Effect Of Astigmatism Research Articles

Refractive Coupling Effects in Keratorefractive Lenticule Extraction Procedures: A Machine Learning-Assisted Approach.

To evaluate the impact of refractive couplings in myopia and myopic astigmatism with two different keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) systems. This was a retrospective evaluation of refractive outcomes with two different lasers studying 2,841 eyes undergoing small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) (VisuMax 500; Carl Zeiss Meditec) and 2,528 eyes undergoing SmartSight (ATOS; SCHWIND eye-tech-solutions GmbH). Coupling effects (derived from the ratio between partial slopes) were determined for sphere and cylinder and for spherical equivalent, cardinal, and oblique astigmatism separately. Statistically significant coupling effects were observed for both the VisuMax and ATOS systems, as indicated by P values less than .05. For the VisuMax, a coupling effect of 8% of cylinder into sphere and a 2% coupling of sphere into cylinder was found. For the ATOS, the coupling effect of sphere into cylinder was 1%. A 3% coupling effect of oblique astigmatism into cardinal astigmatism in the VisuMax, and conversely, a 0.1% coupling effect of defocus into oblique astigmatism in the ATOS were found. In cases with no astigmatism plan, sphere had a 2% effect on induced astigmatism in the VisuMax and 0.6% in the ATOS. In high astigmatism plans, sphere had a significant 16% impact on cylinder in the VisuMax. Additionally, the effect of defocus on cardinal astigmatism was 6% in the VisuMax and 0.8% on oblique astigmatism in the ATOS. Despite the P values less than .05 indicating statistical significance, the observed coupling effects were consistently low, with magnitudes below 10%, even for astigmatism exceeding 2.50 diopters. These couplings may be partly attributed to cross-effects of torsional eye movements. Coupling values for KLEx were markedly lower than those reported for non-aspheric excimer laser ablations. The results suggest that surgical results may be refined further by optimizing nomograms to mitigate coupling effects. [J Refract Surg. 2024;40(10):e706-e715.].

Association between Tomographic Characteristics of Pterygium and Preoperative Anterior and Posterior Topography Measured by Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.

Background: The utilities of anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT) for characterization, differential diagnosis, postoperative monitoring, and evaluation/comparison of surgical techniques in pterygium are described. Through AS-OCT, it is also possible to study the corneal astigmatic effect of pterygium. Our purpose is to study the associations between the anatomical characteristics of pterygium and the corneal topography through AS-OCT. Methods: Fifty eyes with primary pterygium in a tertiary hospital were evaluated before surgery by measuring 10 anatomical variables of pterygium and 13 topographic variables using AS-OCT (Casia 2; Tomey Corp., Nagoya, Japan). Statistical analysis was used to study the association between them. Results: Pterygium classified as flat pattern exhibited lower preoperative values of flat keratometry (K1), real flat keratometry (K1r), average keratometry (AvgK), and real average keratometry (AvgKr) compared to nodular ones. The flat pattern showed greater cylinder (CYL) and real cylinder (CLYr) values. The horizontal corneal invasion proportionally increased CYL and CYLr. Overall, larger anatomical pterygium measurements (limbus thickness (LimbusT), central pterygium thickness (CentreT), head pterygium thickness (HeadT), epithelial thickness at 1 mm (EpitT1mm), stromal thickness at 1 mm (stromT1mm), total thickness at 1 mm (TotalT1mm), total thickness at 2 mm (TotalT2mm), and total thickness at 3 mm (TotalT3mm)) resulted in lower anterior K1, K1r, AvgK, and AvgKr, and posterior K1 and AvgK values. CentreT was greater in astigmatisms against the rule than in oblique ones. Conclusions: This study demonstrates associations between preoperative topography and the NF (nodular or flat) classification of pterygium and its anatomical measurements assessed by AS-OCT.

Orbit–Orbit Interaction in Spatiotemporal Optical Vortex

While spin-orbit interaction has been extensively studied, few investigations have reported on the interaction between orbital angular momenta (OAMs). In this work, we study a new type of orbit–orbit coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM carried by a three-dimensional (3D) spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) in the process of tight focusing. The 3D STOV possesses orthogonal OAMs in the x–y, t–x, and y–t planes, and is preconditioned to overcome the spatiotemporal astigmatism effect. x, y, and t are the axes in the spatiotemporal domain. The corresponding focused wavepacket is calculated by employing the Debye diffraction theory, showing that a phase singularity ring is generated by the interactions among the transverse and longitudinal vortices in the highly confined STOV. The Fourier-transform decomposition of the Debye integral is employed to analyze the mechanism of the orbit–orbit interaction. This is the first revelation of coupling between the longitudinal OAM and the transverse OAM, paving the way for potential applications in optical trapping, laser machining, nonlinear light-matter interactions, and more.

Development and Comprehensive Assessment of the Clinical Effectiveness of a Method For Cataract Phacoemulsification Based on a Single Tunnel Incision

Purpose. Development and evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of a technique for performing phacoemulsification of cataracts (FEC) based on a single tunnel incision.Patients and methods. We observed 96 patients (96 eyes, age 58.2 ± 1.2 years, 61 men, 35 women), divided into two groups equal in age, gender and visual status: control (CG, 46 patients, 46 eyes), for whom FEC was performed using the traditional method (total incision length 4.6 mm) and the main group (MG, 50 patients, 50 eyes), for whom FEC was performed using the developed method (total incision length 2.2 mm). The basis of the developed technique is to make a tunnel incision 2.2 mm long on the temporal side, followed by capsulorhexis, phacofragmentation, phacoemulsification of the lens nucleus and aspiration of the lens masses through a single tunnel incision. In this case, during phacofragmentation, a longitudinal fracture of the lens nucleus is performed along the axis 0–180°, the lens nucleus is rotated along the meridian 90–270° and another longitudinal fracture of the lens nucleus is performed along the axis 0–180°, and after phacoemulsification of the nucleus, aspiration is performed through a coaxial handle and IOL is implanted. A comparative assessment of the clinical effectiveness of the developed and traditional methods was carried out using clinical, refractive, morphological and biochemical parameters.Results. A higher clinical effectiveness of FEC using the developed method has been established (compared to the traditional one), which is confirmed by a decrease in the magnitude of surgically induced astigmatism (by 0.13 diopters, p < 0.001) and a tendency towards higher postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (by 0.05 rel. units, p > 0.05). Along with this, in the МG, compared with the CG, a pronounced decrease in the incidence of dry eye syndrome (by 3.4 %, p < 0.05), C­reactive protein in the tear fluid (by 1.1 mg/l, p < 0.05) and preservation of the number of endothelial cells (by 4.8 %, p < 0.01).Conclusion. The developed technique for performing FEC is an effective prevention of surgically induced astigmatism and negative effects on the corneal endothelium and ocular surface, which is associated with a decrease in the total length of the incision (2.2 mm compared to 4.6 mm) and an intraoperative decrease in the total volume of circulating fluid.

Effect of low-degree astigmatism on the objective visual quality.

To evaluate the effect of low-degree astigmatism on objective visual quality through the Optical Quality Analysis System (OQAS). This study enrolled 46 participants (aged 23 to 30y, 90 eyes) with normal or corrected-to-normal vision. The cylindrical lenses (0, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, and 1.25 D) were placed at the axial direction (180°, 45°, 90°, and 135°) in front of the eyes with the best correction to form 16 types of regular low-degree astigmatism. OQAS was used to detect the objective visual quality, recorded as the objective scattering index (OSI), OQAS values at contrasts of 100%, 20%, and 9% predictive visual acuity (OV100%, OV20%, and OV9%), modulation transfer function cut-off (MTFcut-off) and Strehl ratio (SR). The mixed effect linear model was used to compare objective visual quality differences between groups and examine associations between astigmatic magnitude and objective visual quality parameters. Apparent negative relationships between the magnitude of low astigmatism and objective visual quality were observed. The increase of OSI per degree of astigmatism at 180°, 45°, 90°, and 135° axis were 0.38 (95%CI: 0.35, 0.42), 0.50 (95%CI: 0.46, 0.53), 0.49 (95%CI: 0.45, 0.54) and 0.37 (95%CI: 0.34, 0.41), respectively. The decrease of MTFcut-off per degree of astigmatism at 180°, 45°, 90°, and 135° axis were -10.30 (95%CI: -11.43, -9.16), -12.73 (95%CI: -13.62, -11.86), -12.75 (95%CI: -13.79, -11.70), and -9.97 (95%CI: -10.92, -9.03), respectively. At the same astigmatism degree, OSI at 45° and 90° axis were higher than that at 0° and 135° axis, while MTFcut-off were lower. Low astigmatism of only 0.50 D can significantly reduce the objective visual quality.

Evaluation of statistical correction strategies for corneal back surface astigmatism with toric lenses: a vector analysis.

To compare actual and formula-predicted postoperative refractive astigmatism using measured posterior corneal power measurements and 4 different empiric posterior corneal astigmatism correction models. Tertiary care center. Single-center retrospective consecutive case series. Using a dataset of 211 eyes before and after tIOL implantation (Hoya Vivinex), IOLMaster 700 (IOLM) or Casia2 (CASIA) keratometric and front/back surface corneal power measurements were converted to power vector components C0 (0/90 degrees) and C45 (45/135 degrees). Differences between postoperative and Castrop formula predicted refraction at the corneal plane using the labeled parameters of the tIOL and the keratometric or front/back surface corneal powers were recorded as the effect of corneal back surface astigmatism (BSA). Generally, the centroid of the difference shifted toward negative C0 values indicating that BSA adds some against the rule corneal astigmatism (ATR). From IOLM/CASIA keratometry, the average difference in C0 was 0.39/0.32 diopter (D). After correction with the Abulafia-Koch, Goggin, La Hood, and Castrop nomograms, it was -0.18/-0.24 D, 0.27/0.18 D, 0.13/0.08 D, and 0.17/0.10 D. Using corneal front/back surface data from IOLM/CASIA, the difference was 0.18/0.12 D. The Abulafia-Koch method overcorrected the ATR, while the Goggin, La Hood, and Castrop models slightly undercorrected ATR, and using measurements from the CASIA tomographer seemed to produce slightly less prediction error than IOLM.

Influence of corneal astigmatism on near and far vision in eyes with bifocal intraocular lenses.

Here, we present a full wave propagation model that quantitatively assesses the effect of astigmatism on visual functions in eyes with diffractive bifocal IOLs. The proposed model with bifocal IOLs evaluated the image quality of each focus at varying degrees of corneal astigmatism with the metrics of modulation transfer function and light-in-the-bucket. The results show that corneal astigmatism alters the distance-near image quality balance. Positive (negative) astigmatism has more detrimental effects on far (near) vision. Additionally, bifocal IOLs are more vulnerable to corneal astigmatism, highlighting the need to consider multifocal toric IOLs with astigmatism greater than 1.0 D. The numerical results closely agreed with previous relevant clinical findings, suggesting the clinical usability of the presented method in predicting the postoperative visual function of patients.

Numerical study of satellite image quality in the presence of Seidel aberrations

AbstractWe present estimated images of a hypothetical satellite system in the presence of Seidel aberrations. We exemplified the effects of defocus, spherical, coma, astigmatism, field curvature, and distortion aberrations. Our analysis methods allow the investigation of aberration effects individually and in any combined form. Thereby, we introduce a potentially rich analysis dimension for the imaging chain, image processing, and image quality analyses. For a number of degrees of aberrations, we provide image estimates, show and quantify how individual (field‐dependent) aberrations would introduce degradations on the satellite images. We got correlation coefficient values for defocus, spherical, coma, astigmatism, field curvature, and distortion aberrations as 0.69, 0.71, 0.66, 0.79, 0.76, and 0.60, respectively. Thereby, we identfied the significance order of Seidel aberrations for this system by using image simulations and image similarity measures.

Comparative Analysis of Tolerance to Experimentally Induced Astigmatism with Three Types of Multifocal Intraocular Lenses.

The effect of residual astigmatism and its axis on distance and near visual acuities (VAs) with multifocal intraocular lenses (IOLs) has not been studied extensively. This study compared the tolerance to experimentally induced residual astigmatism among bifocal, trifocal, and extended depth-of-focus (EDOF) IOLs. This retrospective, comparative study included 70 eyes of 70 patients implanted with bifocal, trifocal, or EDOF IOLs. Distance and near VAs were assessed with experimentally induced astigmatism by placing positive cylindrical lenses in increments of 0.50 diopters to 2.00 diopters at 90° and 180° axes over the best distance correction. Both distance and near VAs worsened with increasing magnitudes of experimentally induced astigmatism except in the EDOF group, in which the near VA remained within a clinically acceptable limit, ie, within one line from the best corrected VA under all ranges of experimentally induced astigmatism. Furthermore, the EDOF group showed the highest astigmatic threshold for losing VA lines following experimental astigmatic induction at both distance and near. The distance VA was generally better at with-the-rule (WTR) than against-the-rule (ATR) astigmatism for all three IOL groups. On the other hand, the near VA was generally better at WTR than ATR astigmatism in the bifocal group, comparable between WTR and ATR astigmatism in the trifocal group, and generally better at ATR than WTR astigmatism in the EDOF group. The EDOF IOL demonstrated the highest tolerance to experimentally induced astigmatism at both distance and near. VA was generally less affected by WTR astigmatism than ATR astigmatism, especially at distance. We proposed the residual astigmatism thresholds for clinically acceptable VA reduction in all three IOL groups.

Effects of Lens-Induced Astigmatism at Near and Far Distances [Response to Letter

Effects of Lens-Induced Astigmatism at Near and Far Distances [Response to Letter

Effects of Lens-Induced Astigmatism at Near and Far Distances [Letter

Effects of Lens-Induced Astigmatism at Near and Far Distances [Letter

The Effect of a Parabolic Apodizer on Improving the Imaging of Optical Systems with Coma and Astigmatism Aberrations

We present the results of improving resolution in the imaging of two closely spaced point sources with an optical system under the influence of apodization and different types of aberrations. In particular, we consider the effect of coma and astigmatism, which are well-known aberrations that can deteriorate the resolution of an optical imaging system. Furthermore, a parabolic apodizer was included in an optical system to improve its imaging capabilities. We found that the two-point imaging performance of an optical system with a parabolic apodizer strongly depends on the coherence conditions of incident light. Furthermore, to analyze the efficiency of the parabolic apodizer, we compared the results of two-point imaging obtained with apodized and unapodized optical systems for distances between the two-point sources, less than or equal to the diffraction limit of an optical system. Moreover, the results of imaging the USAF chart with a parabolic apodizer are presented to show the apodizer’s efficacy in single-object imaging. Our results can be applied to the imaging of closely moving structures in microscopy, resolving dense spectral lines in spectroscopy experiments, and developing systems useful for resolving the images of closely associated far-distance objects in astronomical observations.

Effect of astigmatism on visual outcomes after multifocal intraocular lens implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PurposeTo investigate the effects of postoperative astigmatism on the visual outcomes following presbyopia-correcting surgery with multifocal intraocular lens implantation.MethodsA comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science for articles published until January 2023. Additionally, we included retrospective case series and prospective comparative studies. The combined mean difference (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) and odds ratio (OR) with 95% CI were used to express continuous and categorical outcomes, respectively. All statistical analyses were performed using Review Manager (version 5.4.1).ResultsWe included nine eligible studies that analyzed 3,088 eyes. The proportion of eyes with useful postoperative visual acuity (logMAR ≤ 0.20) and residual astigmatism significantly differed with respect to the magnitude of astigmatism and presence/absence of blurred vision (p < 0.001 for both). Additionally, the mean uncorrected distance visual acuity (MD, 0.14; 95% CI, 0.06 to 0.21; p = 0.0003) and uncorrected intermediate visual acuity (MD, 0.07; 95% CI, 0.00 to 0.13; p = 0.04), but not the uncorrected near visual acuity (MD, 0.02; 95%CI-0.01 to 0.05; p = 0.17), significantly differed according to the magnitude of astigmatism.ConclusionAstigmatism, even at low levels (≥ 0.5D), has a significant effect on visual outcomes, especially on UDVA and UIVA, following multifocal intraocular lens implantation. Accurate preoperative and postoperative evaluation of astigmatism is important.

Comparative Evaluation of Astigmatic Changes Induced by Superior and Temporal Corneal Incisions in Sutureless Phacoemulsification Surgery: A Case Series.

Background In cataract surgery, the effect of corneal incision astigmatism has been widely recognized for many years. The incision's size, shape, and location can all impact the patient's postoperative visual outcomes. Currently, phacoemulsification is considered the most preferred surgical technique for cataract extraction. However, there is still some debate about whether temporal incisions, which are smaller and considered nearly astigmatic neutral, result in more astigmatism than other incisions. As a result, it is important to continue studying the refractive changes induced by corneal incisions made at different sites during phacoemulsification surgery. Aim and objective To compare the incidence, extent, and course of postoperative astigmatic changes associated with superior versus temporal clear corneal incisions for sutureless phacoemulsification cataract surgery. Materials and method In this prospective study, 50 patients of the civil hospital in Gujrat with cataracts who underwent sutureless, small incision (2.8 mm) phacoemulsification surgery were included. The preoperative evaluation comprised visual acuity assessment, refraction, keratometry, fundus examination, and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation. The superior incision was made in 25 patients, and the temporal incision was made in another 25 patients. Patients were examined preoperatively on day 1, at one week (day 7), after one month (day 30), and after two months (day 60). Result Postoperatively, two months (on day 60) postoperatively, in group A (superior approach), the mean surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was 0.39±0.34 SD diopters, and in group B (temporal approach), it was 0.5±0.42 SD diopters. A significant statistical difference was not seen between these two groups. Conclusion Surgically induced astigmatism was minimal and comparable with both superior and temporal approaches to clear corneal incisions for phacoemulsification surgery.

Three-mirror free-form off-axis antenna design of beam shaping on a circular substrate

This work presents a design of a three-mirror free-form surface beam shaping system with small dimensions, easy assembly, and good collimation. To facilitate integration and assembly, the three mirrors are integrated into a circular substrate with a radius of 90 mm. Based on the law of energy conservation, Fermat’s principle, and the vector theory of reflection, the input–output mapping is derived, and the three free-form mirrors are constructed point by point simultaneously. Ray tracing results demonstrate that the maximum divergence angle is compressed to 0.467 mrad and the standard deviation of the edge beam radius samples (SDRS) is reduced from 5.42mm to 0.985mm on the receiving plane. The light intensity has a relative root mean square deviation (RRMSD) of only 0.049. Furthermore, the results show that the minimum value of SDRS is 0.940mm at a propagation distance of L=1.72 m, while the minimum value of RRMSD is 0.0431 at L=7.03 m. In addition, the effects of astigmatism and light source offsets on the collimated and shaping effect are analyzed. The design of the free-form surfaces antenna system in this work will provide a new design method for practical engineering and application, and will greatly improve the quality and propagation distance of the Gaussian beam.

Effect of primary astigmatism on the tight focusing of ellipse field singularities

The tight focusing of ellipse field singularities, namely bright and dark C-points, is studied using the Debye–Wolf diffraction integral in the presence of primary astigmatism. The effect of polarization distribution, the sign of polarization singularity index, amplitude, and handedness of the ellipse field singularities are investigated in the intensity distribution of the focal plane of a high numerical aperture lens system in the presence of primary astigmatism. Ellipse field singularities that are tightly focused can create an additional longitudinal component at the focal plane. At the focal plane, both the longitudinal and transverse components of the ellipse fields are found to be hosted with phase vortices of charge ±1. In the presence of primary astigmatism, the helicity inversion of input C-point does not rotate the focal plane intensity distributions by 180°.

Effect of postoperative residual astigmatism on visual outcomes after trifocal intraocular lens implantation.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of residual astigmatism on postoperative visual outcomes after trifocal intraocular lens implantation. In this prospective observational study, we divided 156 eyes into two groups according to postoperative astigmatism measured by subjective optometry and followed them up for 3 months. Visual acuity, modulation transfer function (MTF) curves, Strehl ratio (SR), Visual Function Index-14 scores, and photic phenomena were compared. Linear regression analysis revealed a weak correlation between residual astigmatism and uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) (r = 0.190, P = 0.016) at 3 months and a significant between-group difference at 1- and 3-month postoperative UDVA (P = 0.038, P = 0.018, respectively). MTF curve values and SR (MTF-10 total, MTF-10 cornea, MTF-30 total, MTF-30 cornea, SR Total, and SR cornea) were significantly worse (P < 0.001), and the Visual Function Index-14 scores were lower in the 0.5 < astigmatism ≤ 1.25 D group (P < 0.05) than in the astigmatism ≤ 0.5 D group. No significant differences were found in the frequency, severity, and bothersomeness of photic phenomena (P > 0.05). Postoperative residual astigmatism affects the UDVA of the trifocal intraocular lens-implanted eyes. Although we found no significant differences in uncorrected intermediate and near visual acuity, both objective and subjective visual quality were affected, suggesting the need for surgical planning when the anticipated postoperative astigmatism is >0.5 D.

Statistical properties of a partially coherent azimuthally polarized beam with an astigmatic phase.

An analytical expression for a partially coherent azimuthally polarized beam with an astigmatic phase (PCAPBAP) is derived. The statistical properties of the PCAPBAP propagating in a paraxial-focused system are studied through numerical examples. It is shown that the beam's shape changes in a unique way during propagation, and this type of change is related to the rotating factor of the astigmatic phase. Moreover, the influence of the rotating factor and source coherence length on the beam's polarization and coherence is investigated in detail. The results show that the coherence and polarization properties of the beam also change obviously due to the astigmatic phase's effect. This paper will be helpful to the fields of optical tweezers, optical needles, imaging, and so on.

Effects of Lens-Induced Astigmatism at Near and Far Distances.

To investigate and compare the degradation of visual acuity (VA) in myopic presbyopes due to lens-induced astigmatism at near and at far distance. Fourteen corrected myopic presbyopes were recruited. VA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) was measured binocularly for different conditions of lens-induced astigmatism: cylindrical powers of -0.25, -0.50, -0.75, -1.00, -1.50, and -2.00 diopters (and positive spherical power of half the cylindrical power) with two axis orientations (with-the-rule WTR and against-the-rule ATR) were added to their optical correction. Measurements were carried out at far and near distance both in photopic and mesopic conditions, and for high and low contrast (HC/LC) stimuli. The paired Wilcoxon signed-rank statistics test was used to evaluate difference between conditions. The measured VA as a function of the lens-induced astigmatism was described by regression lines in all investigated experimental conditions. The angular coefficients (slopes) of these lines represent the VA degradation, ie, the variation in logMAR corresponding to the addition of 1.00 diopters of cylindrical power. In photopic HC conditions, the VA degradation is significantly more pronounced at far distance than at near distance (0.22±0.06 diopters-1 vs 0.15±0.05 diopters-1, p = 0.0061 in WTR conditions; 0.18±0.06 diopters-1 vs 0.12±0.05 diopters-1, p = 0.0017 in ATR conditions), although VAs at near and at far with zero cylinder were similar (-0.14±0.10 vs -0.14±0.08, p = 0.824). The better tolerance to lens-induced astigmatism blur at near than at far distance in photopic conditions with HC stimuli is tentatively attributed to a possible experience-mediated neural compensation associated to the tendency of the eye toward an inherent astigmatism at near.

Long-term analysis of intrascleral fixation of intraocular lens: trocar-cannula-based sutureless intrascleral fixation versus sutured scleral fixation.

To compare the long-term outcomes of sutureless intrascleral fixation of the intraocular lens (IOL) versus sutured scleral fixation. We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of patients who underwent intrascleral fixation of the intraocular lens using two different techniques: trocar-cannula-based sutureless fixation and sutured scleral fixation. Clinical outcomes were compared before and 1-, 3-, 6-, and 12-month follow-ups after the operation. 51 patients were followed over a 12-month period after the operation, including 28 eyes in the sutureless group and 23 eyes in the sutured group. Best-corrected visual acuity and spherical equivalent values reached targeted values faster in the sutureless scleral fixation of the intraocular lens. However, no significant difference was observed between the two groups. For IOL capture, there was a statistically significant difference observed in the incidence of postoperative complications, which was demonstrated by one eye in the sutureless group and seven in the sutured group (p=0.009). To exclude the effect of corneal astigmatism, surgically induced astigmatism (SIA) was calculated based on the astigmatism value one year after surgery. It was found that the sutureless technique significantly reduced the occurrence of astigmatism (2.43 ± 1.42 vs 1.65 ± 0.94, p=0.031). In a one-year follow-up period, the trocar-cannula-based sutureless technique was reliable and effective. Sutureless fixation was associated with fewer postoperative complications and lower SIA values than those with sutured fixation.