Effect Of Concentrate Supplementation Research Articles

The Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Voluntary Intake, Digestibility and Composition of Rumen Fluid of Goats Fed on Rye (Secale cereale L.) Silage

The Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Voluntary Intake, Digestibility and Composition of Rumen Fluid of Goats Fed on Rye (Secale cereale L.) Silage

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation During Pregnancy on Performance of Native Ewes in Coastal Odisha

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation During Pregnancy on Performance of Native Ewes in Coastal Odisha

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Growth Performance, Carcass Traits and Meat Composition of Sirohi Kids under Field Condition

In order to assess the influence of on-farm supplementary feeding of concentrate pellets on growth, carcass traits and quality, 35 male Sirohi goat kids (60d old), divided in two groups were maintained either on 6h sole grazing (control; n=5) or grazing with supplementation of concentrate pellets at 1.5% of LW (supplemented; n=30). Experiment lasted for 140d followed by slaughter of five representative kids from each group. The kids of supplemented group had an ADG of 110g, which was 1.8 times higher (P<0.05) than the control. The supplemented kids had finishing weight of 25 kg vs. 12.08 kg in control kids. The slaughter and carcass weights and dressing percentages were 25.8 kg, 11.9 kg and 46.0%, and 17.5 kg, 7.4 kg and 43.0%, respectively, in supplemented and control groups, being higher (P<0.05) in supplemented group. Supplemented kids had improved (P<0.05) carcass traits, organ weight and had higher fat levels. Among non-carcass traits, blood, head and GI tract weights as % of slaughter weight were higher (P<0.05) in control kids, whereas other non-carcass traits were similar in both groups. The weights of cut portions viz. leg, loin, rack, and breast and shank, separated lean, fat and trim % and, meat: bone ratio were higher (P<0.01) in supplemented kids. The chemical constituents of Longissimus dorsi muscle were similar in both groups. Cholesterol content of the muscle was similar between two groups. It is concluded that on-farm supplementation of concentrate pellets at 1.5% of LW in growing kids improved growth performance, carcass traits and provided leaner carcass.

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Performance Characteristics of Goats Challenged with Trypanosoma brucei

The influence of concentrate-feed supplementation on dry matter and nutrient intake and digestibility, nitrogen retention and body weight gain in goats challenged with trypanosomiasis was studied. Sixteen male West African Dwarf (WAD) goats (7.32 ± 0.70 kg) inoculated with 1.5 × 106 Trypanosoma brucei were divided into four treatment groups each of four replicates in a 56-day, completely randomized design experiment. Treatments consisted of varying intake levels (0, 50, 100 and 150 g/head/day) of a maize-based concentrate supplement (19.72 %; CP) to basal Panicum maximum hay (10.81 %; CP). Dry matter intake (g/head/day) of 211.77 ± 2.66, 215.14 ± 7.25, 253.28 ± 5.23, and 275.96 ± 3.65 obtained for goats fed supplement at 0, 50, 100 and 150 g/head/day respectively were different. Coefficient of crude protein or crude fibre digestibility was higher (p < 0.05) for goats fed the concentrate supplement at 100 or 150 g/head/day level than for those fed at 50 g/head/day or the control. Differences in feed nutrient intake and digestibility caused gradual improvement (p < 0.05) in body weight gain (g/head/day) from 8.39 ± 0.21 in the un-supplemented group to 18.21 ± 0.42 in goats fed concentrate supplement at 150 g/head/day. The results indicated a positive influence of concentrate supplementation on ability of the goats infected with trypanosomiasis to consume and digest feed nutrients for body weight gain. The 100 g /head/day level of supplementation was considered adequate.

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Performances of Ethiopian Lowland Afar and Blackhead Ogaden Lambs

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of increased concentrate supplementation on nutrient intake, growth performance, carcass characteristics, duration of feeding and profitability of Ethiopian Afar and Blackhead Ogaden (BHO) lambs. Forty-eight lambs (24/breed) initially weighing 17.84±1.6 kg were randomly assigned to three dietary treatments (T) in Complete Randomized Design. Each lamb was fed on tef straw ad libtium and supplemented with 150, 300, 450 g d-1 of concentrate (containing 19.4% crude protein (CP) and 11.28 MJ ME kg-1DM) in T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Intake and growth trial lasted for 126 days, followed by digestibility trial of 7 days. Dry matter (DM) intake increased (p<0.0001) with increasing concentrate offer in lambs in general, but higher (p<0.05) in Afar than in BHO lambs. Intake of CP peaked at the highest level of supplementation. Increased (p<0.0001) digestibility of DM, CP, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) were noted at higher concentrate offer in Afar lambs. Average daily gain of lambs increased (p<0.0001) with increased concentrate, and lambs reached the target weight (25-30kg) for export market relatively within short period of feeding at higher than lower level of concentrate supplementation. Given equal level of concentrate, Afar lambs reached the target weight in less days of feeding than BHO lambs. Increasing concentrate has resulted in increased slaughter weight (SW), hot carcass weight (HCW), dressing percent (DP) and lean-to-fat ratio (LFR) in Afar lambs, while it improved SW, HCW and DP in BHO lambs. This study indicated that increased meat production measured in terms of live weight change and carcass yield in Afar and BHO lambs can be achieved at high concentrate supplementation with profit.

Effects of Concentrate Supplementation on Reproductive Performances and Semen Quality of Indigenous Rams in Bangladesh

The study was set for one year to measure the effects of concentrate supplementation on reproductive performances and semen quality in indigenous rams. The study was conducted at the Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh during the period from May 2011 to April 2012. Forteen ram lambs (4∼5 months) were randomly divided into two equal groups (n=7); supplemented vs control. The animals of control group were maintained on natural grazing. Along with natural grazing the supplemented group was on supplemented feeding. The concentrate supplementation (Wheat bran, Crushed maize, Soy bean meal, Fish meal, DCP powder, Vitamin mineral premix, Salt) was provided @ 300 g/head /day to the supplemented group. Body weight, scrotal circumference, BCS and libido index were measured weekly. Age, body weight and scrotal circumference at puberty were recorded. Semen was collected once in a weak using artificial vagina and chilled at 5℃ for 48h for evaluation. Concentrate supplementation did not influence (p>0.05) body condition score, age, weight, scrotal circumference at puberty and libido index. Final body weight (kg), growth rate (g/d), scrotal circumference (cm) and scrotal growth rate (mm/15d) were significantly (p 0.05) in different observation times. It was concluded that concentrate supplementation with free grazing improved weight and scrotal circumference gain and semen production with increased quality in indigenous ram.

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Feed Consumption, Nutrient Utilization and Blood Metabolite Profile in Captive Spotted Deer (Axis axis) Fed Oat (Avena sativa) and Berseem (Trifolium alexandrinum) Fodders Based Diet

This experiment was conducted to determine the optimum level of a maize-soybean meal-wheat bran concentrate supplement fed to captive spotted deer fed an oat and berseem fodder-based diet. Twelve adult spotted deer [64-76 kg body weight (BW)] were distributed into three groups of four each and were housed individually. A diet consisting of 5 kg of oat fodder and 5.5 kg of berseem fodder was offered to each one of the experimental animals. The animal in group I received no supplementary concentrate, whereas, those in groups II and III received 0.5 and 1 kg of supplementary concentrate, respectively. A 60 days digestibility trial was conducted with a 5 days collection period on Days 55-59 of the trial. Blood samples were collected from all animals on Day 60 of the experiment. Average daily dry matter intake (DMI) was 1,224, 1,613, and 1,574 g/day in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM) intake was lowest (P < 0.01) in group I. Intake of P, Cu, and Zn was highest (P < 0.01) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Digestibility of neutral detergent fiber was highest (P < 0.05) in group II. Digestibility of OM and CP was lowest (P < 0.05) in group I. Digestibility of gross energy was highest (P < 0.01) in group III (74.9%), followed by groups II (69.3%) and I (66.2%). Digestible energy (DE) intake (kcal/kg BW(0.75) ) was highest (P < 0.01) in group III (195.4), followed by groups II (180.9) and I (129.8). Initial BW was 72.7, 72.5, and 71.0 kg, whereas, final BW was 71.0, 72.7, and 73.5 kg, in groups I, II and III, respectively. Average daily change in body mass was significantly (P < 0.01) different among the groups. The body mass was lost (-29.2 g/day), maintained (4.1 g/day) and gained (41.6 g/day) in groups I, II, and III, respectively. Blood glucose and cholesterol concentration was highest (P < 0.05) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Serum concentration of Cu and Zn was highest (P < 0.05) in group III, followed by groups II and I. Supplementation of forage only diet with 0.5 kg of concentrate mixture increased intake and digestibility of nutrients, without change in body mass. Animals fed 1 kg of supplementary concentrate received energy in excess of requirements, were consistently gaining body mass and were prone to obesity. Thus, it is a right strategy to supplement forage only diet of captive spotted deer with 0.5 kg of concentrate.

The Effect of Concentrate Supplementation on Nutrient Flow to the Omasum in Dairy Cows Receiving Freshly Cut Grass

An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of increasing the amount of grain-based concentrate (0, 3, or 6kg/d) on nutrient flow to the omasum, rumen fermentation pattern, milk yield, and nutrient use of dairy cows. Harvested timothy-meadow fescue grass was fed individually 3 times daily to 6 rumen-cannulated Holstein-Friesian cows in a duplicated 3×3 Latin square experiment. Grass was offered as 6 equal meals daily, and concentrates were fed as 2 equal meals daily. Nitrogen, microbial N, and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) flow from the rumen were measured using an omasal sampling technique in combination with a triple marker method [CoEDTA, Yb, and indigestible NDF (INDF) as markers]. Concentrate supplementation linearly decreased ruminal pH, N degradability, ammonia N concentration, and molar proportion of acetate and increased the molar proportion of butyrate. Supplementation of grass with concentrates linearly increased dry matter intake (DMI), microbial N synthesis, N, and NDF flow to the omasum, and ruminal and total tract NDF digestibility decreased linearly. Decreases in NDF digestibility in response to concentrates was primarily related to a decrease in the rate of digestion. Increased DMI overcame the negative effects of concentrate on NDF digestion, resulting in a linear increase in total metabolizable energy intake and milk production. Physical constraints were found not to limit grass DMI. Concentrate supplementation increased the apparent use of dietary N for milk production because of a reduction in N intake, rather than thorough improvements in N capture in the rumen.

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation to Grazing on Growth and Reproductive Performance in Female Goats and Sheep

Effect of Concentrate Supplementation to Grazing on Growth and Reproductive Performance in Female Goats and Sheep

The Effect of Concentrate Supplementation and Prolificacy on Hay Intake and Performance of Pregnant Manchega Ewes

Factors influencing voluntary forage intake in ewes during the last two months of gestation are not sufficiently documented. The effects of hay quality and level of concentrate were studied by Orr and Treacher (1984) but other factors such as prolificacy or level of body reserves are poorly understood (Theriez et al., 1987). Furthermore most of the results come from animals kept in individual pens abolishing the effect of behavioural interactions. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine the effect of the number of gestated lambs and level of concentrate on voluntary intake of hay by ewes kept in a group.A flock of 120 multiparous Manchega dairy ewes were synchronised using intravaginal progestagen and injected with 400 IU of PMSG (Chronogest, Intervet). After ultrasonic pregnancy diagnosis at 60 d after mating (Toshiba Sonolayer, Mod.Sad-32B, 5.0 MHz), two groups of 30 twin or single pregnant ewes were selected and distributed in a factorial design 2x2x3. Factors were number of foetus (S = l, T=2) and level of concentrate (H=600 g/d, L=300 g/d) with 3 replicates of 5 ewes each.