Effect Of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Research Articles

The effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on post-COVID-19 syndrome

BackgroundThe present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a comprehensive rehabilitation program on quality of life, anxiety, fatigue, and functional status in post-COVID-19 patients admitted to a specialized rehabilitation unit. The secondary objective of the study was to compare the differences between vaccinated and unvaccinated patients.ResultsThe single-center prospective study was conducted. Demographics, comorbidities, vaccination, clinical signs and symptoms, and oxygen saturation were assessed. The rehabilitative protocol was created considering the condition of patients, age, the direct impact of COVID-19 on the systems, sequelae, severity of disease, and comorbidities. The comprehensive rehabilitation program through a multidisciplinary team is applied in a stepwise graded manner. The Nottingham Health Profile (NHP), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) The Functional Ambulation Categories (FAC), the modified Medical Research Council (mMRC), the Modified Borg Scale, post-COVID-19 Functional Status (PCFS) scale, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Barthel Index (BI) were used. In total, 39 patients (61.5% men, age 59.7.0 ± 15.6 years) participated in the study. They were discharged home after 37.5 ± 17.6 days stay in the hospital. The most frequently reported persistent symptoms were dyspnea (76.9%), fatigue (69.2%), and myalgia (64.1%). There was a statistically significant improvement in baseline outcomes including BI, HADS, PCFS, FSS, MMRC, Modified Borg Scale, FAC, O2 support, and NHP after the comprehensive rehabilitation program (p < 0.001). The vaccinated patients had older age, high BMI, and shorter duration of rehabilitation (p = 0.003, p = 0.040, p = 0.022, respectively), while unvaccinated patients had higher BI, FSS, PCFS, and FAC.ConclusionThe comprehensive rehabilitation program improves quality of life, reduces fatigue, anxiety, and depression, and regains function in patients with post-COVID-19 syndrome. In addition, vaccinated patients had older ages and shorter duration of rehabilitation, while unvaccinated patients achieved higher functional status and had significantly higher levels of fatigue at discharge.

Effects of Comprehensive Rehabilitation on Pulmonary Function in Patients Recovering from COVID-19

The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of inpatient rehabilitation on pulmonary function in patients recovering from COVID-19, a multifaceted disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This aspect of recovery is crucial, as pneumonia associated with this disease can cause lung-function abnormalities with varying degrees of hypoxemia. This study involved 150 patients qualified for inpatient rehabilitation following SARS-CoV-2 infection. Functional assessment of the lungs was performed by spirometry. The mean age of patients was 64.66 (±11.93) years, and the mean body mass index (BMI) was 29.16 (±5.68). The tests showed a statistically significant improvement in spirometric parameters. The rehabilitation program based on aerobic, strength, and endurance exercises improved lung-function parameters in the long term. The improvement in spirometric parameters in patients after COVID-19 may be related to body mass index (BMI).

Effects of Comprehensive Rehabilitation on Patients with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report

Effects of Comprehensive Rehabilitation on Patients with Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Due to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Case Report

The Effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on Lithuanian adolescent's nonspecific low back pain, depending on the duration: Nonrandomized single-arm trial.

Objective:To determine pain and functional changes during comprehensive rehabilitation (CR) in adolescents with nonspecific low back pain (NLBP), and to determine the optimal CR duration.Methods:The study included 106 adolescents (39 boys [36.8%], 67 girls [63.2%]), 14 to17 years old, with the following inclusion criteria: duration of NLBP for at least 12 weeks; conservative NLBP treatment was effectless; pain intensity using the visual analogue pain scale (VAS) ≤ 7 points; disrupted daily activities; ability to understand and answer the questions; written consent to participate voluntarily in the study. The pain was assessed using the VAS scale, functional changes were assessed using the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), 12-Item Short Form Survey, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HAD), and physical functional capacity and proprioception (Proprio) were assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer. The participants performed a comprehensive pain rehabilitation program consisting of physiotherapy, TENS, magnetotherapy, lumbar massage, and relaxing vibroacoustic therapy. The active CR cycle lasted for 22 sessions (with intermediate measurements after 5 and 16 sessions), after which we performed passive observation for another half a year. Five measurements were performed.Results:Pain, functional assessment, and physical capacity were improved with CR. Statistically significant improvement became apparent after 5 CR sessions, but statistical and clinical significance became apparent after 16 CR sessions. In the distant period, after the completion of CR, neither statistical nor clinical changes occurred.Conclusions:CR is effective in reducing pain, and improving functional state and physical capacity quickly and reliably in 16 CR sessions, which is sufficient to obtain clinically satisfactory CR results. Good results were achieved during CR and neither improved nor deteriorated spontaneously in the distant period. This study shows a possible mismatch between NLBP intensity and impaired functional state in adolescents.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of early intervention methods in newborns who have suffered hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage

Timely diagnosis of cerebral disorders both in the prenatal period and in the early neonatal period, as well as early rehabilitation treatment is the basis for the prevention of childhood disability. To this end, the so-called Early Intervention System is being introduced in Ukraine. The effectiveness of early intervention techniques directly depends on timely diagnosis and correctly chosen intervention tactics. Given the high neuroplasticity of the developing brain, it is advisable to start the elements of neurodevelopmental therapy from infancy. The aim of the work is to evaluate the effectiveness of methods of early intervention in children of the first 3 months of life who have suffered hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage in the neonatal period, by assessing the main indicators of psycho-motor development. 101 children who were treated in the neonatal pathology department due to hypoxic-ischemic CNS damage and did not have concomitant somatic pathology were examined. The children were in the ward for rehabilitation. To assess the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation in young children, it is advisable to use adapted for Ukraine scale of Munich functional developmental diagnostics, which allows to assess the child's development in all major areas, its harmony and effectiveness of rehabilitation measures during the first 3 years of life. Statistical processing of the obtained results should be performed in the license package "Statistica 6.1 for Windows". Timely diagnosis of cerebral disorders both in the prenatal period and in the early neonatal period, as well as early rehabilitation treatment is the basis for the prevention of childhood disability. Given the high neuroplasticity of the developing brain, it is advisable to start the elements of neurodevelopmental therapy from infancy. The effectiveness of the methods recommended for use depends on timely diagnosis and correctly chosen intervention tactics. Assessment of the effectiveness of care for children at risk of deviant psychomotor development should be based on the application of the criteria and scales recommended by international expert groups, which are adapted in our country. Signs of full-fledged early intervention in the region are: perinatal diagnosis of congenital pathology, timely provision of medical and rehabilitation, social and special pedagogical services to children aged 0 to 3 years and their families. In order to achieve the set goals, in our opinion, the priority measures should be steps to implement the national protocol for care for children with perinatal CNS injuries, approval and implementation in Ukraine of the modern International Classification of Functioning, Life and Health Restrictions, providing medical care, rehabilitation and social services for young children.

Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Nursing on Patients with Speech Disorder after Stroke

Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Nursing on Patients with Speech Disorder after Stroke

Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Care on the Rehabilitation of Patients with Lumbar Disc Herniation Surgery

The clinical symptoms of lumbar disc herniation, one of the most common low back pain diseases, are a series of manifestations of low back pain, sciatica, and cauda equina compression, and the recurrence rate after treatment is high, which seriously affects work and life. Surgery is a serious physiological stress in patients with degenerative changes in the lumbar spine and symptoms of nerve damage. If the corresponding nursing work cannot be performed effectively and timely after the operation, it may affect the recovery of postoperative function, cause complications, and cause motor dysfunction. It may also be accompanied by psychological problems such as depression, which seriously affect the quality of life of the patient. In addition, training can enhance the strength of the back muscles, thereby making up for the destruction of the surgery, helping to consolidate and improve the treatment effect. However, clinicians often overlook postoperative functional recovery. Therefore, this paper studies the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing on the rehabilitation of patients with lumbar disc herniation, and discusses the comprehensive rehabilitation nursing intervention measures for patients with lumbar disc herniation. Thereby promoting patients to receive comprehensive rehabilitation care increase health behaviors and improve the quality of life. The proposed method is very effective in the rehabilitation of patients with lumbar disc herniation.

Image Features of Magnetic Resonance Angiography under Deep Learning in Exploring the Effect of Comprehensive Rehabilitation Nursing on the Neurological Function Recovery of Patients with Acute Stroke.

This study was to explore the effects of imaging characteristics of magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) based on deep learning on the comprehensive rehabilitation nursing on the neurological recovery of patients with acute stroke. In this study, 84 patients with acute stroke who were treated in hospital were selected as the research objects, and they were rolled into a control group (routine care) and an experimental group (comprehensive rehabilitation care). The dense dilated block-convolution neural network (DD-CNN) algorithm under deep learning for cerebrovascular was adopted to assess the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation care on the neurological recovery of patients with acute stroke. The results showed that the Berg scale scores, Fugl-Meyer scores, and Functional Independence Measure (FIM) scores of the experimental group of patients after 6 weeks and 12 weeks of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing were greatly different from those before treatment, showing statistical differences (P < 0.05). Compared with conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images, MRA images based on CNN algorithm, Dense Net algorithm, and DD-CNN algorithm can more clearly show the patient's cerebral artery occlusion. The average dice similarity coefficient (DSC) values of CNN algorithm, Dense Net algorithm, and DD-CNN algorithm were determined to be 84.3%, 95.7%, and 97.8%, respectively; the average sensitivity (Sen) values of the three algorithms were 76.1%, 95.4%, and 96.8%, respectively; and the average accuracy (Acc) values were 87.9%, 96.3%, and 97.9%, respectively. Thus, there were statistically obvious differences among the three algorithms in terms of average values of DSC, Sen, and Acc (P < 0.05). The MRA images processed by the DD-CNN algorithm showed that the degree of neurological recovery of the experimental group was observably greater than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically obvious (P < 0.05). In short, the image features of MRA based on the deep learning DD-CNN algorithm showed good application value in studying the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing on the neurological recovery of patients with acute stroke, and it was worthy of promotion.

Application of Reflexotherapy Methods in Patients Rehabilitation after New Coronavirus Infection – Covid-19

Introduction. In medical rehabilitation of patients who have suffered a new coronavirus infection COVID-19, it is recommended to use reflexotherapy (acupuncture). Before applying reflexotherapy, it is recommended to conduct an acupuncture diagnosis which allows to choose a method of exposure, create an individual acupuncture prescription and carry out subsequent monitoring of its effectiveness. Aim. Prepare a literature review using Russian and foreign sources and present data from modern studies on the use of reflexology in the medical rehabilitation of patients who have undergone a new coronavirus infection COVID-19. Conclusion. Currently, various methods of reflexotherapy are used to impact on acupuncture points. The use of reflexotherapy increases the body’s defenses, has a significant positive effect on bronchial obstruction, regional lung ventilation, diaphragm functional ability, pulmonary hemodynamics and helps to restore the sense of smell and taste. Reflexotherapy methods reduce the manifestations of myofascial pain syndrome affecting the respiratory muscles, restore muscle strength, reduce shortness of breath and anxiety. The experience of doctors from different countries will increase the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation and the quality of life of patients with various complications after a new coronavirus infection COVID-19.

Effects of comprehensive rehabilitation on complications and long-term prognoses of patients in vegetative and minimal consciousness states.

To understand the clinical characteristics, prognoses, and prognostic factors of vegetative state (VS) and minimal consciousness state (MCS) patients hospitalized for comprehensive rehabilitation. The data of VS and MCS patients admitted in the past six years were retrospectively analyzed. Age of onset, etiology, course of disease, complications, and retention of tracheal intubation, gastric tube, and urethral catheter were recorded. All patients were followed for one year after onset, and their Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were assessed. Long-term prognostic factors were analyzed using logistic regression. The proportion of patients with traumatic brain injuries in the MCS group was higher than in the VS group (p<0.05), while hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy accounted for a higher proportion in the VS group; the differences were statistically significant between the two groups. The occurrence of infection was the highest in both groups, followed by spasticity and epilepsy. The occurrence of other complications was slightly different between the two groups but did not reach statistical significance (p>0.05). Age, etiology, and consciousness at admission had a significant impact on the long-term prognoses of VS or MCS patients (p<0.05), and the age of onset was the most important factor (the highest OR). Infection, spasticity, and epilepsy are common complications in both VS and MCS patients. Recovery of consciousness after one year was shown to be affected by age, etiology, and consciousness at admission.

Effect of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing on endothelial cell Function and limb function in cerebral infarction patients with hemiplegia

Objective To explore the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation nursing on endothelial cell function and limb function in patients with cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 70 cerebral infarction patients with hemiplegia treated from February to August 2017 were divided into the observation group and the control group by random digits table method, 35 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine and rehabilitation training. The observation group was adopted the comprehensive rehabilitation nursing of traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the control group. The clinical efficacy, nerve function and limb function of the two groups were compared, and the endothelium factor endothelin (ET), nitric oxide (NO) and serum calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) of the patients were detected. Results The total effective rate in the observation group and the control group was 91.43% (32/35), 68.57% (24/35), and the difference was statistically significant (Z=5.887, P=0.041). The NO and CGRP in the observation group after intervention were (68.21±15.46) mg/L, (48.29±9.04) mg/L and (56.23±12.35) mg/L, (39.86±10.75) mg/L in the control group, while ET was (56.25±9.71) mg/L in the observation group and (68.34±11.84) mg/L in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (t=3.582, 3.551, 4.771, P=0.000). The Nerve Function score in the observation group after intervention was (8.69±1.66) points and (12.02±1.97) points in the control group, and the strength of upper and lower limbs was (2.78±0.61), (3.42±0.63) grades, better than (2.26±0.45), (2.84±0.62) grades in the control group, and the score of Fugl-Meyer score was (78.62±10.33) points in the observation group and higher than (69.53±8.64) points in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (t=3.882-7.647, all P=0.000) . Conclusions Comprehensive rehabilitation nursing can significantly improve the clinical effect of cerebral infarction patients with hemiplegia, promote the recovery of limb function and nerve function, which may be related to the effect of improving the function of vascular endothelial cells. Key words: Comprehensive rehabilitation nursing of Chinese medicine; Cerebral infarction; Hemiplegia; Vascular endothelial function; Limb function

Effects of comprehensive rehabilitation in long-term healthcare facility on the serum phosphate levels and ability to perform activities of daily living of elderly hemodialysis patients

Effects of comprehensive rehabilitation in long-term healthcare facility on the serum phosphate levels and ability to perform activities of daily living of elderly hemodialysis patients

The effects of motor and intellectual functions on the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation in young children with cerebral palsy.

To determine the effects of motor and intellectual functions on the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation (CR) in young children with cerebral palsy (CP). This longitudinal cohort study recruited paediatric patients with a confirmed diagnosis of CP. Baseline gross motor function was classified using the Gross Motor Function Classification System. Baseline intellectual level was evaluated using the Developmental Quotient (DQ) via the Gesell Development Scale. Children underwent CR for 3 months and then their motor and intellectual functions were assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure, Fine Motor Function Measure and DQ. The changes from baseline were calculated. Forty-eight children with CP were recruited to this study. Greater improvements in motor function were associated with a lower baseline level of intellectual impairment. Motor and intellectual function in children with CP was significantly improved when treatment was started before 12 months of age. There might be a close and reciprocal relationship between the baseline levels of impairment of motor and intellectual function with regard to the effectiveness of CR. Early intervention is important to gain a good outcome in children with CP.

Wstępna ocena wpływu kompleksowej rehabilitacji na stan emocjonalny i jakość życia pacjentek z chorobą zwyrodnieniową stawów

&lt;b&gt;Cel pracy&lt;/b&gt;: Ocena wpływu kompleksowej rehabilitacji na kondycję psychiczną i emocjonalną oraz na jakość życia pacjentek z wielomiejscowymi zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi w układzie ruchu. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Materiał i metody:&lt;/b&gt; Badaniem objęto 31 chorych z wielomiejscowymi zmianami zwyrodnieniowymi w układzie ruchu. W terapii stosowano 2 metody usprawniania: grupa I – fizykoterapia tradycyjna i kinezyterapia – ćwiczenia w wodzie (n = 18), grupa II – krioterapia i kinezyterapia (n = 13). Pacjentki były badane 3-krotnie: przed rozpoczęciem leczenia, po 4 tygodniach rehabilitacji i po 3 miesiącach od zakończenia usprawniania. Zastosowano kwestionariusz GHQ-28 oceniający stan psychiczny, kwestionariusz SF-36 do oceny jakości życia oraz codzienną subiektywną ocenę nasilenia bólu. Wyniki badań zostały poddane analizie statystycznej. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Wyniki:&lt;/b&gt; Na podstawie kwestionariusza subiektywnej oceny nasilenia bólu wykazano porównywalne w obu grupach zmniejszenie procentowego nasilenia bólu. Ból uległ redukcji w obu grupach badawczych także wg kwestionariusza SF-36, a zmniejszenie dolegliwości bólowych utrzymywało się w obu grupach po 3 miesiącach od zakończenia leczenia. Na podstawie kwestionariusza GHQ-28 stan psychiczny i emocjonalny badanych pacjentek po rehabilitacji, zarówno leczonych ćwiczeniami w wodzie (I), jak i po krioterapii (II), wyraźnie się poprawił. W grupie I bezpośredni efekt po leczeniu był wyraźny, po 3 miesiącach poprawa ustępowała, ale stan chorych nie powracał do wyjściowego, natomiast w grupie II następowała wyraźna i trwała poprawa zdrowia. &lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Wnioski&lt;/b&gt;: Kompleksowa rehabilitacja w chorobie zwyrodnieniowej stawów, bez względu na zastosowane metody usprawniania, redukuje ból oraz wpływa korzystnie na stan emocjonalny i psychiczny chorych. Poprawa w obszarach życia psychicznego i emocjonalnego następowała wraz z ustępowaniem dolegliwości bólowych.

Effects of comprehensive rehabilitation on stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients in rural communities

Objective To explore the effects of comprehensive rehabilitation on patients with stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in rural communities. Methods Between June 2010 and June 2012, 212 stable COPD patients were randomly divided into management group (n=107) and control group (n=105). All patients received conventional treatment. In addition, 107 stable COPD patients relying on new rural cooperative medical service station in management group underwent community comprehensive rehabilitation including training in respiratory function, exercise training, nutrition intervention and psychological care. Effect of lung function, symptoms (times of acute attack & hospitalization) and quality-of-life (QOL) rated by SF-36 questionnaire between two groups were recorded at Month 6. Results The score changes of QOL had significant inter-group differences between 2 groups for PCS (scores for physical component summary) and MCS (scores for mental component summary) (11.4±8.2 vs.1.6±1.2, 5.5±3.5 vs.2.2±0.9, all P<0.01). In the scores for physical component summary, the score change of physical function, physiological function, body pain and general health were significantly different between two groups (6.7±4.3 vs.1.2±0.8, 10.9±6.3 vs.1.9±1.5, 6.4±4.7 vs. 3.6±2.7, 3.2±2.7 vs.1.6±1.1, P<0.01). In the scores for mental component summary, the score change of vitality, emotional function, social function and mental health were significantly different between two groups (4.9±3.2 vs.1.9±1.4, 2.7±2.1 vs.1.6±1.1, 11.6±9.2 vs.3.6±2.3, 6.7±4.3 vs.1.4±0.9, P<0.01). The times of acute attack and hospitalization were obviously lower than those of the control group. No significant inter-group difference existed in lung function. Conclusion Comprehensive rehabilitation may improve the QOL in stable COPD patients in rural communities and reduce their times of acute attack. Key words: Pulmonary disease, chronic obstructive; Intervention studies; Treatment outcome

Effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on the upper limb function in patients after mastectomy

AbstractIntroduction: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Poland, in Europe and the US. Women after breast cancer treatment suffer from various motor dysfunctions. The most frequent is upper limb dysfunction on the operated side caused by lymphedema and limitations in the shoulder complex mobility. Physical therapy and psychotherapy have a significant beneficial effect on the quality of life of these women. The aim of the study was to assess the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on the upper limb function and incidence of lymphedema, sensory dysfunctions and pain on the operated side.Material and methods: The experimental group included 19 patients with diagnosed breast cancer. All of them underwent a standard surgical intervention - radical mastectomy according to Patey’s method followed up by outpatient rehabilitation according to a designed plan. The control group consisted of 16 women who underwent the same treatment but did not take part in the designed rehabilitation program. During the examinations the following parameters were measured: motion range of the shoulder complex, hand-grip strength and occurrence of lymphedema, pain and sensory dysfunctions.Results: Women in the experimental group improved the upper limb mobility on the operated side and hand-grip strength, and rated lower their level of pain intensity.Conclusions: The outcomes confirmed the necessity to implement early rehabilitation program as a follow-up treatment for patients after mastectomy. Comprehensive rehabilitation leads to reduced pain intensity and improved upper limb function on the operated side and has a beneficial effect on the general physical fitness of women.

The effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on correcting muscle imbalance in rural children from the Warmia and Mazury region

Abstract Introduction A complex problem concerning the disability of rural children stems from the specificity of a rural environment. Such an environment frequently serves as the source of negative stimuli, thus leading to muscle imbalances in children. Negative stimuli affecting personality, that children are exposed to sometimes for years, result in a local strain in a child's young organism, and then, commonly, in motor system dysfunctions. In this connection, muscle imbalance develops; whereas muscle balance conditions a correct body posture and appropriate functioning. Aim The aim of this study was to discover the sources of negative influences affecting a rural child's development and to design effective preventive measures. Consequently, the intended objective of the designed program was to provide professional rehabilitation for the largest number of children and youth having motor system dysfunctions as well as emotional disorders. Another goal of this program was to determine the effect of comprehensive rehabilitation on correcting muscle imbalance in rural children. Materials and methods This study comprised 50 children (30 girls and 20 boys) participating in a rehabilitation course designed for rural children as a three-week program. Children were examined by employing a specially devised chart of examinations and procedures in order to analyze and evaluate their functional problems in detail. Results and discussion A comprehensive rehabilitation program implemented by a team of therapists was in many cases beneficial with respect to rehabilitation outcomes: the restoration of muscle balance generated a decrease in or disappearance of the functional problem. Such improvement mostly involved children diagnosed with a shortened lower extremity, kyphosis (round back), winged scapula, or a low-grade functional scoliosis. Conclusions Examination results indicate that comprehensive therapy is required. Combining physical rehabilitation with psychotherapy eliminates the sources of negative stimuli that lead to the appearance of or to the increase in the motor system dysfunction. A child's conscious involvement in the therapeutic process and work performed in the framework of autotherapy are also very important.

Pathological changes in heroin-induced spongiform leukoencephalopathy and therapeutic effect of comprehensive rehabilitation: A follow-up study (Abstract)

Pathological changes in heroin-induced spongiform leukoencephalopathy and therapeutic effect of comprehensive rehabilitation: A follow-up study (Abstract)

Aspects of Selecting Outcome Measures to Demonstrate the Effectiveness of Comprehensive Rehabilitation

To enable clinicians to make an informed choice when selecting outcome measures to demonstrate the effectiveness of comprehensive rehabilitation, what objective criteria should be examined? This article considers the importance of the purpose, content, psychometric properties and ease of administration in selecting measures. Several outcome instruments evaluating self-care and mobility, mental health interventions and comprehensive rehabilitation approaches are examined with reference to these selection criteria. Measures that evaluate physical, psychological and social functioning, taking into account the desired outcome of the patient and his/her carers, are highlighted.