Effect Of B4C Research Articles

Effect of B4C and graphene on the microstructural and mechanical properties of Al6061 matrix composites

Materials that are lightweight with superior strength and improved structural properties have consistently been highly sought after in the aircraft and automobile industries for their superior performance. This study investigates the effect of graphene and boron carbide (B4C) additions on the microstructural & mechanical properties of Al6061 MMCs in fabricated and T6 heat-treated conditions. The powder metallurgy technique is used to fabricate the Al6061 hybrid composites reinforced with different volume fractions. i.e 0.5,1 wt% of graphene and 3,6 wt% of B4C. XRD, Optical microscope, FE-SEM with EDAX mapping, Hardness, and Compression tests were employed to evaluate and characterize the Al6061/Gr/B4C hybrid composites. After the T6 ageing treatment, both hardness and compressive strength were increased to 61.08% and 68.51% compared to base Al6061 matrix alloy. The sample Al6061/0.5% Gr/6%B4C-T6 exhibits the highest hardness value of 91HV and sample Al6061/1%Gr/6%B4C-T6 gives the value of higher compressive strength of 298 MPa. The higher tensile strength was observed in the sample Al6061/0.5%Gr/6%B4C-T6 which is 209.53 MPa with 8.907% elongation. The T6 heat treatment has a significant role in the strength improvement. Whereas increment in graphene has no impact on the tensile strength. The tensile strength of Al6061/0.5%Gr/6%B4C-T6 was improved by 43.56% compared to the base Al6061 alloy.

Improving the mechanical properties and oxidation resistance of Nb-16Si-20Ti alloys with B4C addition

Nb-Si-based alloys, as one of the candidate materials which may replace nickel-based alloys for the next generation aero-engines, its low fracture toughness (KQ) and poor oxidation resistance severely limited their application and development. Research has shown that Nb-Si-based alloys with a refined microstructure usually have good fracture toughness, whereas B and C elements are good microstructure refinement elements. So, the effects of B4C on the microstructure evolution and properties of Nb-16Si-20Ti alloys were studied. The results showed that the microstructure of Nb-16Si-20Ti was composed of Nb-based solid solution (Nbss) and Nb3Si phases. With the addition of B4C, the coarse Nb3Si decomposed and transformed into (α, γ)-Nb5Si3 + Nbss eutectic structure, refining the microstructure of the alloys. The room temperature fracture toughness and compressive strength of Nb-16Si-20Ti alloy were improved by adding B4C, among which the fracture toughness of 0.50B4C alloy was up to 11.5 MPa·m1/2, which increased by 98.3% compared with that of the 0B4C alloy. The improvement of the fracture toughness was mainly due to the increment of the ductile Nbss content in the alloy and the refinement of the microstructure. In addition, the addition of an appropriate amount of B4C (≤0.5 at.%) also improved the oxidation resistance of Nb-Si-based alloys.

Effects of B4C on the formation of LPSO phase and mechanical properties of Mg–Zn–Y–Mn alloy

Effects of B4C on the microstructure and properties of Mg94Zn2.5Y2.5Mn1 alloy were investigated by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscope, nano indentation tester and electronic universal testing machine. The results indicated that the as-cast Mg94Zn2.5Y2.5Mn1 alloy was mainly composed of α-Mg, fishbone-like W phase, and block 18 R long period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase. The addition of an appropriate amount of B4C could effectively refine grains, promote the formation of the LPSO phase and inhibit the generation of the W phase. The microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy were both optimal at the addition of 0.5 at.% B4C. The microstructure exhibited a refined grain size from 41.2 μm to 20.7 μm, and the volume fraction of the LPSO phase increased from 8.1 % to 22.5 %. The yield strength increases from 112 MPa to 145 MPa, the tensile strength of the alloy was enhanced from 192 MPa to 256 MPa, and the elongation increased from 4.8 % to 8.6 %.

Effect of B4C on microstructure evolution and high-temperature mechanical properties of TiAl matrix composites

This study synthesized and characterized the Ti-48Al-2Cr-2 Nb-based composite reinforced by B4C addition, which was produced by spark plasma sintering. The grain size of composites decreased significantly from 225 ± 5 µm to 51 ± 5 µm with the increase of B4C content, mainly due to the pinning effect of in-situ generated TiB2 and Ti2AlC particles at grain boundaries, which limited the rapid grain growth of the matrix. With the addition of B4C, the volume fraction of Ti2AlC increased from 3.0% to 7.4%, with an average size of approximately 5 µm. The ultimate tensile strength and total fracture elongation of the Ti-48Al-2Cr-2 Nb alloy were 482.9 MPa and 10.2% at 800 ℃, correspondingly. With 0.3 wt% addition of B4C, B4C/Ti-48Al-2Cr-2 Nb composite exhibited superior strength (579.5 MPa) and ductility (12.6%) at the same tensile temperature. The reinforced strength of the composite was mainly attributed to the grain refinement and precipitation strengthening.

Effect of ceramic particles on microstructure and properties of CoCrMoNbTi high-entropy alloy coating fabricated by laser cladding

In this study, CoCrMoNbTi, CoCrMoNbTi(B4C)0.2 and CoCrMoNbTi(SiC)0.2 high-entropy alloy coatings are prepared by laser cladding. These three coatings show significant differences in terms of microstructure and mechanical properties. In terms of microstructure, the Pure-HEA exhibits a uniform microstructure distribution, and the coating consists of two BCC phase-solid solution structures (BCC1 and BCC2) with different lattice constants. SiC-HEA exhibits a denser microstructure than Pure-HEA, and both coatings exhibit a typical dendritic structure. In contrast, the microstructure of B4C-HEA transformed from dendritic crystals to fully equiaxed crystals, and the grain refining effect can even up to two orders of magnitude. Both B4C-HEA and SiC-HEA are composed of BCC1, BCC2 and TiC phases, where TiC is obtained by the in-situ reaction. The effects of B4C and SiC on the mechanical properties of the high-entropy alloy are evaluated in terms of microhardness and wear resistance. The results show that B4C has the best strengthening effect on the alloy properties, the microhardness of the coating increases from 666.2 HV0.5 to 886.9 HV0.5. The room temperature wear resistance of the alloy is enhanced, and the frictional coefficient and wear rate are significantly reduced. Moreover, the wear mechanism is transformed from adhesive wear to abrasive wear due to the addition of B4C. This work provides insight into the application of ceramic particle-reinforced high-entropy alloys.

Pressureless sintering and ablation behavior of PyC-Csf/ZrB2-SiC-ZrC ceramics doped with B4C

B4C has been widely used as a sintering aid for the densification of ZrB2-based ceramics by pressureless sintering. In this study, the effect of B4C on the sintering and ablation mechanism for PyC-Csf/ZrB2-SiC-ZrC ceramics are investigated. The results show that the addition of B4C improves sintering by removing oxide impurities from the grain surface, and inhibiting grain growth by pinning the grain-boundary movement as second phase particles. The structure of PyC-Csf/ZrB2-SiC-ZrC ceramics remained intact after ablation at 2000 °C for 120 s. The mass ablation rate of sample #4 with 14% B4C (−9.17 ×10−4 g/s) is close to 0. A Zr-Si-O layer and ZrO2 layer are formed on the samples’ surface to prevent oxygen diffusion.

Effect of B4C on wear behaviour of ZTA ceramic reinforced high chromium cast iron matrix composites

Zirconia Toughened Alumina (ZTA) ceramic reinforced high chromium cast iron (HCCI) matrix composites were prepared by vacuum pressure-free infiltration, and the effects of active additive B4C (10%, 12%) on the interface binding ability and three-body wear behaviours was study systematically. Result showed the wettability between HCCI and ZTA could be improved after the addition of B4C, which could result in a metallurgical combination by forming a transition layer. When the content of B4C additive was 10%, the Brinell hardness (HB) of ZTA/HCCI composite materials reached 645 N/mm2 in the as-infiltration state, and the wear resistance was more than three times of HCCI. After heat treatment, the hardness and wear resistance increased significantly, which could reach 676.1 N/mm2 and more than five times of HCCI, respectively.

In situ synthesis and characterization of ceramic reinforced Inconel 718 coatings using B4C-Inconel 718 powders by laser-directed energy deposition

Inconel 718 has been widely used in aerospace, nuclear, and marine industries due to excellent high-temperature mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. In recent years, laser-directed energy deposition (DED) becomes a competitive method in the fabrication of Inconel 718 coatings. Compared with other surface coating processes, laser DED has the advantage of extremely fine-grained structures, strong metallurgical bonding, and high density. However, the hardness and wear resistance of Inconel 718 coatings still need to be improved. To further improve these properties, ceramic reinforced Inconel 718 coatings have been investigated. Compared with ex situ ceramic reinforcements, the in situ synthesized reinforcements have the advantage of refined ceramic particle size, uniform distribution, and low thermal stress. B4C was a preferable additive material to fabricate in situ synthesized multi-component ceramic reinforced Inconel 718 coatings. The addition of B4C could form a large number of borides and carbides as ceramic reinforcements. In addition, the in situ reactions between Inconel 718 and B4C could release heat during the fabrication, thereby promoting the melting of material powders. However, there are currently no investigations on the in situ synthesis mechanisms, microstructure, and mechanical properties of laser DED fabricated B4C-Inconel 718 coatings. In this study, the effects of B4C on the properties of Inconel 718 coatings were investigated. Results show that Ni3B, NbB, and Cr3C2 phases were formed. With the addition of B4C, the size of Laves phase was refined and the porosity was decreased. The hardness and wear resistance of B4C reinforced coatings were improved by about 34% and 28%, respectively.

Effect of B4C and CNTs’ nanoparticle reinforcement on the mechanical and corrosion properties in rolled Al 5083 friction stir welds

ABSTRACT Aluminium alloy 5083 plates were joined using friction stir welding (FSW) technique individually or in combination with boron carbide (B4C) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The effect of these reinforcements on mechanical properties, microstructure evolution and corrosion behaviour after FSW has been investigated. Radiography confirmed good fusion in the welded zone and the absence of surface or subsurface defects. The tensile testing results indicated a 35% decrease in tensile strength after FSW of the Al-5083 plates compared to the base metal, but it increased once again after the addition of individual reinforcements of B4C and CNTs due to grain refinement and second phase strengthening. In the sample with hybrid reinforcement, premature failure was observed due to lack of fusion and improper bonding between the two reinforcing materials. A similar trend was observed in the case of flexural testing. Severe plastic deformation and reduced grain size increased the micro-Vickers’ hardness values of reinforced samples. Evolution of the aluminium grain structure was analyzed using optical and stereo microscopy, while uniform dispersion of reinforcements and chemical composition was characterised by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), respectively. Increase in corrosion resistance was also observed after FSW and addition of reinforcements.

Effect of B4C on CBN/CuSnTi laser cladding grinding tool

Effect of B4C on CBN/CuSnTi laser cladding grinding tool

Effect of B4C on bending strength of ZTA ceramic reinforced high chromium cast iron matrix composites

ABSTRACT Zirconium dioxide-toughened aluminum oxide (ZTA) ceramic-reinforced high chromium cast iron (HCCI) matrix composites were prepared by vacuum pressure-free infiltration, and the effects of active additive boron carbide (B4C) (10%, 12%) on the interface binding ability was studied systematically. Results showed the wettability between HCCI and ZTA could be improved after the addition of B4C, which could result in a metallurgical combination by forming a transition layer. When the content of B4C additive was 10%, the Brinell hardness of ZTA/HCCI composites reached 645 N/mm2 in the as-infiltration state, and the bending strength was more than twice of HCCI. After heat treatment, the hardness and bending strength increased significantly, which reached 676.1 N/mm2 and more than three times of HCCI, respectively.

Effect of B4C on strength coefficient, cold deformation and work hardening exponent characteristics of Mg composites

The emphasis of this exploration was to examine the workability and work hardening performance of Mg (Magnesium) specimen and Mg-B4C composites created via the powder metallurgy technique. The pure Mg and Mg-B4C composites are made with distinct weight percentages (Mg-5% B4C, Mg-10% B4C, and Mg-15% B4C) at the unit aspect ratio. The powders and composites characterization are executed by SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope), EDS (Energy Dispersive Spectrum) with an elemental map, and XRD (X-ray Diffraction) examination. It displays that, the B4C particles were dispersed consistently with the Mg matrix. The workability and work hardening examination was conducted in triaxial stress conditions using the cold deformation process. The consequence of workability stress exponent factor (βσ), distinct stress proportion factors (σm/σeff and σθ/σeff), instantaneous work hardening exponent (ni), work hardening exponent (n), coefficient of strength (k) and instantaneous coefficient of strength (ki) are recognized. The outcome displays that Mg-15% B4C specimen has greater workability and work hardening parameter, initial relative density, and triaxial stresses compared with the Mg specimen and Mg-(5–10%) B4C composites.

Effect of B4C and waste porcelain ceramic particulate reinforcements on mechanical and tribological characteristics of high strength AA7075 based hybrid composite

In the present research, B4C (constant = 4 wt.%) and X-wt.% of waste Porcelain (P) (X = 0, 4, 8, 12 and 16) particulates, reinforced into AA7075 hybrid aluminium metal-ceramics composites (AMCs) manufactured using the stir casting route were investigated. Microstructures, compositional elements and worn surfaces were analysed to understand their tribological behaviour. The physical as well as mechanical strength of AMCs were also investigated experimentally. The obtained results highlight that the density of hybrid AMCs decreased by increasing the porcelain particulates in the composite matrix (AA7075+B4C). While, mechanical strength such as micro hardness, tensile strength and compressive strength were increased due to presence of the increased ceramic phases. Furthermore, the wear loss and values of coefficient of friction was reduced with porcelain content increments up to a critical value, after which it began to grow. Finally, in order to elucidate the wear mechanism of hybrid AMC, the worn surfaces were examined with FESEM. The obtained results indicated that the hybrid composite AA7075/4B4C containing 12 wt.% Porcelain particulates enabled the best wear properties.

Effect of B4C and SiC nanoparticle reinforcement on the wear behavior and surface structure of aluminum (Al6063-T6) matrix composite

In this study, boron carbide (B4C) and silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticle reinforced aluminum matrix composites (AMC) were fabricated by stir cast method. The morphology of the SiC and B4C nanoparticles are analysed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The Electron probe microanalysis and energy dispersive spectroscopic analysis were employed to confirm the dispersion of nano SiC and B4C particles in the aluminum matrix. The abrasion wear behavior of these composite materials was investigated under normal loads of 10 N, 20 N and 30 N. The effect of reinforcing materials on wear behaviour was investigated and the reinforced composites exhibits relatively high wear resistance compared to pure Al6063-T6 alloy. Wear resistance of the B4C reinforced AMCs was relatively higher than that of SiC reinforced AMCs at all the applied loads. SEM images of the worn surfaces revealed that micro fracture of the reinforcement composites was the predominant mechanism associated with 3 body abrasion wear. Moreover, SEM images revealed that the debris and detached particle formations are more in the nanoparticle reinforced AMCs. A strong interfacial interactions between Al matrix and SiC nanograin with strong Al–Si bonding is responsible for the high wear resistance. The wear mechanism is varied from abrasive to oxidative by increasing the normal load in all the samples. Moreover, the formation of a condensed spinel structure with the consistent matrix/particle interface bonding provides a substantial particle strengthening effect.

Effect of B4C and graphite particulates on the mechanical and micro structural characteristics of AA 5052 hybrid composites

Reinforced aluminium metal matrix composites are being applied in various fields like automobile, aerospace and other industries. In this study the mechanical behavior of aluminium alloy (AA 5052) composites reinforced with boron carbide and graphite are studied. Aluminium matrix composite specimen was prepared by adding 2, 4, 6, and 8% of boron carbide and graphite by stir casting process. The composites were subjected to tensile, hardness and elongation studies. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) was employed to analyze the uniform distribution of boron carbide and graphite of in the aluminium matrix metal. The microphotographs of the composites specimen exposed fairly uniform distribution of boron carbide and graphite particles in composites. Addition of B4C and graphite in aluminium matrix exhibited better mechanical properties and can be used as a possible material in marine, offshore and other industrial applications.

Mechanical Characterization of Stir Cast Al-7075/B4C/Graphite Reinforced Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites

Abstract The modern technology requires the materials with light weight, high strength, high stiffness and superior mechanical properties. The mechanical properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs) are critical to their potential application as structural materials. A systematic examination is required to study the effect of particulate weight fraction on the mechanical properties. Aluminium based metal matrix composites find varied applications in aerospace, defence, automobile, sports equipment and electronics due to their favourable properties. Al 7075 is a light weight castable alloy with moderate hardness and strength and finds applications in automotive and aerospace. The addition of refractory reinforcement generally improves the hardness, tensile strength and high temperature properties of the material. The present investigation focuses on characterization of Stir cast Al-7075/B4C/Graphite reinforced Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites. Adding B4C with varying reinforcement of three cases, in first case 2% constant with varying graphite 1%, 3%, and 5%, in second case 4%, and in third case 6% constant with varying same graphite percentage, the aluminum matrix hybrid composites have been fabricated by stir-casting method at 650 °C. Castings for tensile testing were prepared in circular metal mold of diameter 20 mm and length 120 mm. The specimens of 55×10×10 mm with 2 mm notch for impact test, 20×10×10 mm for microscopy analysis and hardness test are cut from a cast ingot of 100×50×10 mm using CNC EDM wire cutting. Specimens are prepared as per the ASTM standards and Microstructure investigation, ultimate tensile strength, impact strength and hardness measurements have been correlated with the percentage of B4C and Graphite particles. The effects of B4C and Graphite particle content on the mechanical properties were investigated. The grain size by using the mean intercept length method, Standard deviation and 95% confidence intervals were determined at different weight fractions.

Alloying the surface of AISI 2205 duplex stainless steel material by PTA welding method and making its thermomechanical investigation in ANSYS software

AISI 2205 steel is a duplex stainless steel plate containing 22% Cr, 3% Mo and 5–6% Ni and having the properties like high strength, impact toughness and corrosion resistance. In plasma transfer arc (PTA) welding method, the arc occurs between the tungsten electrode and the workpiece. In this study, the surface of AISI 2205 steel material was alloyed by PTA welding method using different combinations of TiC and B4C powders. The effect of B4C and TiC powders on AISI 2205 steel in coating process performed by PTA welding was investigated. The coating layer was investigated with the help of microhardness, optic microscope, SEM and XRD. As a result of optical microscope, microstructure examinations and microhardness values, it was determined that the coating layer and substrate were bonded to each other metallurgically, there was a significant increase in the hardness values in the presence of B4C and also metal carbide (MC) and metal boride (Me-B) phases formed in the structure. The highest increase in hardness was observed in the sample N4. TiC mixture decreased when B4C rate was 75% increased and the hardness values in the coating region by 330–457 HV. Finally, in the thermomechanical analysis results we found that axes-dependent thermal and residual stresses of the alloying layer increased along the welding. It is clear that the stress distribution along the weld line was the same. At both ends of the weld, there was only a small reduction in the stress size. It was determined that the highest stress concentration existed in the highest cross-sectional area.

A comprehensive review on mechanical properties of Al-B4C stir casting fabricated composite

Abstract Present study emphasizes the recent developments in aluminium metal matrix hybrid composites which is used widely in aerospace and automobile engineering due to low wear rate, low thermal expansion, high hardness and strength properties. Present review paper discuss over mechanical as well as tribological properties of Al-B4C composites fabricated through stir casting route. Aluminium metal matrix composites (AMMCs) are establishing extensive thought for realistic as well as essential reasons for tribological importance. Moreover, for superior properties in AMMCs, very limited experimental data is available because of the difficulties in the homogeneous mixing of reinforcements in composite. In this study, effect of B4C on Aluminium/aluminium alloy matrix has been reviewed and the future scope has been presented.

The effect of B4C and BN nanoparticles on the mechanical and microstructural properties of Al7010 hybrid metal matrix

In the present study, Aluminum 7010 hybrid metal matrix nanocomposites with Boron Carbide (B4C) and Boron Nitride (BN) nanoparticles as reinforcement materials, combined in equal proportions with 0 to 2.5 weight percent (Wt%) of nanoparticles in steps of 0.5 are prepared using ultrasonic assisted stir casting technique. The composites thus obtained are tested for their microhardness, tensile strength and impact strength by using vickers micro hardness tester, universal testing machine and impact testing machine. The microstructural characterization of the composites is carried using scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffractometer. By analyzing the data obtained it was found that the percentage of elongation and impact strength of the composite are reduced with increase in particle reinforcement up to 2 Wt% and thereafter increased. While the tensile strength and microhardness increased with increase in Wt% of B4C and BN particles up to 2 and thereafter decreased.

Experimental optimization of mechanical properties of Al7010/B4C/BN hybrid metal matrix nanocomposites using Taguchi technique

The composite material properties largely dependent on the processing methods and the parameters employed during their manufacturing. In the present study, the effect of B4C and BN nanoparticles on tensile strength and microhardness of Al7010 hybrid metal matrix nanocomposite is investigated. The composite is prepared using ultrasonic assisted stir casting technique, and the effect of processing parameters like weight percentage of particles, stirrer speed, stirring time and temperature on ultimate tensile strength and microhardness are optimized using Analysis of Variance technique. The experiments are planned using Taguchi design of experiment based on the L25 orthogonal array. In all the input parameters, the wt% of B4C and BN is most significant on ultimate tensile strength and microhardness followed by other parameters. Further, the verification of optimal experimental results the confirmation tests was conducted and also a percentage error is found.