Effects Of Bioactive Compounds Research Articles

The effects of bioactive compounds from blueberry and blackcurrant powders on the inhibitory activities of oat bran pastes against α-amylase and α-glucosidase linked to type 2 diabetes

The α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities by extracts of oat bran, blueberry and blackcurrant powders, as well as oat bran pastes supplemented 25% of blueberry and blackcurrant powder, were studied by measuring their half inhibitory (IC50) concentrations. Addition of blueberry or blackcurrant powder into oat bran paste increased α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with a decrease in IC50 values. The main anthocyanidin content was measured by pH differential method and the potential inhibitory mechanisms of these extracts were also investigated by detailed inhibition kinetics and docking simulations. The results showed that: (1) cyanidin and delphinidin were the main anthocyanidin profiles in extracts; (2) only blackcurrant powder was a competitive inhibitor, while other extracts were all mixed-type inhibitors against α-amylase; (3) both blueberry- and blackcurrant-enriched pastes were competitive inhibitors, while other extracts were all mixed-type inhibitors towards α-glucosidase; (4) the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities by extracts were potentially driven by hydrogen bonding, cyanidin-3-glucoside and delphinidin-3-glucoside had stronger binding affinity compared to malvidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinside. This study suggested supplementary of blueberry and blackcurrant with oat bran might be a potential source of bioactive products for antidiabetic activity.

Phytochemical Profiles and Bioactivities of Cake Tea Leaves Obtained From the Same Cultivar: A Comparative Analysis

Cake tea, a traditional beverage of China, has excellent health benefits. Our study investigated the phytochemical profiles, antioxidant, and antiproliferative activities of cake tea leaves, which were obtained from the same cultivar and processed at different intervals. The effects of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of 4 cake tea varieties on a human lung cancer cell line (A549 cells) were systematically examined. The content of total polyphenol, an active ingredient of tea, was significantly higher in green cake teas (14.0% ± 0.4a) than their black (4.8 ± 0.3c), yellow (10.0 ± 0.6b), and white (8.8 ± 0.5b) counterparts. Likewise, the content of total free amino acids in green cake tea (3.6% ± 0.5a) was significantly higher than the other tea varieties. Our results indicated that the extent of fermentation of tea leaves could decrease the antioxidant activities of cake tea leaves. Furthermore, the white tea cake variety demonstrated the maximum antiproliferative activity on A549 cells as opposed to other types of cake tea leaves. Such an observation allows future researchers to narrow down their focus on using specific cake tea types (sourced from the same cultivar) that provide the maximum health benefits.

Injection of Raffinose Family Oligosaccharides at 12 Days of Egg Incubation Modulates the Gut Development and Resistance to Opportunistic Pathogens in Broiler Chickens.

Simple SummaryIn the face of a changing climate, antibiotic resistance and uprising outbreaks of ‘forgotten’ diseases, there is an urgent need for new, safe strategies and natural immunomodulatory products in intensive broiler production. So far, many prebiotic and synbiotic preparations have been explored to influence the gut microbiota composition and the host immune system. However, the effects of bioactive compounds are not always found to be consistent. Global analysis allows us to define at least several reasons for those discrepancies: different chemical composition and origins of the oligosaccharides, interaction with other feed ingredients, and unfavorable environmental impact, where the two latter seem to be most important. The in ovo strategy to automatically inject prebiotics at day 12 of egg incubation has been elaborated to eliminate some of those factors and provide a fully controlled modulation of the host biology. Here, the prebiotic modulatory effects were reflected in the improved gut structure and resistance to opportunistic pathogens in the final weeks of broiler rearing, showing lifelong effects. The in ovo strategy allows for the earliest possible immunomodulatory treatments with the use of naturally sourced bioactive compounds, one of them being legume raffinose oligosaccharides.The aim was to investigate the impact of an automatic in ovo injection of the raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFO) extracted from the seeds of Lupinus luteus L, on the chicken performance and resistance in a production environment. At day 12 of incubation, a total of 57,900 eggs (Ross 308) were divided into two groups: 1/ Control, injected with 0.9% NaCl and 2/ RFO group, injected with 1.9 mg/egg of the lupin seed extract, dissolved in 0.2 mL NaCl. The performance parameters, biochemical indices (lipid profile, hepatic parameters), gut histomorphology and duodenum structure, oxidative stability of the meat and microbiological counts of the major commensal microbiota species were analyzed. Mortality, body weight, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were not affected. By day 42, several health indices were improved with RFO and were reflected in a beneficial lipid blood profile, increased villi surface and better combating opportunistic pathogens through reduction of Clostridia and decreased coccidia counts. The RFO increased meat oxidation, but only at the beginning of the storage. The RFO sourced from local legumes can be considered a promising prebiotic for broiler chickens. In ovo delivery of prebiotics and/or synbiotics should be further optimized as an important strategy for the earliest possible modulation of chicken resistance.

Effects of bioactive compounds on the morphology and surface chemistry of MoO3/ZnMoO4 nanocomposite for supercapacitor

Over recent decades, considerable breakthroughs for supercapacitors have been reported particularly related to electrode material synthesis. In this study, spherical nanoshaped MoO3/ZnMoO4 electrode material was synthesized and functionalized by greener organic–inorganic framework. Here, we used E. cognata as a source of organic compounds. According to synthesis approach, Zn(O2CCH3)2 (H2O)2 and Mo2(O2CCH3)4 inorganic complex was treated with bioactive organic compounds and thermally annealed at high temperature to obtain MoO3/ZnMoO4 nanocomposite. Formation of MoO3/ZnMoO4 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction and energy-dispersive spectroscopy, whereas X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed organic functional groups of synthesized material. Spherical shaped MoO3/ZnMoO4 nanocomposite revealed dual band gap at lower energies (eV) of 2.43 and 3.58 by Tauc equation. Furthermore, the synthesized material was scrutinized by field emission scanning electron microscopy. The good supercapacitive features were observed with specific capacitance of 263 F/g and 110 F/g by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge–discharge measurements, respectively. What is more, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy revealed lower solution resistance (Rs) value of 0.4 Ω due to additional electron pathways provided by organic species. Therefore, the current study demonstrated that organic template-derived MoO3/ZnMoO4 nanocomposite could be a potential candidate for electrochemical supercapacitor.

Bioavailability and Neuroprotectivity of 3-(3, 4-dimethoxy phenyl)-1-4 (methoxy phenyl) prop-2-en-1-one against Schizophrenia: an in silico approach

Schizophrenia is a major debilitating disorder worldwide. Schizophrenia is a result of multi-gene mutation and psycho-social factors. Mutated amino acid sequences in genes of DOPA such as TH, DDC, DBH, VMAT2, and NMDA (SET-1) have been implicated as major factors causing schizophrenia. In addition mutations in genes other than the DOPA genes such as RGS4, NRG1, COMT, AKT1 and DTNBP1 (SET 2) have also been implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Several medicinal herbs and their bioactive constituents have been reported to be involved in ameliorating different neurological disorders including schizophrenia. The present study is mainly focused to study the effect of bioactive compound isolated from the celastrus panuculatus on DOPA and other related genes of schizophrenia using in silico approach. Moledular docking study was carriedout aginast all the selected targets with the lingds i.e. compound and clozapine using the autodock vina 4.0 module implemented in Pyrx 2010.12. The 3 D structures of genes of intrest were retrieved from the protein data bank (PDB). The bioavailability and pharmacological properties of the ligands were determined using OSIRIS server. The novelty of the compound was determined based on fitness, docking and bioavailability score. From the results it is observed that, the compoud has exhibited best dock score against all the selected targets than the clozapie except DBH and VMAT2 in SET-1 targets of DOPA genes. Where as the compound has shown best pharmacokinetic and biologicl property score than the clozapine. Hence, the compound can be considered for further in vitro and in vivo studies to determine the therapeutic efficacy and drug candidacy of the compound in future.

Effect of bioactive compounds from beet leaf and stem extract on the prevention or reduction of LDL oxidation and oxidative DNA damage

The objective of this study was to evaluate the antioxidant potential of lyophilized beet leaves through biochemical tests in the prevention or reduction of LDL oxidation and DNA damage. The results of the present study showed that 100 ppm beet leaf extract protects LDL oxidation 100% and maintained HUVECs viability in 48 hours when treated whith 1 ppm beet leaf extract and exposed to oxidized LDL. However as for DNA breakage, this protective effect was not observed.

Comment on "ALK is a therapeutic target for lethal sepsis".

Physiologically relevant ALK (anaplastic lymphoma kinase) expression was not detected in human and mouse monocytes and macrophages, suggesting that the effects of bioactive compounds on stimulator of interferon genes (STING) activation may not depend on ALK.

Effect of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Green Algae Spirogyra sp. in Reducing the Protoscolices Viability In vitro Compared with Albendazole Drug

Effect of Bioactive Compounds Extracted from Green Algae Spirogyra sp. in Reducing the Protoscolices Viability In vitro Compared with Albendazole Drug

Antioxidant Effects of Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Pressurized Steam-Treated Corni Fructus and Their Protective Effects Against UVB-Irradiated HS68 Cells.

This study evaluated the antioxidant and protective effects of bioactive compounds isolated from pressurized steam-treated Corni Fructus (PSC). We had previously tested the protective effects of the furan fraction containing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), polyphenol fraction containing gallic acid, and iridoid glycoside fraction containing morroniside and loganin. We measured the potency of antioxidant activities of the bioactive compounds isolated from PSC via oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging assays. One fraction in particular (named F-2) not only contained high amounts of phenolics but also had potent antioxidant activities. The protective effects of F-2 were evaluated by measuring the levels of the collagen-degrading enzyme, matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), and the marker of collagen biosynthesis, procollagen type I C-peptide (PIP), in UVB-treated HS68 fibroblasts. MMP-1 levels decreased in an F-2 concentration-dependent manner, and PIP secretion from the cultured HS68 cells was significantly higher than that from the UVB-irradiated cultures alone. Further, F-2 attenuated UVB-induced MMP-1 and ameliorated UVB-downregulated collagen type I alpha 1 mRNA expression in HS68 cells. Therefore, F-2 isolated from PSC is a good candidate for the prevention of skin damage from free radicals in various skin conditions.

Effect of bioactive compounds on antiradical and antimicrobial activity of extracts and cold-pressed edible oils from nutty fruits from Macedonia

The chemical composition, antiradical and antimicrobial activity of cold-pressed edible oils from nutty fruits (almond and walnut) and oils from poppy seed and wheat germ from Macedonia were studied. Regarding the fatty acid composition, the highest level of oleic acid was determined in almond oil (67.6 ± 0.02%) whereas poppy seed oil was the richest sources of linoleic acid with abundance of 72.3 ± 0.06%. The highest level of α-tocopherol (23.8 ± 0.01 mg/100 g of oil) was quantified in almond oil while γ-tocopherol was the most abundant in walnut and wheat germ oil. Wheat germ oil was the richest source of phytosterols (3894 ± 155.0 mg/kg) with domination of β-sitosterol and campesterol. Although DPPH radical is less sensitive against phenolic compounds in comparison to ABTS radical, its relationship with tocopherols and tocotrienols was indicative. Poppy seed oil had the lowest level of tocopherols, but it indicated the highest antibacterial activity against Listeria monocytogenes and antifungal activity against Candida albicans.

Changes in essential oil content of Lippia citriodora in response to induction of bio-active compounds and plant growth regulators

<p>Background & aim: Bioactive compounds and plant growth regulators could change a plant’s essential oil content and composition. In this study, the effect of bioactive compounds and plant growth regulators on lippia citriodora was investigated.<br />Objective: This experiment was done with three replications on the basis of factorial experiment in randomized complete block design. The bio-regulators were sprayed in four levels, i.e. distilled water, 50 ppm gibberellic acid (GA3) + 50 ppm indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), 50 ppm GA3 + 100 ppm IBA, and 100 ppm GA3 + 50 ppm IBA. The chitosan was sprayed in two levels: distilled water and 400 ppm chitosan. The methanol was sprayed in two levels: distilled water and 5% v/v methanol. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation method and analyzed by GC and GC/MS.<br />Results: Thirty-two compounds were identified, representing 95.08% of the total essential oil. The main components were E-citral (geranial) (25.02%), Z-citral (neral) (16.04%), ar-curcumene (10.37%), caryophyllene oxide (9.56%), spathulenol (6.83%), limonene (4.99%) and (E)-caryophyllene (2.29%). The studied traits were significantly affected (p < 0.01) by the interaction of bioregulators, methanol and chitosan application.<br />Conclusion: Foliar application of IBA, GA3, chitosan and methanol could increase aromatic values of L. citriodora essential oil.</p>

Effects of bioactive compounds on senescence and components of senescence associated secretory phenotypes in vitro.

Senescence is a permanent cell cycle arrest that is accompanied by changes in cell morphology and physiology occurring in vitro and in vivo. Senescence evolved as a beneficial response to damage promoting wound healing, limiting fibrosis, fighting against cancer and helping embryonic development. However, excessive accumulation of senescent cells is considered to play a substantial role in the development of aging-related diseases and other morphological and physiological changes associated with aging. Therefore, the aim of many researchers is to find out a way to eliminate senescent cells and improve the health condition of aging people. Bioactive compounds e.g. polyphenols, vitamins, phenols, carotenoids, ginsenosides, omega-3 fatty acids, and compounds isolated from algae (phloroglucinol, sargachromal) are known to affect important biological functions. Recent in vitro studies have revealed that they can protect different types of cells against stress induced senescence (SISP), delay replicative senescence, rejuvenate senescent cells and exert senolytic effects. This review summarizes how the biological compounds listed above affect cell morphology, cell proliferation, specific cell functions, the activity of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal), the shortening of telomeres and reduction of telomerase activity, production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation products, expression of antioxidant enzymes, expression of p53 and p21 - key effectors of cell cycle arrest leading to senescence - and expression of some key components of senescence associated secretory phenotype (SASP) in replicative senescence, stress induced senescence (SISP) and under conditions which may lead to the development of senescence such as UV-A and UV-B irradiation of cells and the production of matrix metalloproteinases (a component of the SASP) in cells. Finally, future perspectives of this research are discussed.

Effects of Bioactive Compounds on Odontogenic Differentiation and Mineralization

Direct pulp capping involves the placement of dental materials directly onto vital pulp tissues after deep caries removal to stimulate the regeneration of reparative dentin. This physical barrier will serve as a “biological seal” between these materials and the pulp tissue. Although numerous direct pulp capping materials are available, the use of small bioactive compounds that can potently stimulate and expedite reparative dentin formation is still underexplored. Here, the authors compared and evaluated the pro-osteogenic and pro-odontogenic effects of 4 small bioactive compounds— phenamil (Phen), purmorphamine (Pur), genistein (Gen), and metformin (Met). The authors found that these compounds at noncytotoxic concentrations induced differentiation and mineralization of preosteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells and preodontoblastic dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) in a dose-dependent manner. Among them, Phen consistently and potently induced differentiation and mineralization in vitro. A single treatment with Phen was sufficient to enhance the mineralization potential of DPSCs in vitro. More importantly, Phen-treated DPSCs showed enhanced odontogenic differentiation and mineralization in vivo. Our study suggests that these small bioactive compounds merit further study for their potential clinical use as pulp capping materials.

The effects of bioactive compounds on Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

Prevalence rates of Alzheimer’s disease are increasing in countries around world, and identifying effective treatments to manage cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration has become a global health priority. Decades of scientific research have developed a more comprehensive understanding of the Alzheimer’s Disease and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI), a transitional stage of accelerated cognitive decline. This understanding has allowed researchers to envision novel Alzheimer’s Disease therapies, including the use of bioactive compounds found in plants and animals. Within the past 15 years, a significant amount of clinical research has been published documenting the effects specific bioactive compounds have on patients with Alzheimer’s Disease and MCI. This article reviews the results of this research, and discusses whether sufficient evidence exists to support the use of specific bioactive compounds by individuals diagnosed with Alzheimer’s Disease and MCI. Information on relevant epidemiological studies, outcome measures, and disease pathologies is provided to enrich this discussion. Keywords: Bioactive compounds, Alzheimer’s Disease, Mild cognitive impairment, Dementia, B vitamins, Omega-3 fatty acids, DHA, EPA, Fortasyn Connect, Souvenaid.

Antifouling effect of bioactive compounds from selected marine organisms in the Obhur Creek, Red Sea

Three species of sponges and a tunicate were collected from Obhur creek of Jeddah coast for this bioactivity study. In order to assess the antifouling efficacy of selected marine organisms, methanolic extracts of these organisms were tested against different fouling bacterial forms and II-instar stage of the barnacle, Balanus amphitrite. Antibiosis, bioactivity and followed by multivariate analyses were carried out to check the efficacy of antifouling effect of the selected marine organisms. Principal component analysis revealed the exemplary antifouling efficacy of the sponge extracts of Stylissa sp. observed followed by Hyrtios sp. against bacterial forms in the laboratory study. De-trended correspondence analysis confirmed that the contribution of antifouling efficacy of the selected sponge extracts was observed to be more towards Bacillus sp., Vibrio sp. and Alteromonas sp. Moreover, the efficacy of Hyrtios sp. extract (20.430 μg mL−1) followed by Stylissa sp. (30.945 μg mL−1) showed higher against barnacle instar compared with other extracts in the bioactivity assay. Bray-Curtis cluster analysis under paired linkage categorized all the sponge extracts into one major cluster with 75% similarity, and one outlier tunicate. More than 80% similarity observed between Hyrtios sp. and Stylissa sp. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the contribution of major peaks found in the marine organisms were towards sulfones, sulfoxides, cyanates and ketones.

The effects of bioactive compounds on biomarkers of obesity

ABSTRACT:Background: The world is presently facing a prolonged struggle without a predictable cure. Obesity causes hundreds of thousands of fatalities each year, along with holding a position as a primary contributor to several other virulent chronic diseases. This review of scientific literature will examine the current state of obesity along with the mechanisms and biomarkers that lay the foundation for the development of the disease. Furthermore, this article will assess several functional foods and the bioactive compounds they contain that play an influential role in the prevention and treatment of obesity as a chronic disease. By presenting many relevant functional food research studies, this review aims to offer auxiliary support to traditional obesity treatments. The topic of functional foods and their relation to obesity is an extremely important topic to explore due to the severe expansion of obesity in the past few decades. Overall, the purpose of this review is to supply a comprehensive description of obesity and examine results of functional foods in clinical trials that may offer innovative benefits.Keywords: obesity, bioactive compounds, disease, health, functional foods, clinical trials

Physiological relevance of food grade microcapsules: Impact of milk protein based microcapsules on inflammation in mouse models for inflammatory bowel diseases

In order to increase beneficial effects of bioactive compounds in functional food and dietary supplements, enormous efforts are put in the technological development of microcapsules. Although these products are often tailor-made for disease susceptible consumer, the physiological impact of microcapsule uptake on the respective target consumer has never been addressed. The present study aimed to assess the relevance of this aspect by analyzing the impact of milk protein based microcapsules on experimental inflammatory bowel disease. Long-term feeding of sodium caseinate or rennet gel microcapsules resulted in significant alterations in the intestinal microbiota of healthy mice. In TNFΔARE/wt mice, a model for chronic ileal inflammation, rennet gel microcapsules resulted in further increased splenomegaly, whereas ileal inflammation was unchanged. In IL10(-/-) mice, a model for chronic colitis, both types of microcapsules induced a local increase of the intestinal inflammation. The present study is the first to demonstrate that, independent of their cargo, microcapsules have the potential to affect the intestinal microbiota and to exert unprecedented detrimental effects on disease-susceptible individuals. In conclusion, the impact of microcapsule uptake on the respective target consumer groups should be thoroughly investigated in advance to their commercial use in functional food or dietary supplements.

Chemistry and Health Effects of Bioactive Compounds in Selected Culinary Aromatic Herbs

Chemistry and Health Effects of Bioactive Compounds in Selected Culinary Aromatic Herbs

P25 Effect of bioactive compounds of zingiber officinale roscoe on head and neck tumor cell lines

Background Plants have always been an important source for the discovery of new drugs. In about 60% of approved drugs, the active ingredient is based on naturally occurring substances. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosoce) has been used in for a wide array of conditions such as respiratory and rheumatic disorders, indigestion, vomiting, hypertension, infectious diseases and fever in traditional medicine in Asia. The aim of the study is to examine the effect of 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol, two major pharmacologically active compounds of ginger, on head and neck cancer cell lines. Material and methods Firstly proliferation assays were performed. A possible induction of apoptosis was investigated by flow cytometry. Then tests in combination with cisplatin and/or radiation were carried out. Possible synergistic effecs were calculated using the Cho–Talalay equation. Currently clonogenic assay are performed. Results 6-gingerol and 6-shogaol led to a dose-dependent reduction of cell viability in the proliferation assays. Flow cytometry analysis showed the induction of apoptosis. The combination with cisplatin showed no synergistic effect. Combination with irradiation showed a reduction of clonogenic survival compared to each treatment method alone. Conclusion According to literature compounds of ginger have anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative properties. We could prove an cytotoxic effect on our head and neck cancer cell lines Thus we believe that these naturally occuring substances are promising for further investigations.

The effect of bioactive compounds in tea on lipid metabolism and obesity through regulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors

The hypolipidemic and antiobesogenic effects of tea intake have been associated with bioactive compounds that regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). This review describes the recent research on two of these compounds, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and linalool. Catechins (specifically EGCG) are key bioactive compounds found in tea, and a recent study has shown that linalool may also be an active tea compound. These compounds act on lipid metabolism by regulating PPAR subtypes. EGCG inhibits the key adipogenic transcription factor PPARγ while activating PPARα, whereas linalool is a PPARα agonist activating hepatic fatty acid uptake and subsequent oxidation to reduce plasma triglyceride levels. The collective activities of EGCG and linalool in tea may exert hypolipidemic and antiobesogenic effects by regulating PPARs. The research summarized in this review expands our understanding of the biological and physiological mechanisms of the bioactive compounds found in tea.