Effects Of Climate Change Research Articles

Effects of Climate Change on Fort Patiko Historical Site in Northern Uganda

This study investigated the effect of climate change on Fort Patiko in Gulu District, in Northern Uganda from 1972 to 2023. Archaeological and historic sites are under threat of climate change, characterised by global warming, heavy rains and flooding, drought and extreme weather events. Fort Patiko may not be an exception. The study established that Fort Patiko's originality and physical appearance have been impacted by climate change. Due to rain and heat waves, the rock's colour and structures have changed over time. Wind, rain, and humidity agents of erosion are weakening the rock structures. There are fewer studies which have tried to explore the effect of climate change on Fort Patiko, therefore, this study will fill the gap. Qualitative and quantitative research methods were employed for this study to understand the diversity and intensity of the effect of climate change on the Fort Patiko historical site. The ethnohistorical research design was used to extract historical narratives and events pointing to the effects of climate change on Fort Patiko. Data was collected through, a review of documents and reports on climate change in the region; direct observation, and interviews with local community members to explore the nature and effects of climate change on Fort Patiko. A total of 55 participants were interviewed. Thematic analysis was used to identify key characteristics and effects of climate change on the Fort Patiko historical site

Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards vector-borne diseases in changing climate in Finland.

With climate change, the geographic distribution of some VBDs has expanded, highlighting the need for adaptation, and managing the risks associated with emergence in new areas. We conducted a questionnaire survey on the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) about vector-borne diseases (VBDs) among sample of Finnish residents. The questions were scored and the level of KAP was determined based on scoring as poor, fair, good, or excellent. Binary logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the associations of different KAP levels with sex, age, education, and possible previous VPD infection. We received 491/1995 (25%) responses across the country and detected generally good knowledge, but only fair practices towards VBDs. Sex and age of the respondents were most often significantly associated with the level of KAP (P>0.05). Despite the generally good knowledge, we detected major gaps, especially regarding the distinction of tick-borne encephalitis and Lyme borreliosis (LB), risk of disease, and protective measures. Additionally, many respondents thought the vaccination protects against LB or tick bites. This calls for awareness raising on disease risk and prevention measures. With increasing cases and the effects of climate change, surveillance of VBDs communication to the general public should be strengthened.

Composition of soil fungal communities and microbial activity along an elevational gradient in Mt. Jiri, Republic of Korea

Approximately 64% of the Republic of Korea comprises mountainous areas, which as cold and high-altitude regions are gravely affected by climate change. Within the mountainous and the alpine-subalpine ecosystems, microbial communities play a pivotal role in biogeochemical cycling and partly regulate climate change through such cycles. We investigated the composition and function of microbial communities, with a focus on fungal communities, in Republic of Korea’s second tallest mountain, Mt. Jiri, along a four-point-altitude gradient: 600-, 1,000-, 1,200-, and 1,400-m. Soil pH and elevation were negatively correlated, with soils becoming more acidic at higher altitude. Of the five soil enzyme activities analyzed, cellobiohydrolase, β-1,4-glucosidase, and β-1,4-xylosidase activity showed differences among the elevation levels, with lower activity at 600 m than that at 1,400 m. Soil microbial biomass correlated positively with increasing elevation and soil water content. The decrease in β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase suggests a reduction in fungal biomass with increasing altitude, while factors other than elevation may influence the increase in activity of the cellobiohydrolase, β-1,4-glucosidase and β-1,4-xylosidase. Fungal alpha diversity did not exhibit an elevational trend, whereas beta diversity formed two clusters (600–1,000 m and 1,200–1,400 m). Community composition was similar among the elevations, with Basidiomycota being the most predominant phylum, followed by Ascomycota. Conversely, among the fungal communities at 1,000 m, Ascomycota was the most dominant, possibly due to increased pathotroph percentage. Elevational gradients induce changes in soil properties, vegetation, and climate factors such as temperature and precipitation, all of which impact soil microbial communities and altogether create a mutually reinforcing system. Hence, inspection of elevation-based microbial communities can aid in inferring ecosystem properties, specifically those related to nutrient cycling, and can partly help assess the oncoming direct and indirect effects of climate change.

Tropical High Cloud Feedback Relationships to Climate Sensitivity

Abstract Clouds constitute a large portion of uncertainty in predictions of equilibrium climate sensitivity (ECS). While low cloud feedbacks have been the focus of intermodel studies due to their high variability among global climate models, tropical high cloud feedbacks also exhibit considerable uncertainty. Here, we apply the cloud radiative kernel technique of Zelinka et al. to 22 models across the CMIP5 and CMIP6 ensembles to survey tropical high cloud feedbacks and analyze their relationship to ECS. We find that the net high cloud feedback and its altitude and optical depth feedback components are significantly positively correlated with ECS in the tropical mean. On the other hand, the tropical mean high cloud amount feedback is not correlated with ECS. These relationships are most pronounced outside of areas of strong climatological ascent, suggesting the importance of thin cirrus feedbacks. Finally, we explore connections between high cloud feedbacks, climate sensitivity, and mean state high cloud properties. In general, high ECS models are cloudier in the upper troposphere but have a thinner high cloud population. Moreover, we find that having more thin cirrus in the mean state relates to more positive high cloud altitude and optical depth feedbacks, and it either amplifies or dampens the high cloud amount feedback depending on the large-scale dynamical regime (amplifying in descent and dampening in ascent). In summary, our analysis highlights the importance of tropical high cloud feedbacks for driving intermodel spread in ECS and suggests that mean state high cloud characteristics might provide a unique opportunity for observationally constraining high cloud feedbacks. Significance Statement Clouds play an important role in modulating the effects of climate change through feedback processes involving changes to their amount, altitude, and opacity. In this study, we seek to understand how changes to tropical high clouds under warming are related to the magnitude of warming that global climate models simulate. We find that tropical high cloud feedbacks robustly relate to the amount of warming a model predicts and that warmer models tend to have a thinner tropical high cloud climatology. Our results highlight a potential opportunity to form a new constraint using these relationships in order to narrow the spread of warming estimates among global climate models.

Landslides in a changing world

Abstract This article investigates the multifaceted dimensions to understand the interrelatedness among global change drivers and their implications for landslide hazards and disaster risk. Drawing on empirical research, it utilised a mixed-methods design; the research combined diverse data sources and experiential insights on the interdependencies bounded by local context and global scale. The findings underscore the urgent need for holistic approaches that consider the complex dimensions of landslides as socio-natural hazards and global change, emphasising the importance of collaboration, innovation, and international cooperation in building resilience and mitigating the adverse effects of landslide disaster risk on global systems and societies. Furthermore, the challenge of reducing landslide disaster risk lies in understanding and addressing the interplay between socio-environmental transformations and geodynamic processes. The escalating effects of climate change, urban expansion, and deforestation are anticipated to magnify the occurrence of landslides, thereby posing significant risks to human lives, infrastructure, ecosystems, and livelihoods. However, most importantly, these risks are further compounded by environmental, social, economic, political, cultural, and technological spheres associated with globalisation. The systemic nature of disaster risk, particularly landslides in a changing world, highlights the interconnectedness of different systems, resulting in complex causality and cascading impacts. These insights contribute to the broader discourse on sustainability by providing empirical evidence that supports integrated approaches to achieving long-term disaster risk reduction based upon the equitable and sustainable use of territories while integrating robust disaster risk management strategies to ensure resilient communities and ecosystems.

Productivity of coniferous forests evaluated by remote sensing and field-based models

Abstract The inadequacy of Norway spruce (NS) monocultures in fulfilling ecosystem services, due to deteriorating health and consequent forest ecosystem collapses, has recently become a concerning issue for the forestry sector in Central Europe. This study investigates spruce forest productivity using in-situ field observations (DendroNetwork) and satellite remote sensing (RS) data in the Czech Republic during the past two decades. Tree growth index and moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer net primary productivity were used to assess productivity at the national scale along an elevation gradient. The analyses of spatiotemporal variation in carbon dynamics indicate a decreasing trend in productivity in 51% and 80% (2800 km2 and 4200 km2) of the spruce stands from the RS and in-situ data, respectively. The increasing trend is particularly evident in montane regions, where satellite data identified an elevation threshold around 900 m a.s.l. while in-situ data 700 m a.s.l. In these energy-limited montane areas, NS may benefit from increased temperatures and may remain relatively safe from drought stress. The decreasing trends detected by both approaches indicate deteriorating conditions for NS in lower elevations. This study suggests that combining in-situ and RS data provides an efficient and robust way to estimate forest productivity at the national scale. The anticipated response of spruce forests associated with declines in productivity and growth in areas with low to moderate elevation points to the adverse effects of climate change by shifting the ecological optimum to higher elevations. We conclude that detailed mapping of forest response to changing environmental conditions is critical to support sustainable forest management and decision-making, ultimately reflecting the need to adopt adequate strategies to mitigate the impacts of climate change and related natural and anthropogenic disturbances.

Attribution of a record-breaking cold event in the historically warmest year of 2023 and assessing future risks

An unexpected record-breaking cold event struck eastern China in December 2023, causing widespread transportation shutdowns, power supply shortages, and agricultural crop damage. The manner in which such an extraordinary cold event was formed under global warming is unclear, as is the way in which anthropogenic climate change may affect the present and future frequency and intensity of similar cold events. Here, we show that the large-scale atmospheric circulation associated with the warm Arctic was the main event driver, explaining 83 ± 2% of the intensity of the 2023 cold event, whereas the thermodynamic effect of climate change suppressed the event intensity by −6 ± 3% in ERA5 and −22 ± 2% in HadGEM3-A-N216. An attribution analysis based on coupled model simulations shows that, due to anthropogenic climate change, the frequency and intensity of 2023-like events decrease by 92.5 ± 2.5% and 1.9 ± 0.2 °C, respectively, under the 2023 climate state. The thermodynamic effect of anthropogenic climate change outweighs its dynamic effect. Future projections indicate that the frequency and intensity of these 2023-like events will further decrease by 95 ± 3% and 2.05 ± 0.25 °C by the end of this century under an intermediate-emissions scenario compared with estimates made under the present climate. In contrast, 2023-like events will be similar to present events when the 1.5 °C target of the Paris Agreement is achieved. These findings highlight the dampening effect of anthropogenic climate change on cold events, but adaptation measures for future risks of 2023-like cold events will be needed by the end of the century if carbon neutrality is achieved.

Research on the Role of Biodiversity in Protecting the Ecosystem Against Climate Change

As climate change intensifies, its impact on ecosystems has become increasingly severe, threatening the survival of various species and leading to habitat destruction, biodiversity loss, and ecosystem degradation. Biodiversity, encompassing the variety of life on Earth, plays a critical role in maintaining ecosystem stability, buffering against the effects of climate change, and enhancing ecosystem resilience. This study explores the multifaceted role of biodiversity in supporting ecosystem functionality amidst the challenges posed by climate change. By reviewing existing literature and case studies across different ecosystems, this research highlights biodiversity facilitates nutrient cycling and energy flow, which stabilizes the ecosystem, acts as a natural buffer against extreme weather events, and enhances ecosystem resilience by providing functional redundancy. The findings underscore the importance of biodiversity conservation as a strategy to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and sustain the health and functionality of ecosystems worldwide.

‘We are of One Ecology’: How Indigenous Pacific Islander Poetics Map Anthropogenic Climate Change

ABSTRACT While activists, scientists and even politicians have sounded the alarm regarding anthropocentrically-fueled climate change for decades, there is still cause for hope. Indigenous peoples, particularly coastal peoples, have been engaging with the effects of climate change and working to mitigate them for decades, often using traditional ecological knowledge, or TEK. Kyle Powys Whyte, Zoe Todd and other Indigenous scholars working in the environmental sciences, environmental humanities and Indigenous studies more broadly have explored and documented how various Indigenous communities are refusing displacement from this latest crisis caused by colonization. This essay examines the work of several Indigenous Pacific Islander poets whose experiences as both Indigenous peoples and island dwellers provide unique and important insights into the ongoing discussions of anthropogenic climate change. Craig Santos Perez (CHamoru), No‘u Revilla (Kanaka ʻŌiwi [Hawaiian]), Kathy Jetnñil-Kijiner (Marshallese) and Brandy Nālani McDougall (Kanaka ʻŌiwi [Hawaiian]), who live and write from the Pacific Islands explore climate change both as a global event and as the result of a long line of ecological violences that have exploited Indigenous peoples and their lands. Yet, their poems often highlight how kinships with one another and the environment can provide hope in this time of seeming hopelessness.

Assessing the Impacts of Climatic and Water Management Scenarios in a Small Mountainous Greek River

The water resource management of transboundary mountainous river basins under climate change is expected to be challenging. In order to contribute to the better understanding of climate change effects on the water resources of the mountainous and transboundary Prespa Lakes basin, a hydrological model of the Agios Germanos River, one of the main rivers discharging to Great Prespa Lake, was developed, and two water management plans under two different climate scenarios were examined. Based on the results, the impact of climate change on surface water resources was evident in all climate change scenarios examined, even under the most favorable water abstraction practices. Nevertheless, sensible water management can moderate the impact of climate change by up to 10% in an optimistic scenario in both the near- and long-term, and by up to 6% and 1% for the near- and long-term, respectively, in a pessimistic scenario. Integrated water management practices that moderate the impact of climate change on the water ecosystem services should be prioritized. Nature-based approaches could provide solutions regarding climate change adaptation and mitigation. Transboundary cooperation, data exchange mechanisms, common policy frameworks, and monitoring, reporting, and evaluation systems, could reduce human and ecosystems’ vulnerabilities and improve the water security of the area.

Effects of Climate Change on Malaria Risk to Human Health: A Review

Malaria, a severe vector-borne disease, affects billions of people globally and claims over half a million lives annually. Climate change can impact lifespan and the development of vectors. There is a gap in organized, multidisciplined research on climate change’s impact on malaria incidence and transmission. This review assesses and summarizes research on the effects of change in climate on human health, specifically on malaria. Results suggest that higher temperatures accelerate larval development, promote reproduction, enhance blood feed frequency, increase digestion, shorten vector life cycles, and lower mortality rates. Rainfall provides aquatic stages, extends mosquitoes’ lifespans, and increases cases. Mosquito activity increases with high humidity, which facilitates malaria transmission. Flooding can lead to increased inhabitation development, vector population growth, and habitat diversion, increasing breeding sites and the number of cases. Droughts can increase vector range by creating new breeding grounds. Strong storms wash Anopheles’ eggs and reproduction habitat. It limits reproduction and affects disease outbreaks. The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) indirectly alter malaria transmission. The study recommends strengthening collaboration between policymakers, researchers, and stakeholders to reduce malaria risks. It also suggests strengthening control mechanisms and improved early warnings.

10-Years of imagery from a cabled-observatory reveals a decreasing trend in coastal fish biodiversity.

Monitoring the effects of climate change and other multi-years processes on coastal ecosystems require long-term datasets that may extend into decades. One tool to achieve this are cabled seafloor observatories that can collect continual streams of environmental and biological data as long as the equipment is maintained. Here, we used 10-years of time-lapse images (every 30 mins) from the OBSEA seafloor cabled observatory located at 20m depth, four km offshore from Vilanova i la Geltrú (Spain) coast, to characterize temporal trends in fish community dynamics. These temporal trends were compared to in situ and remotely-sensed (MODIS-Aqua) data on temperature, salinity, and chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a). We observed a reduction in fish diversity over time and an increase in species turnover. Specifically, there was a decrease in the relative abundance of fish species at the lowest trophic levels alongside an increase in predators, suggesting a top-down effect. Of temperature, salinity, and Chl-a, only salinity exhibited a significant change over time. Nevertheless, the Generalized Additive Models (GAMs) revealed significant correlations between fish biodiversity indices and both temperature and Chl-a. Following models results we concluded that environmental variables affected the local fish community only at seasonal level. Including more environmental variables, such as fishing activity and pollution, in the applied models may help explain the detected decreases in biodiversity.

Why the Real Atmosphere Has More Energy than Climate Models: Implications for Ground-Based Telescopes

The calculation of Gibbs free energy via the statistical multifractal analysis of airborne observations indicates that the atmosphere is not at local thermodynamic equilibrium. Both climate models and meteorological analyses assume that it is. Satellite retrievals use spectroscopic data taken at equilibrium in laboratories, leading to apparent consistency that is to some degree faulty. Line shapes of radiatively active species, the rotational energy of molecular nitrogen and oxygen, and the translational energy of all molecules are involved, resulting in less energy in models than exists in the real atmosphere. The resulting formulation of turbulence is from the smallest scales up and has implications for astronomical observation by adaptive optics. Kolmogorov (isotropy) is not evident. The effect of temperature on the overhead water vapour column at ground-based telescopes is also open to the effects of climate change. The degree to which the dynamic operational temperature differs from that obtained by the use of local thermodynamic equilibrium assumptions needs to be established by observational measurements. Some of the considerations will apply to the atmospheres of exoplanets with regard to photochemistry and signatures of life.

Comparative study on lake ice phenology changes and driving factors in large lakes of mid-latitude Xinjiang, China.

The changes in lake ice phenology (LIP) can intuitively reflect the climate evolution in the regions where lakes are located, serving as an important indicator of climate change. The Tianshan Mountains, situated at the southern edge of freezing lakes in the Northern Hemisphere, are a crucial water resource base in Xinjiang and support significant ecosystems closely related to human activities. In the context of intensified climate change, this study focuses on the geographical location, altitude, and water quality differences among large lake groups in the mid-latitude region of Xinjiang, aiming to explore the characteristics of LIP changes in these lakes and their responses to driving factors, thereby providing a basis for effective environmental management and protection. This research conducts a comparative analysis of the LIP changes and driving factors of three large lakes-Sayram Lake (SL), Bosten Lake (BL), and Ebnur Lake (EL)-using multi-source remote sensing data to reveal the response and adaptation mechanisms of lakes under global warming. It effectively captures the time series variations of ice formation and melting, as well as the common responses to environmental and climatic factors. The results indicate that SL has experienced significant climate change effects, with earlier freezing times and accelerated melting speeds; In contrast, EL and BL have shown relatively minor changes, suggesting that geographical and hydrological factors may buffer the impacts of climate. The study finds that all three lakes are jointly influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, wind speed, and precipitation; however, due to differences in altitude, lake surface area, and water transparency, their responses to these climatic factors vary significantly. For instance, SL's high altitude gives water transparency a dominant role in LIP, while BL's larger surface area enhances the impact of precipitation and thermal capacity on the melting process. This indicates that, despite facing similar climate pressures, local environmental conditions can lead to different trends in ice phenology changes. This study offers a novel and efficient monitoring method for LIP, providing valuable insights for future LIP research and water resource management.

The impact of climate change on the nearly threatened taxa Elaeocarpus munroi (Wight) Mast. inhabiting in the forest of the Western Ghats.

Elaeocarpus munroi (Wight) Mast., commonly called Nilgiri Marble Tree, is a nearly threatened taxa as per the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). This species is endemic to the southern Western Ghats. The present study examines its spatial distribution across the sky islands of the Western Ghats under different climate scenarios (1900-2100) using four shared socioeconomic pathways (SSPs). Species distribution modeling was conducted using ensemble techniques in R, along with various ecological niche modeling algorithms. The present study examines the past, present, and future distribution of E. munroi across the Western Ghats. Historical projections indicated that the highest habitat suitability areas for the species were in the southern and central regions of the Western Ghats. The model projections for the species from 2021 to 2100 indicate a noticeable northward shift in habitat suitability. As climate scenarios change, the central and northern regions of the Western Ghats are becoming more suitable for it. This anticipated shift poses a potential threat to the species persistence, as the availability of suitable habitats decline in its historically preferred southern range. This range shift, coupled with E. munroi's near-threatened status, emphasizes the urgent need for its conservation interventions. This study pioneers efforts to understand and mitigate the impacts of climate change on E. munroi. This, in turn, offers a foundation for developing targeted conservation strategies in this ecologically important region. The findings highlight the importance of integrating climate change into conservation planning and management practices to safeguard the future of species like E. munroi within the broader ecosystem they inhabit. This study contributes to the growing body of research addressing the complex interplay between climate change and biodiversity conservation, thereby underscoring the need for collaborative and proactive approaches to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.

Parental effects provide an opportunity for coral resilience following major bleaching events.

Identifying processes that promote coral reef recovery and resilience is crucial as ocean warming becomes more frequent and severe. Sexual reproduction is essential for the replenishment of coral populations and maintenance of genetic diversity; however, the ability for corals to reproduce may be impaired by marine heatwaves that cause coral bleaching. In 2014 and 2015, the Hawaiian Islands experienced coral bleaching with differential bleaching susceptibility in the species Montipora capitata, a dominant reef-building coral in the region. We tested the hypothesis that coral bleaching resistance enhances reproductive capacity and offspring performance by examining the reproductive biology of colonies that bleached and recovered (B) and colonies that did not bleach (NB) in 2015 in the subsequent spawning seasons. The proportion of colonies that spawned was higher in 2016 than in 2017. Regardless of parental bleaching history, we found eggs with higher abnormality and bundles with fewer eggs in 2016 than 2017. While reproductive output was similar between B and NB colonies in 2016, survivorship of offspring that year were significantly influenced by the parental bleaching history (egg donor × sperm donor: B × B, B × NB, NB × B, and NB × NB). Offspring produced by NB egg donors had the highest survivorship, while offspring from previously bleached colonies had the lowest survivorship, highlighting the negative effects of bleaching on parental investment and offspring performance. While sexual reproduction continues in M. capitata post-bleaching, gametes are differentially impacted by recovery time following a bleaching event and by parental bleaching resistance. Our results demonstrate the importance of identifying bleaching resistant individuals during and after heating events. This study further highlights the significance of maternal effects through potential egg provisioning for offspring survivorship and provides a baseline for human-assisted intervention (i.e., selective breeding) to mitigate the effects of climate change on coral reefs.

The Role of Technological Innovation in Mitigating Climate Change Risks in Agricultural Investment

This paper examines the critical role of technological innovations in mitigating climate change risks within the agricultural sector, using Cargill as a case study. Climate change poses considerable threats to agriculture, including unpredictable weather patterns, increased severity of extreme events, and disruptions to food production. However, advanced technological solutions such as artificial intelligence, drone technology, and precision agriculture offer promising ways to address these challenges. This essay demonstrates how Cargill has successfully incorporated these technologies to reduce climate-related risks and enhance operational resilience. In addition, the essay provides recommendations for policymakers, large agricultural corporations, and small-scale farmers on leveraging these innovations effectively. These interventions are adaptable to various farming systems, regardless of whether the focus is on livestock or crop production. By embracing these cutting-edge technologies, farmers of all sizes can safeguard their operations from the adverse effects of climate change, ensuring more sustainable and resilient agricultural practices in the long term.

The Influence of Edaphic and Climatic Factors on the Morphophysiological Behavior of Young Argan Plants Cultivated in Orchards: A Comparative Analysis of Three Regions in Southwest Morocco

Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels is a unique endemic species in Morocco, renowned for its ecological characteristics and socio-economic importance. In Morocco, recent years have seen an exacerbation of the harmful effects of climate change, leading to an alarming decline in the natural regeneration of this species in its original habitats. It seems that the only viable solution lies in the domestication of this genetic heritage. This study marks the first in-depth investigation of the impact of various climatic and edaphic factors on the morphological and physiological traits of Argania spinosa young plants, assessed in six separate orchards and observed over four seasons (March 2022 (Winter), June 2022 (Summer), November 2022 (Autumn), and March 2023 (Winter)). A climatic assessment was carried out at each site, including measurements of rainfall, maximum and minimum temperatures, mean temperature, air temperature, and wind speed. The soil was analyzed for the pH, electrical conductivity (EC), water content, limestone (CaCO3), Kjeldahl nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P2O5), organic matter (OM), and carbon/nitrogen ratio (C/N). To gain a better understanding of the morphophysiological characteristics of young argan seedlings, we carried out various observations, such as measuring the height and diameter of aerial parts, and the water content of leaves (WCL) and branches (WCB), quantifying chlorophyll (mg/m2) and leaf area. The results revealed a significant impact of edaphic and climatic factors on the morphophysiological parameters of young argan trees. Results revealed significant correlations of young argan plants between edaphic and climatic factors and morphophysiological parameters. The Tamjloujt site, characterized by protective vegetation cover, showed optimal growth conditions with the highest leaf and branch water content (46.89 ± 4.06% and 37.76 ± 3.51%, respectively), maximum height growth (91.33 ± 28.68 mm), trunk diameter (24.85 ± 3.78 mm), and leaf surface area (69.33 ± 19.28 mm2) during Summer 2022. The Saharan zone of Laqsabi exhibited peak chlorophyll concentrations (506.9 ± 92.25 mg/m2) during Autumn 2022, due to high temperatures. The mountainous environment of Imoulass negatively impacted plant growth (mean height: 52.61 ± 12.37 mm; diameter: 6.46 ± 1.57 mm) due to harsh climatic and edaphic conditions. This research provides vital knowledge regarding the environmental factors influencing the establishment of young argan plants within the Argan Biosphere Reserve. This contributes to the development of more effective domestication strategies and the restoration of agroecosystems. The aim is to use this knowledge to promote the rehabilitation and sustainability of argan agroecosystems.

The effects of Climate Change on Respiratory Diseases: a Literature Review

The effects of Climate Change on Respiratory Diseases: a Literature Review

Effect of Climate Change on Wheat Yield and Water Productivity in Iran and the World

Effect of Climate Change on Wheat Yield and Water Productivity in Iran and the World