Effect Of Arm Swing Research Articles

The effect of arm swing during countermovement jump in pes planus athletes

The effect of arm swing during countermovement jump in pes planus athletes

팔 흔들기가 건강한 성인의 오르막길 보행에 미치는 영향

팔 흔들기가 건강한 성인의 오르막길 보행에 미치는 영향

Effect of Arm Swing on Running for Athletes with Forearm Prosthesis

Effect of Arm Swing on Running for Athletes with Forearm Prosthesis

Design and evaluation of a rehabilitation device for amateur athletes considering the effect of arm swing during running

Design and evaluation of a rehabilitation device for amateur athletes considering the effect of arm swing during running

Effects of trunk rotation induced treadmill gait training on gait of stroke patients: a randomized controlled trial.

[Purpose] This study was conducted to find out the effect of arm swing during treadmill training on the gait of stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] This study subjects were 20 stroke subjects patients who were randomly assigned to either the experimental group (EG) or the control group (CG), 10 subjects in each group. Therapists induced arm swing of affected side of EG subjects using Nordic poles, while subjects in CG had the affected arm restricted to prevent arm swing. Training was performed for 30 minutes, 3 times a week for 4 weeks. The timed up and go test (TUG), the dynamic gait index (DGI) and the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were assessed before and after the training. [Results] After the training, there were no significant differences in the TUG times of EG and CG. There were significant differences in the DGI and the 6-minute walking distance of EG, but not of CG. There were also significant differences in the improvements of the DGI and the 6-minute walking distance between the groups. [Conclusion] Arm swing training had a positive effect on patients’ gait ability. Further studies are required to generalize the results of this study.

Effect of arm swing on single-step balance recovery

Balance recovery techniques are useful not only in preventing falls but also in many sports activities. The step strategy plays an important role especially under intense perturbations. However, relatively little is known about the effect of arm swing on stepping balance recovery although considerable arm motions have been observed. The purpose of this study was to examine how the arms influence kinematic and kinetic characteristics in single-step balance recovery. Twelve young male adults were released from three forward-lean angles and asked to regain balance by taking a single step under arm swing (AS) and arm constrained (AC) conditions. It was found that unconstrained arms had initial forward motion and later upward motion causing increased moment of inertia of the body, which decreased falling angular velocity and allowed more time for stepping. The lengthened total balance time included weight transfer and stepping time, although duration increase in the latter was significant only at the largest lean angle. In contrast, step length, step velocity, and vertical ground reaction forces on the stepping foot were unaffected by arm swing. Future studies are required to investigate optimal movement strategies for the arms to coordinate with other body segments in balance recovery and injury reduction.

Effect of arm swing on effective energy during vertical jumping: Experimental and simulation study

Arm swing helps to increase vertical jump height (VJH), in part by a greater hip joint muscle work. The force-velocity relationship has been put forward to explain the increase in hip joint work. Nevertheless, the efficacy ratio, muscle shortening length, and active state might be parameters that affect the effective energy and then VJH. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of arm swing on effective energy in vertical jumping. Eight subjects performed maximal squat jumps with (SJ arm ) and without arm swing (SJ). A simulation model of the musculo-skeletal system was applied. For subjects and simulation, VJH was about 20% higher during SJ arm. In subjects, this was explained by the shoulder joint work (34%) and an increase of L5-S1 joint work (66%). In simulated jump, effective energy increase during SJ arm (+80.74 J) was related to an improvement of the total muscle work and not to the efficacy ratio. The increase in total muscle work was due to anterior deltoid work and to greater erector spinae, biceps femoris, and gluteus work. The greater muscle works were explained by a slower shortening velocity for all the muscles and by a greater shortening length and active state for the biceps femoris.

The effect of restricted arm swing on energy expenditure in healthy men

Arm swing in human walking is an active natural motion involving the upper extremities. Earlier studies have described the interrelationship between arms and legs during walking, but the effect of arm swing on energy expenditure and dynamic parameters during normal gait, is inconclusive. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of restricted arm swing during walking on energy expenditure and spatio-temporal parameters. Fifteen healthy men (aged 19-29 years, height 158-192 cm, weight 50-80 kg) volunteered to walk on a Woodway (Hamburg, Germany) treadmill for 10 min at four different, random velocities, customary walking speed (CWS=100%), slow walking speed (80% CWS), fast walking speed (120% CWS) and very fast walking speed (140% CWS). Participants walked twice at each velocity: once with a natural arm swing and once with restricted arms. Sensor Medics Vmax29 (California, USA), a metabolic system machine measured oxygen consumption. Heart rate was also recorded. Concurrently, selected spatial-temporal parameters were taken. Walking with restricted arms resulted in a significant increase in VO2 consumption (VO2C) (8-34%), heart rate (8-17%) and O2 cost (8-20%). A significant increase in cadence (F=674.71; P<0.000) was accompanied by an equal reduction in stride length (F=748.21; P<0.000). Estimating VO2C based on changes in cadence while speeding and with restricted arms, indicated an 8-22.7% reduction in VO2C. Restricted arm swing seems to increase VO2C, whereas an increase in cadence tends to reduce VO2C to maintain constrained high velocity. The results of this study are relevant to gait efficiency of patients suffering from upper extremity dysfunction such as upper-limbs amputees and Parkinson's disease or in long distance walking of healthy participants carrying loads in their arms.

The effect of arm swing on lower extremities in vertical jumping

Although it is known that an arm swing can enhance the performance in vertical jumping, the mechanisms through which this enhancement occurs are not yet clearly described. The purpose of this study was to examine how arm swing affects the lower extremity torque, power and work in vertical jumping and to gain an insight into the mechanisms that enable the arm swing to increase jump height. Five subjects maximally performed two types of vertical squat jumps with (SJA) and without (SJ) an arm swing from a force platform. All performances were videotaped with a high-speed video camera (200 Hz). The jump heights, joint torques, power and work were calculated by combining kinematic and kinetic data. It was confirmed that arm swing enhanced the jump height significantly ( p < 0.01 ) . The work by the hip and by the ankle was significantly augmented by arm swing ( p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 , respectively). However, the work by the knee was significantly smaller in SJA ( p < 0.05 ) . The total work by the three lower extremity joints (ankle, knee and hip) was significantly larger in SJA ( p < 0.05 ) . The increase of the lower extremity work by the arm swing (31.4 J) was about twice as large as the work done by the shoulder and elbow in SJA (16.3 J). It was concluded that the increment of jump height resulted mainly from the increase of the lower extremity work, which is considered to have been brought about by the additional load on the lower extremity due to the arm swing.

A Simulation Study of the Effect of Arm Swing on Maximum Vertical Jump Performance

A Simulation Study of the Effect of Arm Swing on Maximum Vertical Jump Performance

JUMP ANALYSIS OF A COLLEGIATE WOMEN??S VOLLEYBALL TEAM

Vertical jumping ability is used as an assessment of power output and is an essential component to the success of volleyball players. Jump analysis of athletes provides useful information that is used by coaches to prescribe training protocols. PURPOSE: This study compared height, weight, vertical and actual jump height (with and without arm swing), and propulsion time of a intercollegiate (Division I) volleyball team with a national women's team. In addition, the effect of arm swing and influence of propulsion time, height, and weight on vertical jump were analyzed. METHODS: Eight members of the 2000 Syracuse University women's volleyball team (19.6 +/− 1.18yrs, 178.6 +/− 4.24cm, 70.1 +/− 4.1kg) participated in the study. Data previously obtained from 18 women from a US National volleyball team (23.1 +/− 2.24yrs, 183.8 +/− 5.75cm, 74.8 +/− 4.88 kg) was used as a comparison. Subjects performed 6 jumps on a force platform, 3 jumps with arm swing and 3 without. Actual (AH) and vertical (VH) jump heights were recorded using a Vertec for the three jumps with an arm swing. Jump height and propulsion time was also analyzed using the force plate data from the 3 jumps with arm swing (AS) and the 3 jumps without (NAS). RESULTS: The Syracuse University team had significantly greater jump height (59.4 +/− 4.4cm VH, 36.8 +/− 6.22 NAS) when compared to the US team (53.4 +/− 5.0cm VH, 31.1 +/− 3.2 NAS, p < 0.05). However, the US team had significantly greater actual jump height and smaller propulsion times (296.5 +/− 9.8cm AH, 0.261 +/− 0.039s) when compared to the Syracuse team (288.6 +/− 6.3cm AH, 0.303 +/− 0.037s, p < 0.05). Arm swing was found to contribute 11 and 19% of vertical jump height for the Syracuse and US team, respectively. CONCLUSION: These results suggest that actual jump height and propulsion time may be more important than vertical jump to the success of volleyball players.

Effect of arm swing and varying knee angles on performance in standing jumps

Effect of arm swing and varying knee angles on performance in standing jumps