Effectiveness Of Cognitive-behavioral Intervention Research Articles

Child behavioral assessment and cognitive-behavioral interventions in schools

In this article, we first review the basic principles and practices of child behavioral assessment. We define child behavioral assessment as an exploratory, hypothesis-testing approach in which a variety of procedures are used to: a) understand a given child, group, or social ecology; and b) plan and implement an intervention based on that understanding. Next, we examine the effects of cognitive-behavioral interventions in the treatment of school refusal. We conclude that although broad-based cognitive-behavioral procedures are generally effective with school-refusing youngsters, they can be enhanced by a prescriptive treatment approach in which assessment information is used to tailor the treatment to the specified problem of a given school-refusing child. Different conditions that serve to motivate school refusal are used to illustrate this approach. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Response of African American and Caucasian women to cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD

The present study examined the influence of ethnicity on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral treatment for PTSD in female victims of sexual and nonsexual assault. Ninety-five women with chronic PTSD (60 Caucasian and 35 African American) were randomly assigned to either active cognitive behavioral treatment or wait list control. Active treatment consisted of nine, twice-weekly, individual sessions of prolonged exposure, stress inoculation training, or a combination. Independent evaluations were conducted at pretreatment, posttreatment, and 12-month follow-up. African Americans and Caucasians did not differ in terms of pretreatment psychopathology or general functioning, dropout rates from treatment, or overall treatment efficacy. These results are discussed within the context of the need for future exploration of ethnocultural factors in the treatment of PTSD.

Meta-analysis of CBT for Bulimia Nervosa: Investigating the Effects Using DSM-III-R and DSM-IV Criteria

This meta-analysis reports the effects of cognitive-behavioural treatment (CBT) on bulimia nervosa as defined by the DSM-III-R or DSM-IV criteria. In a previous meta-analysis, 26 studies were included using less strict diagnostic criteria for inclusion. The present meta-analysis only included randomized controlled studies fulfilling the DSM-III-R or DSM-IV criteria. Computer searches in MedLine, PsychLIT and references cited herein resulted in a large number articles, of which only seven fulfilled the criteria for inclusion. Effect sizes for binge eating and purging frequency were estimated using both between-group (treatment vs control) and within-group (pre- vs post-treatment) comparisons. The combined within-group effect size for binge eating was r = 0.55 ( d = 1.32) and for purging r = 0.61 ( d = 1.54). The corresponding combined effects for the between-group comparisons were r = 0.23 ( d = 0.47) and r = 0.28 ( d = 0.58), respectively. The combined probabilities for frequency of purging in between- and within-group comparisons were p = 0.00001 and p = 0.00000001, respectively. Although the number of studies included in the meta-analysis was limited, the obtained results are in line with the findings of the previous meta-analysis, and support the efficacy of CBT for the treatment of bulimia nervosa. This suggestion is also supported by the fact that in all the studies except one, comparison groups had received other active treatments.

Effects of cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder with agoraphobia on concurrent alcohol abuse

Research has shown that panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA) and alcohol abuse co-occur frequently. One theory suggests that alcohol consumption is motivated by the goal of tension reduction and that “self-medication” will decrease with successful treatment of the anxiety disorder as more adaptive coping skills are employed by the patient. The present study is a series of three case studies examining the effects of a cognitive-behavioral treatment for PDA on concurrent alcohol abuse. At posttreatment, two patients reported a remission of PDA while the third patient had a decline, but not a remission, in the severity of PDA. All patients had diagnoses of alcohol abuse in early full remission at posttreatment. At 6-month follow-up, one patient continued to have no clinical diagnoses, one patient had a clinical diagnosis of PDA but no alcohol abuse, and one patient had clinical diagnoses of PDA and alcohol abuse. Suggestions for future research with this population are discussed.

Treating depression in adolescence: A review of the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments

The literature of the last decade reveals a renewed interest in treating adolescent depression. Several treatments have been proposed that are derived from adult models, but few studies have evaluated their efficiency. Those that have been done, have typically used a cognitive-behavioral approach. This article reviews studies published from 1980 to 1994 on the efficacy of these programs. Groups of 6–10 adolescents were treated in these programs. Some programs also included treatment for parents. Treatments were multimodal, utilizing intervention strategies from cognitive and/or behavioral models of depression. Treatment components included relaxation, cognitive restructuring, self-control skills, and communication and problem-solving skills. Studies were most often done in school settings but only rarely in a clinical milieux. Depression measures included self-report questionnaires and semistructured interviews. Results suggest that short-term group cognitive-behavioral interventions are effective with early and late adolescents. Futhermore, depressive symptoms remained improved at follow-up. No single strategy, however, seemed to be clearly more effective than the others.

Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for irritable bowel syndrome: effects and long-term follow-up.

Little is known about the effectiveness of cognitive behavioral treatment for patients with irritable bowel syndrome on a group basis. Previous studies have used only small samples, and studies with long term follow-up are lacking. The arm of the present study was to investigate: a) the effectiveness of a cognitive-behavioral group treatment compared with a waiting list control condition in alleviating abdominal complaints and b) the long term effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral group treatment. In study 1, we performed a controlled study with 25 patients in the group treatment condition and 20 patients in the waiting list control condition. Treatment consisted of eight 2-hour group sessions over a period of 3 months. In study 2, all patients were treated and followed up for an average of 2.25 years (range 6 months-4 years) after the completion of the group treatment. The abdominal complaints of the patients who underwent treatment were found to improve significantly more than the complaints of the patients awaiting treatment. Moreover, in agreement with the purpose of the therapy, the number of successful coping strategies was found to increase more and patients' avoidance behavior was found to decrease more in the treatment group than in the waiting list control group. The positive changes appeared to persist during follow-up. Cognitive-behavioral group treatment is effective in alleviating irritable bowel syndrome, in stimulating coping strategies, and in reducing avoidance behavior. At long term follow-up, the abdominal complaints, the number of successful coping strategies, and the avoidance behavior were still improved compared with the pretreatment assessment.

Cognitive behavioral pain and anxiety interventions in pediatric oncology centers and bone marrow transplant units.

Although research conducted on the treatment of pain and anxiety in children has found a number of cognitive behavioral interventions to be effective, it is not known to what extent this research has been put into practice. The purpose of this project was to obtain information on the use of cognitive behavioral interventions to help children and families cope with the pain and anxiety experienced during lumbar punctures and bone marrow aspirations. In this descriptive study, 15 Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Units and 32 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Centers from across the country were surveyed using a questionnaire developed to obtain information on the use and effectiveness of cognitive behavioral interventions and the availability of support services. This survey indicates that most centers use a number of cognitive behavioral interventions to help children cope with painful procedures. However, some interventions, such as providing information before procedures and positive reinforcement after procedures, are used more frequently than interventions, such as rhythmic breathing, distraction, and imagery, that require more time and training. A variety of support services were available, although psychological services were primarily available on an as needed basis and support groups were not usually offered on an ongoing basis. In general, nurses are the major providers of these interventions, with other professionals providing interventions specific to their training. Nurses need to continue to study appropriate ways to incorporate use of effective cognitive behavioral interventions into the routine care of children with cancer.

Cognitive behavioral pain and anxiety interventions in Pediatric Oncology Centers and Bone Marrow Transplant Units

Although research conducted on the treatment of pain and anxiety in children has found a number of cognitive behavioral interventions to be effective, it is not known to what extent this research has been put into practice. The purpose of this project was to obtain information on the use of cognitive behavioral interventions to help children and families cope with the pain and anxiety experienced during lumbar punctures and bone marrow aspirations. In this descriptive study, 15 Pediatric Bone Marrow Transplant Units and 32 Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Centers from across the country were surveyed using a questionnaire developed to obtain information on the use and effectiveness of cognitive behavioral interventions and the availability of support services. This survey indicates that most centers use a number of cognitive behavioral interventions to help children cope with painful procedures. However, some interventions, such as providing information before procedures and positive reinforcement after procedures, are used more frequently than interventions, such as rhythmic breathing, distraction, and imagery, that require more time and training. A variety of support services were available, although psychological services were primarily available on an as needed basis and support groups were not usually offered on an ongoing basis. In general, nurses are the major providers of these interventions, with other professionals providing interventions specific to their training. Nurses need to continue to study appropriate ways to incorporate use of effective cognitive behavioral interventions into the routine care of children with cancer.

What do we know about the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioural treatment for sex offenders?

Cognitive-behavioural treatment for sex offenders has developed rapidly in the last 20 years. Despite the popularity of this approach the evidence for effectiveness is sparse and not generally well known. This paper reviews the results of some of the more comprehensive evaluations and pinpoints those features of programmes that contribute to effectiveness. These features include relapse prevention, techniques for identifying and interrupting offence cycles as well as good management and length of programmes.

The effect of a cognitive behavioral intervention on oral hygiene

Several medical areas that require patient compliance have successfully used psychological interventions emphasizing cognitive behavioral components. However, there are no published reports on the effect of cognitive behavioral interventions on oral hygiene in adults using an experimental design. For this study, 100 male veterans age 21-65 years were randomly assigned to 4 groups (cognitive behavioral, education, attention control, and control); to compare the effectiveness of these interventions on oral hygiene, a 5-week pre-test-post-test design was utilized. The dependent variables were self-report of brushing and flossing behavior and dental plaque levels utilizing the plaque index. After the interventions, there was only one significant difference between the control and the experimental groups for brushing frequency. There were no significant differences among the experimental groups for this intervention. The self-report of flossing frequency significantly increased in all 3 treatment groups, but there were no significant differences between these groups. In addition, plaque levels decreased significantly in all 3 experimental groups. Plaque levels in the cognitive behavioral group were significantly lower than those of the educational group. It was not possible to determine whether the greater plaque reduction in the cognitive-behavioral group could be attributed to the nature of the intervention or to the extra time spent with patients in the cognitive behavioral group.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments in reducing Type A behavior among university faculty.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments in reducing Type A behavior among university faculty.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments in reducing Type A behavior among university faculty: One year later.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments in reducing Type A behavior among university faculty: One year later.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments in reducing Type A behavior among university faculty.

Effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral treatments in reducing Type A behavior among university faculty.