education quality, attending a mostly Black or diverse school, attending a public school, and reporting three or more adults in the household were each associated with lower cognition. After accounting for educational attainment, associations remained for education quality, school type, and reporting three or more adults in the household. Indirect effects through educational attainment were observed for elementary school region, education quality, racial diversity of school, and mother’s education. School context appears to more consistently predict later-life cognition than household context, highlighting the potential long-term benefits of school-level interventions for cognitive aging. Future research should consider causal relationships among household-level and school-level contextual factors, as well as additional mediators beyond educational attainment.

Barriers and drivers for the adoption of industrial sustainability measures in European SMEs: Empirical evidence from chemical and metalworking sectors

As industrial sustainability measures and interventions play a central role in enhancing the sustainability performance in industrial firms, it is of great importance to properly understand the factors that might influence the decision-making process leading to their adoption, namely barriers and drivers. However, there is scarce empirical literature discussing barriers and drivers to industrial sustainability as well as the effect of contextual factors or of the firm's approach towards sustainability issues. For this reason, we conducted an exploratory investigation in 26 small and medium enterprises operating in the chemical and metalworking manufacturing sectors across Germany and Italy. Our preliminary findings show that the sampled firms are mainly hindered by economic barriers and fostered by external drivers. The investigation highlighted the influence of the contextual factors sector, country, and size on the perception of barriers and drivers. Moreover, the presence of a dedicated manager for sustainability, the number of certifications held by a firm, and a holistic definition of sustainability, seem to affect the barriers and drivers perceived by the sampled industrial decision-makers. The paper concludes by offering insights to both theoretical and practical discussion over the adoption of industrial sustainability measures, while also providing additional knowledge to practitioners and policy makers on critical areas for the improvement of industrial sustainability.