Effects Of Bromocriptine Research Articles

Evaluation of bromocriptine and plumbagin against the monogenean Rhabdosynochus viridisi: Computational drug repositioning and in vitro approaches

Monogeneans are parasitic platyhelminths that can harm the health of farmed fish. Few treatments are available against monogeneans, and the incentive to develop new antiparasitic agents is similar or even lower than the incentive for neglected parasitic diseases in humans. Considering that searching for and developing new antimonogenean compounds may require enormous investments of time, money, and animal sacrifice, the use of a computer-guided drug repositioning approach is a reasonable alternative. Under this context, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of plumbagin and bromocriptine against adults and eggs of the monogenean Rhabdosynochus viridisi (Diplectanidae). Plumbagin is a phytochemical compound that has recently emerged as a potent antimonogenean; however, further investigation is required to determine its effects on different monogenean species. Bromocriptine was selected through a computational approach that included molecular docking analyses of 77 receptors of monogeneans (putative drug targets) and 77 ligands (putative inhibitors). In vitro experiments showed that bromocriptine does not exhibit mortality at concentrations of 0.1, 1, and 10 mg/L whereas plumbagin at 2 and 10 mg/L caused 100% monogenean mortality after 3 h and 30 min, respectively. The most effective concentration of plumbagin (10 mg/L) did not completely inhibit egg hatching. These findings underscore plumbagin as a highly effective agent against adult monogeneans and highlight the need for research to evaluate its effect(s) on fish. Although computational drug repositioning is useful for selecting candidates for experimental testing, it does not guarantee success due to the complexity of biological interactions, as observed here with bromocriptine. Therefore, it is crucial to examine the various compounds proposed by this method.

Bromocriptine inhibits proliferation in the endometrium from women with adenomyosis.

Bromocriptine treatment has been shown to reduce menstrual bleeding and pain in women with adenomyosis in a pilot clinical trial. The underlying mechanism contributing to the treatment effect is however unknown. The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of bromocriptine on the proliferation and migration properties of the endometrium in women with adenomyosis, by assessing cellular and molecular changes after six months of vaginal bromocriptine treatment. Endometrial specimens were collected during the proliferative phase from women with adenomyosis (n=6) before (baseline) and after six months of treatment with vaginal bromocriptine. Immunohistochemistry was used to determine changes in the protein expression of Ki67 in the endometrium of women with adenomyosis. Primary endometrial stromal cells isolated at baseline were expanded in vitro and exposed to different doses of bromocriptine to determine the optimal half-maximum inhibitory concentration (IC50) using CellTiter-Blue® Cell Viability Assay. Cell proliferation was assessed by bromodeoxyuridine ELISA assay and Ki67 gene expression was checked by real-time PCR. The migratory ability of endometrial stromal cells was determined by wound healing and transwell migration assays. Small RNA sequencing was applied on tissues collected from women with adenomyosis before and after bromocriptine treatment to identify differentially expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) after bromocriptine treatment. Bioinformatic methods were used for target gene prediction and the identification of biological pathways by enrichment procedures. Vaginal bromocriptine treatment reduced the Ki67 protein expression in the endometrium of women with adenomyosis and did not change the prolactin mRNA expression and protein concentration of prolactin in endometrial tissues. Bromocriptine significantly inhibited the proliferative and migrative abilities of endometrial stromal cells derived from women with adenomyosis in vitro. Moreover, small RNA sequencing revealed 27 differentially expressed miRNAs between the endometrium of women with adenomyosis before and after six months of vaginal bromocriptine treatment. KEGG pathway analysis on targeted genes of 27 miRNAs showed that several signaling pathways associated with cell proliferation and apoptosis were enriched after bromocriptine treatment. Bromocriptine treatment exhibits an anti-proliferative effect in the endometrium of women with adenomyosis in vivo and in vitro. Bromocriptine might inhibit the proliferation of endometrial tissue in adenomyosis in part through the regulation of dysregulated microRNAs and proliferation-associated signaling pathways.

NMDA receptor–related mechanisms of dopaminergic modulation of tDCS-induced neuroplasticity

Abstract Background: Dopamine is a key neuromodulator of neuroplasticity, and an important neuronal substrate of learning, and memory formation, which critically involves glutamatergic N-Methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors. Dopamine modulates NMDA receptor activity via dopamine D1 and D2 receptor subtypes. It is hypothesized that dopamine focuses long term potentiation (LTP)-like plasticity, i.e. reduces diffuse widespread but enhances locally restricted plasticity via a D2 receptor-dependent NMDA receptor activity reduction. Here, we explored NMDA receptor-dependent mechanisms underlying DAergic modulation of LTP-like plasticity induced by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS). Methods: Eleven healthy, right-handed volunteers received anodal tDCS (1 mA, 13 min) over the left motor cortex combined with DAergic agents (the D2 receptor agonist bromocriptine, levodopa (L-Dopa) for general dopamine enhancement, or placebo), and the partial NMDA receptor agonist D-cycloserine (CYC; dosages of 50, 100 and 200 mg, or placebo). Cortical excitability was monitored by transcranial magnetic stimulation-induced motor-evoked potentials. Results: Low-dose CYC alone did not relevantly change anodal tDCS-generated LTP-like plasticity, while medium dosage prolonged and high dosage CYC diminished aftereffects of stimulation. L-Dopa or bromocriptine alone reversed or abolished anodal tDCS-induced excitatory plasticity respectively, which was re-established by medium-dose CYC. Adding low dosage CYC did not alter the effects of bromocriptine and L-Dopa, while high-dose CYC abolished the after-effects. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the focusing effect of dopamine on LTP-like plasticity is caused by D2 receptor-generated reduction of NMDA receptor activity. Medium-dose CYC, as compared to low and high dosages, restored anodal tDCS-induced after-effects possibly due to optimizing calcium influx via enhancement of NMDA receptor activity Research Category and Technology and Methods Basic Research: 9. Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) Keywords: transcranial direct current stimulation, dopamine, NMDA receptor, plasticity

Impaired Cardiometabolic Effects of Bromocriptine in Men With Early-Onset Androgenic Alopecia.

Both hyperprolactinemia and early-onset androgenic alopecia are associated with increased cardiometabolic risk. The aim of this study was to assess whether early-onset male-pattern baldness modifies cardiometabolic effects of bromocriptine in men with prolactin excess. The study included 2 groups of men with prolactin excess: individuals with early-onset androgenic alopecia (group1) and individuals with normal hair growth (group2). Both groups were matched for age, smoking habits, body mass index, blood pressure, and prolactin levels. Over the entire study period (4months), all participants were treated with bromocriptine (7.5mg daily). Plasma levels of hormones (prolactin, total testosterone, and bioavailable testosterone), glucose homeostasis markers, lipids, uric acid, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP), fibrinogen, homocysteine, and the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR) were measured at the beginning and at the end of the study period. The two groups differed in total testosterone, bioavailable testosterone, insulin sensitivity, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, hsCRP, fibrinogen, homocysteine, and UACR. In both groups, bromocriptine reduced prolactin, increased total and bioavailable testosterone, improved insulin sensitivity, and decreased uric acid, hsCRP, and homocysteine. The impact on prolactin, insulin sensitivity, uric acid, hsCRP, and homocysteine was stronger in group2 than in group1. Only in group2 did the drug increase HDL cholesterol and decrease triglycerides, fibrinogen, and UACR. The impact on cardiometabolic risk factors correlated with a reduction in prolactin levels and an improvement in insulin sensitivity, and, in group1, inversely correlated with testosterone levels. The obtained results suggest that men with early-onset androgenic alopecia are partially resistant to the cardiometabolic effects of bromocriptine.

Evaluation of the Effect of Bromocriptine and Sitagliptin and Their Combination on Lipid Profile and Inflammatory Parameters in Induced Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) in Male Albino Rat

The current study aimed to investigate the hypolipidemic and anti-inflammatory effects of recently used hypoglycemic drugs bromocriptine and sitagliptine alone and combined dosing regimen on induced type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in albino rats. Forty adult male rats divided equally into five groups including four diabetic groups and one non-diabetic representing control negative.

Comparison of bromocriptine and hydroxyethyl starch in the prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome.

To evaluate the effectiveness of bromocriptine for prevention of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS). The retrospective study included women at risk of OHSS who were receiving gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist protocols, including 52 women given 2.5mg bromocriptine by rectal insertion, 52 women given 500 ml intravenous hydroxyethyl starch (HES), and 40 women who received no intervention. Treatments were administered daily for 5 days beginning on the day of oocyte retrieval. Baseline information and data related to OHSS were compared. No significant differences were found among groups in estradiol concentration on the day of trigger or in number of retrieved oocytes. Incidence of mild OHSS was not significantly different among groups, respectively 13.5%, 15.4%, and 17.5% (P> 0.05). The incidence of moderate to severe OHSS was significantly lower in the bromocriptine and HES groups compared with the control group, respectively 7.7%, 5.8%, and 22.5% (P< 0.05). D-dimer levels were significantly lower in the bromocriptine and HES groups compared with the control group on Day 5 after oocyte retrieval (P< 0.05). No differences in liver or renal function were found in the three groups. Bromocriptine was apparently as effective as intravenous HES in patients with high risk of OHSS.

Effects of Bromocriptine on Glucose and Insulin Dynamics in Normal and Insulin Dysregulated Horses.

The objectives of the study were to study the effects of the synthetic ergot alkaloid (EA), bromocriptine, on glucose and lipid metabolism in insulin dysregulated (ID, n = 7) and non-ID (n = 8) mares. Horses were individually housed and fed timothy grass hay and two daily concentrate meals so that the total diet provided 120% of daily DE requirements for maintenance. All horses were given intramuscular bromocriptine injections (0.1 mg/kg BW) every 3 days for 14 days. Before and after 14 days of treatment horses underwent a combined glucose-insulin tolerance test (CGIT) to assess insulin sensitivity and a feed challenge (1 g starch/kg BW from whole oats) to evaluate postprandial glycemic and insulinemic responses. ID horses had higher basal plasma concentrations of insulin (P = 0.01) and triglycerides (P = 0.02), and lower concentrations of adiponectin (P = 0.05) compared with non-ID horses. The CGIT response curve showed that ID horses had slower glucose clearance rates (P = 0.02) resulting in a longer time in positive phase (P = 0.03) and had higher insulin concentrations at 75 min (P = 0.0002) compared with non-ID horses. Glucose (P = 0.02) and insulin (P = 0.04) responses to the feeding challenge were lower in non-ID compared to ID horses. Regardless of insulin status, bromocriptine administration increased hay intake (P = 0.03) and decreased grain (P < 0.0001) and total DE (P = 0.0002) intake. Bromocriptine treatment decreased plasma prolactin (P = 0.0002) and cholesterol (P = 0.10) and increased (P = 0.02) adiponectin concentrations in all horses. Moreover, in both groups of horses, bromocriptine decreased glucose clearance rates (P = 0.02), increased time in positive phase (P = 0.04) of the CGIT and increased insulin concentrations at 75 min (P = 0.001). The postprandial glycemic (P = 0.01) and insulinemic (P = 0.001) response following the oats meal was lower after bromocriptine treatment in all horses. In conclusion, in contrast to data in humans and rodents, bromocriptine treatment reduced insulin sensitivity in all horses, regardless of their insulin status. These results indicate that the physiological effects of EA might be different in horses compared to other species. Moreover, because bromocriptine shares a high degree of homology with natural EA, further investigation is warranted in horses grazing endophyte-infected grasses.

Comparative Effect of Selected Ergot-Derived Dopamine on the Kidney Function of Wistar Rats

Ergot derived dopamine are chemical derivatives used in the treatment of certain conditions and disorders. The use of these drugs, despite its numerous heath advantages can pose a threat to the health and general metabolism when administered in unprescribed doses and time. This study evaluated the comparative effect of bromocriptine and cabergoline on the functionality and integrity of the Kidney. Twenty albino rats of wistar grain, weighing between 100-180g were used for this study. They were grouped into 5 groups with each of the group containing 5 rats. Group 1 was the control group, Group 2-5 were Low dose Bromocriptine, High dose Bromocriptine, Low dose Cabergoline, and High dose Cabergoline respectively. The drugs were administered at the various doses on a 24-hour basis. After a period of 21 days, the animals were sacrificed and blood samples were collected for bioassay on the urea, creatine and serum electrolytes as indicators of kidney function using Standard laboratory procedures, the kidney was harvested for histological examination.

Comparative evaluation on the effect of selected ergot-derived dopamine on some female reproductive hormones in Wistar rats

Background: Hormonal imbalance can occur during some disease conditions, while in some other cases, an increase or decrease in the levels of the female hormones in the body might be associated with adverse effects from drugs and may also pose the risk of infertility and Ovarian cancers when these drugs are abused. Although the dopamine agonists have been helpful in ameliorating some disease conditions, it could also cause an adverse effect on the reproductive hormones and other organs of the body. Objective: This study comparatively evaluated the effect of Bromocriptine and Cabergoline on some female reproductive hormones. Methodology: This study was carried out using twenty-five rats grouped into five groups of five rats in each. Group one was the control group, Group 2 and 3 were low and high dose of Bromocriptine, while Group 4 and 5 were low and high dose Cabergoline. The drugs were administered twenty-four hourly and lasted for 21 days. Blood samples were collected for hormonal assay. Results: The results for the bioassay of FSH, LH, PROG, PRO and Estrogen revealed that both low and high dose of Bromocriptine and Cabergoline administered to the Wistar rats caused an increase in the concentration of FSH, LH, Progesterone, Prolactin and Estrogen. The level of Prolactin and Estrogen increased significantly at 0.05 level. However, a decrease was observed in prolactin and estrogen level when administered High dose bromocriptine and Low dose cabergoline respectively. Conclusion: This assessment therefore suggests that both Cabergoline and Bromocriptine had no adverse effects on the female reproductive hormones, however, Cabergoline may pose greater effectiveness than bromocriptine, hence adherence to prescription is necessary for effectiveness.

Controlling Hyperglycaemia Diabetes Mellitus Type-II: Bromocriptine Alone or in Combination with Metformin

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is one of the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. According to WHO there is a steady increase in the number of diabetic patients annually. Maintenance of good glycaemic control in type 2 diabetic patients typically becomes progressively more difficult as the duration of disease lengthens due to decline in the capacity of the pancreatic beta cells for glucose stimulated insulin release, in the presence of insulin resistance. This study is conducted to observe the effect of metformin and bromocriptine individually and sub-therapeutic doses of these drugs when used as a combination therapy. Objective: The objective of this study is to primarily investigate and then compare the antihyperglycemic effects of bromocriptine with metformin, also to see the combined effect of sub therapeutic doses of both these drugs. Methodology: Random allotment of 24 albino male rats was done in four groups. Group 1 was kept as control. Alloxan monohydrate was given to group 2, 3 and 4 and diabetes was induced. Group 2 and 3 were treated with metformin (1.5mg/kg body weight) and bromocriptine (3 mg/kg body weight) respectively while group 4 was treated with sub therapeutic doses of metformin (1 mg/kg body weight) and bromocriptine (1.5 mg/kg body weight)both. Serum glucose levels were estimated at 1, 10, 20 and 30 days. Results: Results showed that metformin reduces blood glucose level significantly where as bromocriptine also showed reduction of blood glucose level but not as significantly as metformin. However, the combination of metformin and bromocriptine showed much reduction in blood glucose level than metformin and bromocriptine used alone. Conclusion: Bromocriptine and metformin when combined ameliorated blood guclose efficiently than given alone Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, bromocriptine, metformin

The role of MAPK11/12/13/14 (p38 MAPK) protein in dopamine agonist-resistant prolactinomas

BackgroundProlactinoma is a functional pituitary adenoma that secretes excessive prolactin. Dopamine agonists (DAs) such as bromocriptine (BRC) are the first-line treatment for prolactinomas, but the resistance rate is increasing year by year, creating a clinical challenge. Therefore, it is urgent to explore the molecular mechanism of bromocriptine resistance in prolactinomas. Activation of the P38 MAPK pathway affects multidrug resistance in tumours. Our previous studies have demonstrated that inhibiting MAPK14 can suppress the occurrence of prolactinoma, but the role of MAPK11/12/13/14 (p38 MAPK) signalling in dopamine agonist-resistant prolactinomas is still unclear.MethodsA prolactinoma rat model was established to determine the effect of bromocriptine on MAPK11/12/13/14 signalling. DA-resistant GH3 cells and DA-sensitive MMQ cells were used, and the role of MAPK11/12/13/14 in bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas was preliminarily verified by western blot, RT-qPCR, ELISA, flow cytometry and CCK-8 experiments. The effects of MAPK11 or MAPK14 on bromocriptine-resistant prolactinomas were further verified by siRNA transfection experiments.ResultsBromocriptine was used to treat rat prolactinoma by upregulating DRD2 expression and downregulating the expression level of MAPK11/12/13/14 in vivo experiments. The in vitro experiments showed that GH3 cells are resistant to bromocriptine and that MMQ cells are sensitive to bromocriptine. Bromocriptine could significantly reduce the expression of MAPK12 and MAPK13 in GH3 cells and MMQ cells. Bromocriptine could significantly reduce the expression of MAPK11, MAPK14, NF-κB p65 and Bcl2 in MMQ but had no effect on MAPK11, MAPK14, NF-κB p65 and Bcl2 in GH3 cells. In addition, knockdown of MAPK11 and MAPK14 in GH3 cells by siRNA transfection reversed the resistance of GH3 cells to bromocriptine, and haloperidol (HAL) blocked the inhibitory effect of bromocriptine on MAPK14, MAPK11, and PRL in MMQ cells. Our findings show that MAPK11 and MAPK14 proteins are involved in bromocriptine resistance in prolactinomas.ConclusionBromocriptine reduces the expression of MAPK11/12/13/14 in prolactinomas, and MAPK11 and MAPK14 are involved in bromocriptine resistance in prolactinomas by regulating apoptosis. Reducing the expression of MAPK11 or MAPK14 can reverse bromocriptine resistance in prolactinomas.

Effects of bromocriptine in peripartum cardiomyopathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare but potentially life-threatening form of heart failure (HF). Bromocriptine, a dopamine D2 agonist, has been used as an adjunctive treatment for PPCM with controversial benefits.A comprehensive literature search was conducted through June 2021. We included studies comparing the outcomes of PPCM with or without bromocriptine use. Pooled risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and I2 statistics were calculated. Composite major adverse outcomes were defined by a composite of death, need for advanced HF therapies, persistent New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class III/V, or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≤ 35% at 6-month follow-up. LVEF recovery was defined by improvement of LVEF to more than 50%.Eight studies (two randomized-controlled, six observational) involving 593 PPCM patientswere included. Bromocriptine use was associated with significantly higher survival (91.6% vs. 83.9%, RR 1.11 p = 0.02). Baseline LVEF was not significantly different between the groups. LVEF at follow-up was significantly higher in the bromocriptine group (53.3% vs. 41.8%, p < 0.001). There was no significant association between bromocriptine use and lower composite major adverse outcomes (13.7% vs. 33.3%, RR 0.60 p = 0.54) or LVEF recovery (46.9% vs. 46.8%, RR 0.94 p = 0.74).In conclusion,the addition of bromocriptine to standard HF treatment in PPCM was associated with significantly higher survival and higher LVEF improvement. No association with lower composite adverse clinical outcomes or LVEF recovery was seen. The findings, although encouraging, warrant larger randomized-controlled studies.

The therapeutic effect of bromocriptine as mesylate and estradiol valerate on serum and blood biochemistry of common quails

Hematology and serum biochemistry study may provide antique knowledge about the physical status of individuals, making them a valuable tool to differentiate healthy animals from affected animals. We aimed to investigate Steroid safety levels in birds through ex-situ studies at regular therapeutic doses. A total of 100 birds were used for hematology and serum biochemistry. This study was designed into 2 trials over the summer and winter, each comprised 5, 10, 15, and 20 d. Each study group was based on 5 control group birds and 20 experimental group birds. A sum of 2 groups representing 2 different steroids trial groups was treated with therapeutic doses to the stretch of 5, 10, 15, and 20 d each season. A therapeutic dose of each of the steroids was given at the rate of 3 drops 2 times a day to each bird. Analysis of data reveals that steroids had severe effects on bird's (Coturnix coturnix) hematological parameters. In most trials, the hematological effects of bromocriptine as mesylate showed an increase in red blood cell count and white blood cell count. On the other hand, steroid estradiol valerate showed a decrease in these parameters. Effect of steroids on serum biochemistry profile indicate acute damage to vital organs, especially to liver and kidney, indicating an increase in cholesterol, total protein, albumin, urea, and uric acid. The overall effect of steroids on the bird's serum and biochemistry of quails were nearly similar but different only in their intensity.

Time-of-Day-Dependent Effects of Bromocriptine to Ameliorate Vascular Pathology and Metabolic Syndrome in SHR Rats Held on High Fat Diet.

The treatment of type 2 diabetes patients with bromocriptine-QR, a unique, quick release micronized formulation of bromocriptine, improves glycemic control and reduces adverse cardiovascular events. While the improvement of glycemic control is largely the result of improved postprandial hepatic glucose metabolism and insulin action, the mechanisms underlying the drug’s cardioprotective effects are less well defined. Bromocriptine is a sympatholytic dopamine agonist and reduces the elevated sympathetic tone, characteristic of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes, which potentiates elevations of vascular oxidative/nitrosative stress, known to precipitate cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study investigated the impact of bromocriptine treatment upon biomarkers of vascular oxidative/nitrosative stress (including the pro-oxidative/nitrosative stress enzymes of NADPH oxidase 4, inducible nitric oxide (iNOS), uncoupled endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), the pro-inflammatory/pro-oxidative marker GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH 1), and the pro-vascular health enzyme, soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) as well as the plasma level of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), a circulating marker of systemic oxidative stress), in hypertensive SHR rats held on a high fat diet to induce metabolic syndrome. Inasmuch as the central nervous system (CNS) dopaminergic activities both regulate and are regulated by CNS circadian pacemaker circuitry, this study also investigated the time-of-day-dependent effects of bromocriptine treatment (10 mg/kg/day at either 13 or 19 h after the onset of light (at the natural waking time or late during the activity period, respectively) among animals held on 14 h daily photoperiods for 16 days upon such vascular biomarkers of vascular redox state, several metabolic syndrome parameters, and mediobasal hypothalamic (MBH) mRNA expression levels of neuropeptides neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related protein (AgRP) which regulate the peripheral fuel metabolism and of mRNA expression of other MBH glial and neuronal cell genes that support such metabolism regulating neurons in this model system. Such bromocriptine treatment at ZT 13 improved (reduced) biomarkers of vascular oxidative/nitrosative stress including plasma TBARS level, aortic NADPH oxidase 4, iNOS and GTPCH 1 levels, and improved other markers of coupled eNOS function, including increased sGC protein level, relative to controls. However, bromocriptine treatment at ZT 19 produced no improvement in either coupled eNOS function or sGC protein level. Moreover, such ZT 13 bromocriptine treatment reduced several metabolic syndrome parameters including fasting insulin and leptin levels, as well as elevated systolic and diastolic blood pressure, insulin resistance, body fat store levels and liver fat content, however, such effects of ZT 19 bromocriptine treatment were largely absent versus control. Finally, ZT 13 bromocriptine treatment reduced MBH NPY and AgRP mRNA levels and mRNA levels of several MBH glial cell/neuronal genes that code for neuronal support/plasticity proteins (suggesting a shift in neuronal structure/function to a new metabolic control state) while ZT 19 treatment reduced only AgRP, not NPY, and was with very little effect on such MBH glial cell genes expression. These findings indicate that circadian-timed bromocriptine administration at the natural circadian peak of CNS dopaminergic activity (that is diminished in insulin resistant states), but not outside this daily time window when such CNS dopaminergic activity is naturally low, produces widespread improvements in biomarkers of vascular oxidative stress that are associated with the amelioration of metabolic syndrome and reductions in MBH neuropeptides and gene expressions known to facilitate metabolic syndrome. These results of such circadian-timed bromocriptine treatment upon vascular pathology provide potential mechanisms for the observed marked reductions in adverse cardiovascular events with circadian-timed bromocriptine-QR therapy (similarly timed to the onset of daily waking as in this study) of type 2 diabetes subjects and warrant further investigations into related mechanisms and the potential application of such intervention to prediabetes and metabolic syndrome patients as well.

Study on antihyperglycemic effect of bromocriptine in dexamethasone induced hyperglycemic wistar rats

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that develops due to insulin deficiency or insulin resistance. Recent animal and human studies have reported bromocriptine to be effective in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The present study was done to evaluate the antihyperglycemic effect of bromocriptine in dexamethasone induced hyperglycemic rats.Methods: Male wistar rats were used and divided into 5 groups. Dexamethosone was used to induce hyperglycemia in group B-E. Group A was the untreated control group, group B was the standard control group, group C was the oral 10 mg/kg of bromocriptine dissolved in 0.9% normal saline, group D was the oral 20 mg/kg metformin dissolved in 0.9% normal saline, group E was the oral 10 mg/kg bromocriptine+20 mg/kg metformin dissolved in 0.9% normal saline. Fasting blood glucose, post prandial blood glucose and body weight was estimated on day 1, 15, 30.Results: It was seen that dexamethasone induced hyperglycemia and increase in body weight in male wistar rats, which were significantly controlled by oral bromocriptine and bromocriptine with metformin combination.Conclusions: Results obtained from this study showed that bromocriptine can be a promising drug with novel mechanism to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Diffusive non-tumoral pathology of the breast: current state of the problem. Diagnosis and treatment of mastalgia

In the twentieth century, a whole teaching of mastopathy was formed. However, over time, accumulated data have questioned the existence of mastopathy as a separate nosological form, because the term “fibrocystic disease” while mastalgia is the most common symptom does not correspond to a holistic concept of the disease. This “disease” can be diagnosed in any woman and more or less successfully treated. In the United States, this term was obsolete in 1985. Instead, the term ANDI (Aberrations in the Normal Development and Involution of the breast) was proposed, which correctly corresponds to the pathogenesis. Leading guidelines on management of benign diseases of the breast now use this term. Therefore, treatment is necessary only for a very limited number of patients. Cyclic mastalgia is required therapeutic intervention, which in most cases is classified as a “disorder” according to the ANDI classification. There are the following types of mastalgia that require medical intervention: cyclic, non-cyclic, extramammary. Homogeneous evidence has been obtained in favor of antigonadotropins, dopamine agonists, selective estrogen receptor modulators, gonadotropic releasing hormone agonists among non-surgical methods of treatment of cyclic mastalgia.A number of numerous studies have shown that Vitex agnus castus can reduce pain and discomfort in patients with cyclic mastalgia and its effects can be compared with the effects of bromocriptine and cabergoline. The European Medicines Agency has recognized Vitex agnus castus extract, obtained by extraction with ethanol 60% (Prefemin), as the only extract with the status of “widespread medical use” for the treatment of premenstrual syndrome. Prefemin is well studied, its efficacy and safety, as well as satisfactory long-term tolerability have been proven in European clinical trials evidenced A. Therefore, Prefemin as a preparation with a high dosage of Vitex agnus castus extract can be considered as the drug of choice for premenstrual syndrome.

The Conceptual study on effect of Krauncha Beeja (Mucuna pruriens) Churna on serum prolactin levels and sperm count vis a vis Bromocriptine.

Hyperprolactinemia is detected in patients with infertility, impotence and hypogonadism. It is caused by or is associated with variety of pathological conditions such as pituitary adenoma, hypothalamic disorders, hypothyroidism, adrenocortical tumour etc. If hyperprolactinemia is the reason of Oligozoospermia then bromocriptine administration will improve sperm count.[5]&#x0D; Kraunch beeja has been described to be useful in various diseases of reproductive system in books of Indian medicines (Ayurveda). Clinical research proves its effect on reduction of hyperprolactinemia. As it works on prolactin levels it can be used to treat both Oligozoospermia and Galactorrhoea. &#x0D; The purpose of this study is to overview the effect of Krauncha beeja churna on Sr. Prolactin levels and Sperm count, like the effect of Bromocriptine. So that we can propose the use Krauncha beeja churna instead of Bromocriptine to control hyperprolactinemia and enhance sperm count.&#x0D;

Study on Synergistic Effect of Bromocriptine and Sitagliptin in Streptozotocin-induced Diabetic Rats

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a potentially morbid condition with high prevalence worldwide. Restoration of euglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus is difficult to achieve due to its multifactorial pathogenesis and frequently requires multiple anti-diabetic medications with different mechanism of action. This study is based on the possible synergistic effect of Sitagliptin and Bromocriptine in reducing blood sugar in diabetic animal models. Aim: To evaluate the effect of Sitagliptin and Bromocriptinemonotherapy and their combination in three different doses on blood sugar, Lipid profile, Liver and renal parameters in diabetic albino Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: An experimental animal study was conducted on 48 adult male albino wistar rats for a period of one month (August 2014). Streptozotocin induced (40 mg/kg IP) diabetic rats were divided into six groups of eight animals each weighing 150-200 gms. Group I- Vehicle (distilled water), Group II- Sitagliptin (100 mg/kg), Group III- Bromocriptine (10 mg/kg), Group IV- Sitagliptin (75 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (7.5 mg/kg), Group V- Sitagliptin (100 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (10 mg/kg), Group VI- Sitagliptin (125 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (12.5 mg/kg). All drugs were given once daily (p.o) for four weeks. Body weight, fasting blood sugar, fasting lipid profile, liver parameters and renal parameters were estimated before and after administration of the drugs. Results were analyzed with SPSS software version 16.0 using one-way ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunnett t test. P&lt;0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The low dose combination therapy [Sitagliptin (75 mg/kg) + Bromocriptine (7.5 mg/kg)] showed a significant decrease in body weight (p&lt;0.05), fasting blood sugar (p&lt;0.001) compared with the vehicle group. It also showed a favorable lipid profile, renal and liver parameters compared with the vehicle, monotherapy and other combination regimens. Conclusion: The low dose combination therapy of Sitagliptin and Bromocriptine showed a better control over fasting blood sugar along with a beneficial effect on lipid profile, liver parameters and renal parameters than compared to other groups.

Effect of Bromocriptine and Nano-Bromocriptine on Egg Quality Parameters of Late Laying Hens

Effect of Bromocriptine and Nano-Bromocriptine on Egg Quality Parameters of Late Laying Hens

The effect of dopamine agonists on metabolic variables in adults with type 2 diabetes: A systematic review with meta analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials.

To assess the metabolic effects of dopamine agonists compared with placebo in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) including adults with type 2 diabetes. Eligible trials were identified by searching PubMed, Embase and CENTRAL. The primary outcomes were HbA1c and serious adverse events (SAEs) assessed at longest available follow-up. Secondary outcomes were fasting plasma glucose, adverse events, body weight, hypoglycaemia and triglycerides. We assessed risk of bias and evaluated the certainty of the evidence with the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). Nine RCTs enrolling 3456 participants were included, six of which assessed the effect of bromocriptine, and the other three the effect of cabergoline. Dopamine agonists reduced HbA1c with 0.69 standardized mean difference (95% CI = 0.28 to 1.09; P = .0008; I2 = 80%; GRADE: low) compared with placebo. There was no difference in the effect between bromocriptine and cabergoline. Heterogeneity was partly explained by dosage and study duration, both of which were inversely associated with effect size. Only one large trial reported SAEs and no difference was reported for the risk of an SAE (RR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.70 to 1.12; P = .32) between active intervention and placebo. Secondary outcomes suggested a decrease in fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides and no effect on the remaining outcomes. Dopamine agonists reduce HbA1c as well as fasting plasma glucose and triglycerides in patients with type 2 diabetes without causing SAEs. These data are based on moderate to low quality evidence thus our confidence in the effect estimates is limited.