Effects Of Conscientiousness Research Articles

Relationships between Five-Factor Personality Model and Anxiety: The Effect of Conscientiousness on Anxiety

The purpose of this study is to examine the relation between anxiety and the Big Five personality traits, especially conscientiousness and extraversion. Methods: 121 participants aged 13 - 55 (M = 31.94) were evaluated anxiety levels using the BIS scale of anxiety; for conscientiousness and extraversion, they were measured by Big-Five Factor Markers. Results: There was a significant negative correlation between anxiety and conscientiousness; The results also showed that 1) While considering the multivariate model, conscientiousness and extraversion did not have independent effects on anxiety; a mediation effect existed. 2) There existed an interaction effect between conscientiousness and extraversion: for people who were high on extraversion, conscientiousness was less strongly related to anxiety. Conclusion: Results suggested that a small amount of variance in anxiety can be explained by conscientiousness and extraversion.

Who Will Continue Using MOOCs in the Future? Personality Traits Perspective

Personality traits may play a significant role in understanding human-computer interactions. This research adopted the personality traits perspective to explain the variances in the intention to continue using MOOCs (ICM), taking motivational and cultural aspects into account. The research used system justification and psychological reactance theories to hypothesize these relationships. It analyzed professional adults from a High-Power Distance context (i.e., Saudi Arabia, n=212) and a Low Power Distance context (i.e., Spain, n=136) using Structural Equation Modelling. Power distance comes as a negative moderator on the impact of internal motivation in the ICM and of extraversion in ICM, and the mediated effect of the internal motivation on the relationship between agreeableness and ICM. However, it comes as a positive moderator on the effect of extraversion in internal motivation and the effect of conscientiousness in the ICM. This research has several implications regarding the design of MOOCs for different personalities in dissimilar cultures.

CONSCIENTIOUSNESS, ACTIVITY ENGAGEMENT AND MOMENTARY AFFECT IN OLDEST-OLD ADULTHOOD

Participation in meaningful activities may be particularly important for late life well-being. We examined associations of moment to moment variability in meaningful activity engagement with positive and negative affect in the daily lives of oldest-old adults. Moderating effects of conscientiousness on meaning-affect associations were also examined considering recent theorising that late life declines in conscientiousness could reflect adaptive self-regulatory processes. Participants were 73 adults aged 84 and above from the Australian Longitudinal Study of Aging Daily Life Time-Sampling (ADuLTS) study, who provided self-report data on activity engagement (including ratings of meaning and degree of challenge associated with activities) and affect on five occasions per day over seven days. Within-person variability in meaningful activity engagement was associated with positive and negative affect; however, these associations were conditional upon the extent to which activities were rated as challenging. Specifically, positive affect tended to be lower on occasions when activities were rated as less meaningful, but also more challenging. Similarly, negative affect was rated as lower on occasions when activities were regarded as more meaningful, and at the same time less challenging. Participants who were higher in conscientiousness reported higher overall positive affect, and associations of higher conscientiousness with lower momentary negative affect were evident on occasions when activities were rated as more challenging. Engagement in meaningful activity is associated with higher positive, and lower negative affect in late life, with these associations dependent on the extent to which activities are challenging. Findings are discussed in the context of self-regulatory perspectives on adaptation.

Exploring the Mediating Role of Oral Health between Personality Traits and the Psychosocial Impact of Dental Aesthetics among Healthy Older People

This study aimed at exploring the mediating role of oral health in the relationships between personality traits and psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics among the elderly. The sample included 119 older adults (Mage = 68.89 SD = 9.75, 51 males) who were assessed through a self-report measure evaluating personality traits, the self-perceived impact of oral health on well-being and quality of life, and the self-perceived impact of dental aesthetics on daily living. Descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations and path coefficients were computed. Findings showed the mediating role of self-perceived oral health, given the positive indirect effects of neuroticism on social and psychological impact and aesthetic concern, and the negative indirect effects of conscientiousness on social impact and aesthetic concern. The interrelationships between personality traits and oral health in predicting psychosocial impact of dental aesthetics in elderly underline the usefulness of a patient-centered approach that clinicians should adopt to improve a healthcare system.

815-P: Eating Behaviors, Personality Traits, and Diabetes Fatalism: Predictors of HbA1c in Type 2 Diabetes

The effect of eating behavior and personality on glycemic outcomes in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) has received little attention. Diabetes fatalism has furthermore been associated with uncontrolled glycemia. The aim of the present study is to explore the interrelationship of these constructs, which might uncover new insights for diabetes management. A total of 333 Lebanese patients (Age: 59 ± 13 years, 50.2% M) with T2DM were recruited. Eating behaviours (Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire), personality traits (NEO Five-Factor Inventory-3), and diabetes related fatalistic attitudes (Diabetes Fatalism Scale) were assessed. Regression analyses showed that neuroticism, restrained eating, and external eating predicted A1C. Total diabetes fatalism and its ‘despair’ subscale also predicted HbA1C. Multiple regression analysis showed that neuroticism, restrained eating, and fatalism subscale ‘despair’ predicted HbA1C levels and explained 5.4% of the variance (F(3,302) = 5.77, p = .001). A moderated moderation was run and revealed that the effect of conscientiousness on restrained eating was moderated by powerlessness (fatalism subscale) and neuroticism. At low neuroticism levels and with any powerlessness levels, conscientiousness did not exert a significant effect on restrained eating. However, at high levels of neuroticism with low or moderate levels of powerlessness, conscientiousness exerted significant effect on restrained eating (low powerlessness: B = .07, t = 4.39, p < .001; medium powerlessness: B = .04, t = 3.24, p < .01). On the other hand, when powerlessness was high, conscientiousness did not exert a significant effect on restrained eating. In summary, the impact of conscientiousness on restrained eating, which in turn predicts HbA1C levels, is moderated by the belief of powerlessness and neuroticism in T2DM. These factors should be taken into account in the clinical practice. Further exploring similar constructs in T2DM to improve the quality of health care is warranted. Disclosure N. Farran: None. O.A. Sukkarieh-Haraty: None. D. Al Bakhour: None. M. Bassil: None.

CEO Big Five Personality and Stock Price Crash Risk

This study investigates whether CEO Big Five personalities (i.e., agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism and openness) are associated with stock price crash risk. The Big Five can influence managerial behaviors to withhold or release bad news. When the amount of withheld negative information is accumulated to a threshold, the accumulated bad news come out at once and lead to crashes. We find that agreeableness and neuroticism are positively related to stock price crash risk and conscientiousness is negatively related to stock price crash risk. We then examine the effects of personalities on managerial bad news withholding, supporting the bad news hoarding channel. Moreover, we find the mitigating effects of agreeableness and neuroticism and the contributing effects of conscientiousness are more pronounced when firms have higher CEO dominance, lower litigation risk and higher financial constraints. However, higher institutional ownership is not enough to mitigate the contributing effects of conscientiousness on stock crashes.

Antecedent and Consequence of Nurse Engagement

This study explores the mediating effect of work engagement on the relationship between transformational leadership (TFL) and nurses’ job performance, along with the moderating effect of conscientiousness on work engagement within the TFL/performance relationship. Survey data were collected from 234 supervisor–subordinate dyads at a regional hospital in Taiwan, and linear regression modeling performed to examine the hypotheses. TFL was found to be positively correlated with nurses’ job performance; and the motivation mechanism of work engagement did mediate the relationship between TFL and job performance, but only when nurses’ conscientiousness was high. As such, the results provide new insights into both how, and why, TFL can enhance nurses’ job performance: specifically, that their work engagement and conscientiousness are key determinants of how the TFL/job performance relationship operates.

EXPLORING GOAL COMMITMENT PREDICTORS OF BOUNDARY ROLE PERSONS (BRP)

As the face of the organization, BRPs were the target of representations and influence attempts by external agents. In effect, the BRPs were both the influencer and the recipient of influence from insiders and outsiders. This basic characteristic led potentially to higher levels of role conflict and tension for the BRPs than other organization members. Because of high risk and challenges, BRPs had to have goal commitment to maintain their loyalty. This study aimed to explore goal commitment predictors of BRPs. Data collection involved 162 colleges promotion officers in Yogyakarta and it was analysed through Partial Least Square (PLS). The results indicated that R-square on the goal commitment was 0,398. The effect of conscientiousness on goal commitment was indicated by a correlation of 0,323 and t=4,245; the effect of communication climate on goal commitment was indicated by a correlation value of 0,206 and t=2,545; the effect of equity reward on goal commitment was indicated by a correlation value of 0,092 and t=1,534; the effect of opponent cooperation on goal commitment was indicated by a correlation value of 0,203 and t=2,915. The conclusion was communication climate, opponent cooperation, and conscientiousness influenced goal commitment significantly, but equity reward did not influence goal commitment significantly.

Personality, Job Resources, and Self-Efficacy as Predictors of Volunteer Engagement in Non-Governmental Organizations

Abstract As volunteer engagement in non-governmental organizations vary between individuals, it is vital to get to know its predictors. It can be of profit to volunteers and the ones who profit from their activities. The aim of present study was to examine a model explaining volunteer engagement examining volunteer self-efficacy as a mediator and personality traits, job resources (skill variety and autonomy) as its predictors. Respondents (N = 165) were asked to fill in questionnaires accessible online. Those consisted of demographic questions as well as Ten-item Personality Inventory (TIPI), and three measures adjusted to volunteer environment: Work Design Questionnaire (WDQ), General Self-Efficacy Scale (GSES), and Work Engagement Scale (UWES). Results. Results of hierarchical regression analyses showed that conscientiousness, skill variety and self-efficacy are statistically significant predictors of volunteer engagement. It was shown that the effects of conscientiousness and skill variety on volunteer engagement are mediated by volunteer self-efficacy.

The Relationship between the Burnout Levels of Music Teachers and Their Personalities

The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between the burnout levels of music teachers and their personalities. The research consisted of 278 music teachers who were selected from various places throughout Turkey via subjective, convenience sampling method. For data collection, the ‘Personal Information Form’, ‘Adjective Based Personality Test’ and ‘Maslach Burnout Scale’ were used. The research involved both quantitative and qualitative dimensions. The data were analyzed by quantitative t-test, multiple regression analysis and Pearson's correlation coefficient. Data for the qualitative dimension of the research were obtained from semi-structured interviews conducted with 5 music teachers. Negative, significant relationships were determined between extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness and general burnout, while a positive, significant relationship was determined between neuroticism and general burnout. The burnout variable was found to have a statistically significant effect on the openness, neuroticism and conscientiousness dimensions of the personality types. The effects of conscientiousness and openness dimensions were not, however, found to be significant. The music teachers who had characteristics of extroversion and conscientiousness were found to have higher levels of burnout if they have the characteristics of neuroticism that reduce their exhaustion. The findings of the research show that the effect of personality types on burnout is important.

Supplemental Material for Volition and Academic Achievement: Interindividual Differences in Action Control Mediate the Effects of Conscientiousness and Sex on Secondary School Grading

Supplemental Material for Volition and Academic Achievement: Interindividual Differences in Action Control Mediate the Effects of Conscientiousness and Sex on Secondary School Grading

Emotional Intelligence and Work Engagement as Mediators of Big Five Personality and Knowledge Sharing

<p>The purpose of this paper is to examine the interrelationships among various interpersonal psychological factors to explain their effect on knowledge sharing behaviors at workplace. A sample of 450 employees was drawn from knowledge based industries. To tap the information regarding performance on knowledge sharing, Big Five personality, Emotional intelligence and work engagement, Knowledge Sharing Behavior (KSB) scale by Yi (2009)<sup>56</sup>, Big Five personality traits scale by Gosling et. al. (2003)<sup>21</sup>, Workgroup Emotional Intelligence Profile (WEIP-S) by Jordan & Lawrence (2009)<sup>26</sup> and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale by Schaufeli et. al. (2003)<sup>46</sup> have been used. Partial Least Square technique of Structural Equation Modeling was applied using SmartPLS 2.0.M3 to understand the proposed relationships. Findings show the prominence of conscientiousness among Big Five personality traits to explain knowledge sharing behaviors at workplace (Total Effect of conscientiousness on knowledge sharing being 0.5246 significant at p<0.01). Emotional intelligence proves to be the most important mediator of the relationship between Big Five traits, except agreeableness, and knowledge sharing. Even though work engagement is found to be a significant predictor of knowledge sharing (Total Effect of work engagement on knowledge sharing being 0.1698, significant at p<0.01), its role as a mediator is minor. Although the paper has certain limitations, nevertheless, this is the first study to consider the relationship between personality, emotional intelligence, work engagement and knowledge sharing in a single study and making us understand the interacting and mediating role of emotional intelligence and work engagement to explain knowledge sharing.</p>

The Interaction Effect of Conscientiousness and Neuroticism on Creative Performance and Safety Performance: Regulatory Focus as a Mediator

The Interaction Effect of Conscientiousness and Neuroticism on Creative Performance and Safety Performance: Regulatory Focus as a Mediator

The effect of member-team conscientiousness fit on knowledge sharing

Drawing on research in person-team fit and on similarity-attraction in personality, we examined the effects of (in)congruence between a member’s personality trait of conscientiousness and team composition of conscientiousness on the members’ knowledge sharing behavior. We hypothesized that higher congruence in member and team conscientiousness would lead to more knowledge sharing of the member within the team. We conducted three studies by using data from China, Taiwan and United State. With the methodology of multi-level polynomial regression, we found consistent results showing that when a member and his/her team were congruent in conscientiousness, the member shared more knowledge with other teammates. We also found that voice in team partially mediated the relationship between person-team fit in conscientiousness and knowledge sharing by using the block variable approach. Our study demonstrated that in order to understand the effects of conscientiousness on people’s outcome (in our case, knowledge sha...

Perfectionism, academic engagement, and procrastination among undergraduates: The moderating role of honors student status

This study examined whether honors student status moderated associations between perfectionism and both academic engagement and procrastination among undergraduate students (N=492, Mage=21.83years). Results revealed that perfectionism predicted academic engagement and procrastination, beyond the effects of conscientiousness and neuroticism. Self-oriented perfectionism (SOP) was negatively associated with procrastination but was positively associated with academic engagement, whereas socially-prescribed perfectionism (SPP) was positively associated with procrastination but was negatively associated with academic engagement. Honors student status moderated the relations between perfectionism and academic engagement. Specifically, the positive association between SOP and academic engagement was stronger for non-honors students than for honors students. In addition, the negative association between SPP and academic engagement was significant for honors students but not for non-honors students. The findings suggest that perfectionistic tendencies play an important role in understanding academic engagement, especially among honors students.

Board member monitoring behaviors in credit unions: The role of conscientiousness and identification with shareholders

AbstractResearch Question/IssueThis research investigates the antecedents of board members’ monitoring behaviors at the individual level. The main idea is that individuals who are both conscientious and identified with shareholders are those most likely to adopt monitoring behaviors.Research Findings/InsightsThe study was conducted using a survey of 166 board members of a large Canadian credit union corporation. Data on monitoring behaviors were collected directly from the chairpersons of the boards they participate in. The results validate the hypothesized moderated mediation model in which perceived importance of monitoring by board members mediates the relationship between conscientiousness and actual monitoring behaviors, on the one hand, and identification with shareholders moderates the relationship between conscientiousness and the perception of the importance of monitoring, on the other hand.Theoretical/Academic ImplicationsBy investigating the mediating effect of the perceived importance of the monitoring role in the relationship between conscientiousness and monitoring behaviors, our study provides an empirical test of the attention‐based view in the context of boards of directors and thus contributes to opening the ‘black box’ of board behaviors. Further, by looking at the interactive effect of conscientiousness and identification with shareholders, our study brings new insights into the motivational drivers of directors’ monitoring behaviors.Practitioner/Policy ImplicationsThis study invites practitioners in charge of board members’ recruitment and selection to reconsider their practices in order to target individuals demonstrating high levels of conscientiousness. It also highlights the importance of implementing board cultures that value conscientiousness and emphasize shareholders’ interests.

The Effect of Mutual Causality Disposition on Attitudes and Performance in an IT Organization

Based on both Buddhist philosophy and general system theory, mutual causality disposition (MCD) was proposed as an alternative construct that can be utilized to explain and predict important organizational effectiveness, such as employee attitudes and performance. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the effect of MCD on the attitudes and performance of people working for an IT company in order to check if MCD does actually work as suggested. In this study, MCD was hypothesized to be affected by two personality traits (i.e., conscientiousness and extraversion) and has a positive effect on two attitude variables (i.e., job satisfaction and organization commitment) and three performance domains (i.e., job dedication, interpersonal facilitation, and task performance). It was also hypothesized that the effect of the personality traits on the attitudes and performance domains would be mediated by MCD. Analyses of the dataset collected from 223 IT engineers showed evidence supporting all the hypotheses except the relationship between MCD and task performance. The effect of conscientiousness on job satisfaction and job dedication was mediated by MCD-Action and MCD-communication, while that of extraversion on interpersonal facilitation and organization commitment was mediated by MCD-Relationship. Some implications of the findings and suggestions for future research were discussed.

Cross-level moderating effects of Conscientiousness on within-person relationships of self-efficacy to effort allocation

ABSTRACTStudies examining within-person level self-efficacy effects on effort allocation have produced mixed results, ranging from positive, to null, to negative. Drawing on individual differences literature, we propose that the within-person relationship between self-efficacy and effort allocation depends on Conscientiousness, a personality trait reflecting the will to achieve and capacity to self-discipline. Individuals with higher levels of Conscientiousness will respond to lower self-efficacy with increased effort, resulting in an inverse relationship between self-efficacy and effort expenditure. In contrast, individuals with lower levels of Conscientiousness will need higher self-efficacy to stay task focused and sustain effort allocation, leading to a positive effect of self-efficacy on effort expenditure. Findings from a 3-week daily diary study generally support the hypothesized moderating effects of Conscientiousness. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.

Longer Exposure to Obesity, Slimmer Chance of College? Body Weight Trajectories, Non-Cognitive Skills, and College Completion

The NLSY97 data were used to explore the patterns of developmental trajectories of body weight in adolescence and how they affected the likelihood of college completion in young adulthood among 2,275 youths aged 13 and 14 in Wave 1. A strong weight trajectory gradient was found for rates of college completion. The study further explored the role of non-cognitive traits in the association between weight trajectories and college attainment. Non-cognitive traits were found to partially mediate the impact of certain weight trajectories on the likelihood of college completion. Some moderating effects of conscientiousness were also found. The findings from the gender and weight trajectory interaction terms showed that a stronger negative impact of weight trajectory on college completion is only observed for women in the late-teen-onset overweight group. This study highlights the importance of using a longitudinal weight measure and the role of non-cognitive traits in adolescent obesity research.

Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Costs of Daycare 002 for Girls

Exploiting admission thresholds in a Regression Discontinuity Design, we study the causal effects of daycare at age 0–2 on cognitive and non-cognitive outcomes at age 8–14. One additional month in daycare reduces IQ by 0.5% (4.5% of a standard deviation). Effects for conscientiousness are small and imprecisely estimated. Psychologists suggest that children in daycare experience fewer one-to-one interactions with adults, which should be particularly relevant for girls who are more capable than boys of exploiting cognitive stimuli at an early age. In line with this interpretation, losses for girls are larger and more significant, especially in affluent families.