Effects Of College Education Research Articles

The heterogeneous impact of college education on happiness by gender

AbstractObjectiveThis study examines the heterogeneous impacts of college education on happiness by gender.MethodsTo yield unbiased impact estimates, we take advantage of a natural experiment known as the graduation quota program, which suddenly and massively expanded the opportunities to attend college in the early 1980s in South Korea. Using whether the birth cohorts were exposed to the graduation quota program as an instrumental variable (IV), this study estimates the longer‐term effects of college education on happiness by gender.ResultsThe estimated local average treatment effect by the IV analysis indicates that men who were induced to attend college by the graduation quota program became happier. However, there was no noticeable impact on women's happiness.ConclusionsConsidering that the subjective happiness in our study was measured in their late 30s and 40s, the impact of college on happiness seems to be long‐lasting for men but not for women.

Current Status of the College Counselors' Extracurricular Sports Activities under the Perspective of Three Complete Education

This paper investigates and analyzes the current situation of non-sports majors' participation in extracurricular sports in some undergraduate colleges and universities in Nanchang City and the extracurricular sports activities carried out by counselors by means of the literature method and the data statistics method. Colleges and universities are the main place to cultivate talents, and as the backbone of ideological and political education and management of college students, how to make full use of the important bonding power of counselors to realize all-embracing, whole process of cultivation, all-round cultivation of people, manage the extracurricular time of students, cultivate the moral cultivation of students, and develop a new way for the enhancement of the effectiveness of education in colleges and universities, and at the same time, provide a new platform for college and university sports cultivation mode.

Analysis of a Kind of Harr Characteristic Big Data Algorithm for College Students’ Safety Education Method

In order to improve the effectiveness of safety education in colleges and universities and to maintain the long-term effectiveness of college students’ safety awareness, combined with the current safety problems in colleges and universities, by analyzing the relevance of campus safety accidents and safety education, a Harr characteristic big data algorithm for college students is proposed. Safety education methods have constructed a safety education system for college students. The status quo of safety education is analyzed for college students, a safety education system image acquisition module is designed based on Harr characteristic big data algorithm, Harr characteristic big data algorithm and Adaboost algorithm are used to shorten the training time of college students’ safety education image, learning resources are saved, and remote teaching is realized. A set of safety knowledge question banks based on recommendation algorithm has developed a set of practical safety knowledge online learning and testing systems, and targeted solutions to prevent and reduce campus safety accidents are proposed. The experimental results show that the number of student safety incidents in the school within 1 year after the application of this system is significantly reduced to 58, the system’s experimental response time is only 0.05 s on average, and the student’s satisfaction with the system reaches 93%. The application effect of the system is obvious, and it can effectively prevent and reduce the occurrence of campus safety accidents.

Perception of Medical School Students about The Effects of College Education on Learning Outcome

Perception of Medical School Students about The Effects of College Education on Learning Outcome

Innovative Development of Ideological and Political Education in Colleges and Universities at the New Media Environment

<p>The wave of innovation in education reform has been gradually surged in school education, especially the ideological and political courses and ideological and its crucial position in the overall curriculum education, which laid a good psychological foundation of students. For this reason, in the process of carrying out ideological and political teaching, strengthening the innovative development of its teaching can better promote the overall effect of college education. Under this background, this paper explores the innovative development of ideological and political education in colleges and universities at the new media environment, and puts forward effective development strategies.</p>

The effect of college education on health and mortality: Evidence from Canada.

We investigate the returns to college attendance in Canada in terms of health and mortality reduction. To do so, we first use a dynamic health microsimulation model to document how interventions that incentivize college attendance among high school graduates may impact their health trajectory, health care consumption, and life expectancy. We find large returns both in terms of evity (4.1years additional years at age 51), reduction in the prevalence of various health conditions (10-15 percentage points reduction in diabetes and 5 percentage points for stroke), and health care consumption (27.3% reduction in lifetime hospital stays, 19.7 for specialists). We find that education impacts mortality mostly by delaying the incidence of health conditions as well as providing a survival advantage conditional on having diseases. Second, we provide quasi-experimental evidence on the impact of college attendance on long-term health outcomes by exploiting the Canadian Veteran's Rehabilitation Act, a program targeted towards returning WW-II veterans and which incentivized college attendance. The impact on mortality is found to be larger than those estimated from the health microsimulation model (hazard ratio of 0.216 compared with 0.6 in the simulation model), which suggests substantial returns to college education in terms of healthy life extension which we estimate to be approximately one million canadian dollars.

The Effect of College Education on Health and Mortality: Evidence from Canada

We investigate the returns to college attendance in Canada in terms of health and mortality reduction. To do so, we first use a dynamic health microsimulation model to document how interventions which incentivize college attendance among high school graduates may impact their health trajectory, health care consumption and life expectancy. We find large returns both in terms of longevity (4.1 years additional years at age 51), reduction in the prevalence of various health conditions (10-15 percentage points reduction in diabetes and 5 percentage points for stroke) and health care consumption (27.3% reduction in lifetime hospital stays, 19.7 for specialists). We find that education impacts mortality mostly by delaying the incidence of health conditions as well as providing a survival advantage conditional on having diseases. Second, we provide quasi-experimental evidence on the impact of college attendance on long-term health outcomes by exploiting the Canadian Veteran's Rehabilitation Act, a program targeted towards returning WW-II veterans and which incentivized college attendance. The impact on mortality are found to be larger than those estimated from the health microsimulation model (hazard ratio of 0.216 compared to 0.6 in the simulation model) which suggests substantial returns to college education in terms of healthy life extension which we estimate to be approximately one million canadian dollars.

The effect of college education on intolerance: evidence from Google search data

ABSTRACTThis article explores the causal relationship between college education within a region and that region’s interest in hate-related topics. I utilize Google Trends search data for intolerance-related terms to measure regional interest in intolerance, and an instrumental variable based on the historical assignment of land grant colleges to obtain exogenous variation in cross-regional college-educated population shares. I find that there is a negative correlation between a region’s college-educated population share and that region’s search activity for intolerance-related terms. This correlation does not translate to a causal relationship, however, as the instrumental variables estimates are found to be small and statistically insignificant. This finding suggests that improving access to college-level education may not be an effective policy tool to combat hateful attitudes and behaviour.

A Study on the Temporal and Spatial Values of University Values in the New

Value education is the core of moral education and ideological and political education in colleges and universities. In the process of integrating the socialist core value system into the national education, we must follow the new development of the society in the new period and the new characteristics of the development of the current social values, and aim at the goal of "educating people first and moral education first" , To study the value of college students in colleges and universities facing the subject of education, to strengthen the effectiveness of value education strategy research, and constantly explore ways to enhance the effectiveness of education in colleges and universities to implement the values of education goals.

The Effect of College Education on Health and Mortality: Evidence from Canada

We investigate the returns to college attendance in Canada in terms of health and mortality reduction. To do so, we first use a dynamic health microsimulation model to document how interventions which incentivize college attendance among high school graduates may impact their health trajectory, health care consumption and life expectancy. We find large returns both in terms of longevity (4.1 years additional years at age 51), reduction in the prevalence of various health conditions (10-15 percentage points reduction in diabetes and 5 percentage points for stroke) and health care consumption (27.3% reduction in lifetime hospital stays, 19.7 for specialists). We find that education impacts mortality mostly by delaying the incidence of health conditions as well as providing a survival advantage conditional on having diseases. Second, we provide quasi-experimental evidence on the impact of college attendance on long-term health outcomes by exploiting the Canadian Veteran's Rehabilitation Act, a program targeted towards returning WW-II veterans and which incentivized college attendance. The impact on mortality are found to be larger than those estimated from the health microsimulation model (hazard ratio of 0.216 compared to 0.6 in the simulation model) which suggests substantial returns to college education in terms of healthy life extension which we estimate to be approximately one million Canadian dollars.

연예인 성접대 요구에 대한 관련전공 대학생들의 대응반응에 사회적 책임성과 연예계관행인식이 미치는 영향 : 성접대 인식의 매개효과 및 도덕 · 윤리교육의 조절효과분석을 중심으로

본 연구의 목적은 연예인 입문 또는 출연에 영향력을 행사할 수 있는 권력자(authority figures)의 성접대 요구상황에 대한 관련 전공 대학생들(605명)의 대응반응(‘성접대 대응반응’)은 어떠하여, 이들의 대응반응에 연예계 관행 수용정도 혹은 사회적 책임성이 각각 미치는 직접효과, 성접대 요구행위에 대한 인식(‘성접대 인식’의 매개효과, 그리고 대학에서 도덕 및 윤리교육이 미치는 조절효과 등을 실증적으로 규명하는 것이다. 자료분석방법은 주요 변수들 간의 인과관계 규명이 용이한 구조방정식모형(SEM)을 토대로, 최적 구조동일화 모형을 찾아서 분석하였다. 매개효과는 Bootstrapping 방법을 사용하였고, 조절효과분석은 다집단 분석(group analysis)을 실시하였다. 자료분석 결과 밝혀진 주요 발견점은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 대학에서 수강한 도덕 및 윤리교육의 수준이 저조하다고 보고한 집단의 경우, 연예계 관행 혹은 사회적 책임성은 모두 성접대 대응반응에 직접적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 못했지만 성접대 인식을 완전매개(full mediation)로 각각 유의한 영향을 미칠 수 있음이 확인되었다. 연예계 관행을 수용 수록, 사회적 책임성이 결여될수록, 성접대 요구행위를 수용 또는 용인하는 경향이 높았고, 성접대 인식은 성접대 대응반응에 매우 강한 직접효과를 미치는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 둘째, 도덕 및 윤리교육 수준이 양호한 집단의 경우에는, 사회적 책임성은 성접대 요구상황에서의 대응반응에 직접적으로 유의한 영향을 미치지 않았지만, 연예계 관행인식은 성접대 대응에 유의한 직접효과가 있는 것으로 밝혀졌다. 그리고 사회적 책임성은 성접대 요구에 대한 대응 반응에 직접효과는 미치지 못했지만, 성접대 인식을 완전매개로 유의한 영향을 미쳤다. 도덕 및 윤리 교육이 양호한 집단과 저조한 집단 간에 직간접 경로에서 다소 다른 양상이 발견되어 도덕 및 윤리교육의 유의미한 조절효과가 실증적으로 규명되었다. 연예계 관행을 수용할수록, 혹은 사회적 책임성이 결여될수록, 성접대 요구행위를 용인하는 경향이 높았다. 성접대 요구행위를 용인하는 경향이 강할수록 성접대 요구 상황에서 보다 적극적으로 대응 반응을 보일 가능성이 높아지는 현상이 매우 뚜렷하여, 성접대 요구에 대한 개인의 인식은 성접대 요구에 대한 개인의 대응반응에 매우 강한 직접효과를 미치는 것은 두 집단 모두에서 발견되었다. 전술한 주요 발견점을 토대로, 관련 전공 대학생들(연극영화, 방송연예, 미디어)을 대상으로 성접대 요구와 같은 성적 자율성 침해 상황에서 문제를 직면하고 보다 적극적으로 대처할 수 있는 방안모색에 필요한 함의를 논의하였다.

The effect of college education on mortality

We exploit exogenous variation in years of completed college induced by draft-avoidance behavior during the Vietnam War to examine the impact of college on adult mortality. Our estimates imply that increasing college attainment from the level of the state at the 25th percentile of the education distribution to that of the state at the 75th percentile would decrease cumulative mortality for cohorts in our sample by 8 to 10 percent relative to the mean. Most of the reduction in mortality is from deaths due to cancer and heart disease. We also explore potential mechanisms, including differential earnings and health insurance.

Identifying the effect of college education on business and employment survival

We use a multipronged identification strategy to estimate the effect of college education on business and employment survival. We account for the endogeneity of both education and business ownership with a competing risks duration model augmented with a college selection equation. We estimate the model jointly on the self-employed and salaried employees in the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979. Unlike most previous studies, we find that college does not increase business survival. By contrast, a college degree significantly increases employment survival. Cognitive skills have a positive impact on survival for both the self-employed and employees. These findings suggest that college benefits the self-employed less than salaried, perhaps by generating skills more useful in employment than self-employment, or because of differences in the value of signaling.

The effectiveness of college education for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Korea

As many people begin to understand the necessity of college education for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, regular and irregular college programs are expanding. However, research on the effects of college education for them is very scarce. This study attempts to show the effectiveness of college education for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Korea and draw implications for more enhanced college operating schemes. This paper uses a quantitative questionnaire survey and qualitative in-depth interviews. The target group for the questionnaire survey was students with intellectual and developmental disabilities, while the in-depth interviews were conducted with students and instructional staffs working in colleges for students with intellectual and developmental disabilities. According to the results of the survey and in-depth interviews conducted for this study, most students with intellectual and developmental disabilities are satisfied with their college life. They are having very positive experiences such as improvement of self-confidence, self-esteem, and independent living skills through college education. We come to know that higher education for individual with intellectual and developmental disabilities is effective in many aspects including even their employment prospect and the possibility of their full social integration.

Effects of college education on demonstrated happiness in the United States

Among the many documented benefits of a college education is a higher level of self-reported happiness. The present work considers instead the level of demonstrated happiness and unhappiness within groups, the latter proxied by the conditional probability of suicide within groups having a college education and those without. Those with college are not happier for it, in these terms, and actually have slightly higher rates of suicide than those without college, based on a recent US data.

Increasing heterogeneity in the economic returns to higher education in urban China

This study investigates individual heterogeneity in the economic returns to higher education in urban China following large-scale higher education expansion. We draw on data from the urban section of two waves of the Chinese General Social Survey, analyzing a sample of 1022 individuals in total who (1) were aged between 25 and 32; (2) completed high school education; and (3) were currently employed. Individual-level estimates of the distributions of the returns to higher education are obtained using a nonparametric kernel approach. While the average rate of returns to higher education increased for the 2003–2010 period, the extent of heterogeneity in these returns increased as well. Analysis of the heterogeneous returns to higher education across the distribution of income shows that the effects of college education are greatest at the upper end of the income distribution. Moreover, effect heterogeneity across the income distribution increased from 2003 to 2010.

The Effect of College Education on Health

The Effect of College Education on Health

Postmaterialism and Post-Industrialism: Cultural Influences on Female Representation in State Legislatures

AbstractIn the last 30 years, female state legislative representation in the United States has increased steadily and dramatically. While the cross-sectional variation in this representation has been studied at length, longitudinal changes have yet to be explained. We attempt to do this using two theories of large-scale cultural and political attitude change over the last several decades—postmaterialism and post-industrialism. Our empirical analyses are more consistent with post-industrialism theory than postmaterialism theory. We find that both cross-sectional differences and longitudinal changes in the percentage of state legislators who are female are explained primarily by college education and religious adherence, not age cohort or income. The effects of college education and religious adherence remain strong even in the presence of controls for other cultural and institutional variables that have been found to influence the sexual composition of state legislatures. Thus, our study suggests the existence of an education-religion cleavage on social issues among Americans.

Manifestations of Poverty and Birthrates among Young Teenagers in California Zip Code Areas

Given that many communities are implementing community-wide initiatives to reduce teenage pregnancy or childbearing, it is important to understand the effects of a community's characteristics on adolescent birthrates. Data from the 1990 census and from California birth certificates were obtained for zip codes in California. Regression analyses were conducted on data from zip code areas with at least 200 females aged 15-17 between 1991 and 1996, to predict the effects of race and ethnicity marital status, education, employment, income and poverty, and housing on birthrates among young teenagers. In bivariate analyses, the proportion of families living below poverty level within a zip code was highly related to the birthrate among young teenagers in that zip code (r=.80, p<.001). In multivariate analyses, which controlled for some of the correlates of family poverty level, the proportion of families living below poverty level remained by far the most important predictor of the birthrate among young teenagers (b=1.54), followed by the proportion of adults aged 25 or older who have a college education (b=-0.80). Race and ethnicity were only weakly related to birthrate. In all three racial and ethnic groups, poverty and education were significantly related to birthrate, but the effect of college education was greater among Hispanics (b=-2.98) than among either non-Hispanic whites (b=-0.53) or blacks (b=-1.12). Male employment and unemployment and female unemployment were highly related to the birthrate among young teenagers in some racial or ethnic groups, but not in others. Multiple manifestations of poverty, including poverty itself, low levels of education and employment, and high levels of unemployment, may have a large impact upon birthrates among young teenagers. Addressing some of these issues could substantially reduce childbearing among young adolescents.

Demographic Change and Income Inequality in the United States, 1976-1989

"The U.S. economy experienced significant increases in the degree of income inequality over the past two decades.... In this paper we consider the effects of race, age, female headship, and college education on the distribution of family income by developing a multivariate methodology that allows us to gauge the influence of one factor while holding other determinants of family incomes constant. Over the period studied we find that race had only a minor effect on the overall size distribution of income. Age had a somewhat greater effect than race. In contrast, the impact of female heads and college education were quite substantial. The multivariate estimates reveal that the effects of female heads and college education both increase the Gini to a much greater extent than the progressivity of federal income taxes decreases it. The effects of college education and female headed families on inequality have grown larger across time, while the influence of age has declined. We find that the effects of race on inequality have changed little over the 1976 to 1989 period."