Objectives The purpose of this study was to confirm the mediating effect of traumatized self-system, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal problems. when emotional abuse experiences in childhood affect interpersonal problems in adults. Methods Data were collected and analyzed by using the childhood Emotional Abuse scale, traumatized self-system scale, emotion dysregulation scale, and interpersonal problems scale on 376 men and women aged 19 or older (77 men and 299 women). An analysis was conducted using SPSS 22.0 and PROCESS Macro v4.1 programs to verify the superior relationship and mediating effect of childhood emotional abuse, traumatized self-system, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal problems. Results The main results of the study are summarized as follows. First, there was a significant positive correlation between childhood emotional abuse, traumatized self-system, emotion dysregulation, and interpersonal problems. Second, in the relationship between emotional abuse and interpersonal problems in childhood, self-system damage and emotion dysregulation showed complete mediating effects. Third, in the relationship between emotional abuse and interpersonal problems in childhood, there was a sequential dual mediating effect of traumatized self-system and emotion dysregulation. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the greater the emotional abuse experience of adults in childhood, the higher the level of self-system damage, and the higher the level of self-system damage, the more difficulty in controlling emotions, causing interpersonal problems. Finally, the limitations of the study and the direction of the follow-up study were suggested.