Effect Of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs Research Articles

3D-printed HA15-loaded β-Tricalcium Phosphate/Poly (Lactic-co-glycolic acid) Bone Tissue Scaffold Promotes Bone Regeneration in Rabbit Radial Defects.

In this study, a β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)/poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) bone tissue scaffold was loaded with osteogenesis-promoting drug HA15 and constructed by three-dimensional (3D) printing technology. This drug delivery system with favorable biomechanical properties, bone conduction function, and local release of osteogenic drugs could provide the basis for the treatment of bone defects. The biomechanical properties of the scaffold were investigated by compressive testing, showing comparable biomechanical properties with cancellous bone tissue. Furthermore, the microstructure, pore morphology, and condition were studied. Moreover, the drug release concentration, the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs in vitro and in rabbit radial defects, and the ability of the scaffold to repair the defects were studied. The results show that the scaffold loaded with HA15 can promote cell differentiation into osteoblasts in vitro, targeting HSPA5. The micro-computed tomography scans showed that after 12 weeks of scaffold implantation, the defect of the rabbit radius was repaired and the peripheral blood vessels were regenerated. Thus, HA15 can target HSPA5 to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress which finally leads to promotion of osteogenesis, bone regeneration, and angiogenesis in the rabbit bone defect model. Overall, the 3D-printed β-TCP/PLGA-loaded HA15 bone tissue scaffold can be used as a substitute material for the treatment of bone defects because of its unique biomechanical properties and bone conductivity.

Pengaruh Pemberian Terapi Obat Anti Tubekulosis Fase Intensif Terhadap Kadar Hemoglobin pada Penderita Tuberkulosis di Kota Kupang

ABSTRACT
 Background : Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. According to World Health Organization Report (WHO), TB was ranked as the tenth highest cause of death in the world at 2016. During therapy, patients with active TB for category I were given Isoniazid, Rifampicin, Pyrazinamide and Ethambutol for 2 months which is the intensive phase and 4 months for continuation phase. Various studies have showed intensive administration of Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (ATD) have a relationship with hemoglobin levels either increasing or decreasing hemoglobin levels in tuberculosis patients.
 Objective : To find out the effect of ATD on hemoglobin levels in tuberculosis patients during the intensive phase of TB treatment in Kupang City
 Methods : This study was an interventional study using the Quasy-Experimental One Group Pretest and Post Test research design to determine effect of ATD on hemoglobin levels in tuberculosis patients during the intensive phase of TB treatment conducted in 11 Primary Health Care in Kupang City by taking capillary blood to measured hemoglobin level. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling and the sample size is 48 people of lung tuberculosis patients. The study was analyzed univariately and bivariately using paired-t test.
 
 Results : The results of data analysis of changes in hemoglobin levels before and after administration intensive phase of ATD showed significance value of p = 0.003 (p <0.05) with mean of ΔHb 0.88 gr/dl.
 
 Conclusion : There is an effect of administration intensive phase of anti-tuberculosis therapy to hemoglobin levels in tuberculosis patients in Kupang City

NAT2 polymorphism and clinical factors that increase antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity.

Aim: Hepatotoxicity is a known adverse effect of antituberculosis drugs. The NAT2 gene polymorphism has been associated with an increased risk of antituberculosis drug-induced hepatotoxicity (ATDIH). Materials & methods: This study investigates the association of NAT2 polymorphism and clinical risk factors that may contribute to the development of ATDIH. The authors sequenced the NAT2 region of 33 tuberculosis patients who developed ATDIH and 100 tuberculosis patients who did not develop ATDIH during tuberculosis treatment. NAT2 haplotypes were inferred and NAT2 acetylator status was predicted from the combination of the inferred haplotypes. Multiple logistic regression was performed to identify possible factors that are associated with ATDIH. Results: The TT genotype of NAT2*13A and the AA genotype of NAT2*6B were found to be substantially linked with the risk of ATDIH, with odds ratios of 3.09 (95% CI: 1.37-6.95) and 3.07 (95% CI: 1.23-7.69), respectively. NAT2 slow acetylators are 3.39-times more likely to develop ATDIH. Factors that were associated with ATDIH include underlying diabetes mellitus (adjusted odds ratio[AOR]: 2.96; 95% CI: 1.05-8.37), pre-treatment serum bilirubin (AOR: 1.09; 95% CI: 1.02-1.16) and NAT2 slow acetylator (AOR: 3.77; 95% CI: 1.51-9.44). Conclusion: Underlying diabetes mellitus, having a higher baseline bilirubin and being a slow acetylator are identified as the risk factors associated with ATDIH among patients in Malaysia.

STUDI LITERATUR GAMBARAN HASIL PEMERIKSAAN UREUM PADA PENDERITA TUBERCULOSIS (TB) PARU YANG MENGONSUMSI OBAT ANTI TUBERCULOSIS (OAT)

Pulmonary Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease of the respiratory tract of the lungs caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. To treat the disease by using Anti Tuberculosis Drugs (ATD) which is used for 4-6 months. Treatment time that is long enough can affect the kidneys which have an effect until the occurrence of impaired kidney function. One of the important prognostic factors to evaluate the effect of ATD is by observing kidney function using laboratory indicators such as urea examination. This study aims to determine the description of the results of urea levels in pulmonary TB patients who take ATD with the type of literature study research and data collection with library techniques. The samples in this study were journals and scientific papers related to pulmonary TB patients who took ATD with a total of 6. The method used in this study was a literature study. The results of the study were obtained based on the results of a review of 5 literatures, obtained from 167 samples, obtained normal urea levels as many as 112 (67.1%) samples and urea levels which increased by 55 (32.9%) samples so that it can be concluded that patients with tuberculosis (TB) In the lungs, especially those taking ATD, some have normal urea levels and some have an increase.

Vitamin D deficiency and Tuberculosis in Basrah: The Effect of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs

Background Low vitamin D levels had been reported to be associated with a wide range of health problems, one of them is tuberculosis. the aim is to estimate vitamin D serum concentration among patients with tuberculosis at baseline, 2 and 5 months after starting anti-tuberculosis treatment. Methods The study was carried out at the TB Center and College of Medicine in Basrah (Iraq), during the period from September 2018 to June 2019. Participants were newly diagnosed tuberculosis patients, and their matched apparently healthy controls. Total 25-hydroxy vitamin D in serum was estimated using chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay. Calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, and others, were also measured. Results There were no statistically significant difference in the mean levels of vitamin D between tuberculosis patients at baseline (n=56) and control subjects (n=57). The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency was high in patients and their controls at baseline where more than 80% of them had a vitamin D level below 20 ng/ml. When patients were followed two months after starting anti-tuberculosis treatment, the mean serum vitamin D level was significantly lower than that at baseline. Despite the wide spread vitamin D deficiency among TB patients, all smear-positive pulmonary TB patients, except 3, had sputum conversion after 2 months of treatment. Conclusions The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is high with no significant difference between tuberculosis patients at baseline and their matched normal controls. Vitamin D deficiency did not seem to affect the response of patients to anti-TB treatment.

Effect of appointment of a complex of amino acids on the level of human-beta-defensin-1 and liver function on the background of antituberculosis therapy

Objective — to investigate influence of amino acids appointment on Human-beta-defensin-1 level and liver function in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis who take anti-tuberculosis treatment.Materials and methods. 100 patients with pulmonary tuberculosis were included in the study. 8 of them were subsequently excluded from the study due to treatment interruption, while another 92 patients were divided into 3 groups: 46 patients of Group 1 did not receive additional therapy, 23 patients of Group 2 received essential amino acids in tablet form for 30 days and patients of Group 3 received injectable essential amino acids for 10 days and then amino acids in tablet form for 20 days. Effectiveness of intensive phase was determined basing on cessation of bacterial excretion and appearance of positive X-ray dynamics in form of consolidation of infiltrates and healing of cavities or their size’s decreasing.Results and discussion. Comparison of Human-beta-defensin-1 in groups after 2 months of treatments how edit shighest level inGroup 1 ((45.19 ± 8.67) µmol/L, median — 51.10 µmol/L), the lower one in Group 2 ((9.43 ± 2.97) µmol/L, median — 3.46 µmol/L) and the lowest level in Group 3 ((7.30 ± 1.21) µmol/L, median — 6.04 µmol/L), p < 0.05. Comparison of ALT in groups after 2 months of treatment showed its highest level in Group 1 (1.2 ± 0.2 µmol/L, median — 1.1 µmol/L) and significantly lower level in Group 2 ((0.4 ± 0.1) µmol/L, median — 0.4 µmol/L) and Group 3 ((0.5 ± 0,1) µmol/L, median — 0.4 µmol/L), p < 0.05. Comparison of AST in groups after 2 months of treatment showed its highest level in Group 1 ((0.93 ± 0.13) µmol/L, median — 0,71 µmol/L) and significantly lower level in Group 2 ((0.34 ± 0.04) µmol/L, median — 0.35 µmol/L) and Group 3 ((0.29 ± 0.04) µmol/L, median — 0.30 µmol/L), p < 0.05. Comparison of thymol test in groups showed the lowest result in Group 1 ((4.08 ± 0.44) U, median — 3.25 U), the higher one n Group 2 ((4.38 ± 0.58) U, median — 4.40 U) and the highest result in Group 3 ((5.99 ± 0.79) U, median — 6.30 U), p < 0.05.Conclusions. The inclusion of a complex of amino acids in the pathogenetic therapy of pulmonary tuberculosis increases the effectiveness of the intensive phase of anti-tuberculosis therapy, reduces the hepatotoxic effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs and stimulates the production of Human-beta-defensin-1, which leads to an earlier and balanced immune response. The appointment of a complex of amino acids according to a scheme including the use of an injectable form of the drug has a more pronounced positive effect than the isolated use of a tablet form.

The Effect of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs on Liver Enzymes in Iraqi Patients

Tuberculosis is a national and world-wide spreading disease that many patients suffer from in addition to their battle with the disease itself, a new health challenging aspect is added which is the adverse effects of the anti-tuberculous drugs, as they have a hepatotoxic effect therefore this study has targeted the effect of anti-tuberculous drugs on liver enzymes. The study was conducted in three cities in Iraq (Baghdad, Samawah and diyala) 30 patients in total. All patients were registered in the national centers of infectious diseases according to their city. patients were monitored for four months for liver enzymes level (ALT, AST and ALP) , which were markedly elevated in the first two months then a promising recovery to normal levels in the later four months. Combined therapy of pyrazinamide, rifampicin, ethambutol and isoniazid has been used to all patients equally. Patient and Methods : In descriptive study, a total of 30 cases aged from 7-65 years where collected from the national centers of tuberculosis centers in Iraq, from july 2018 to January 2019.pateints were treated for two months with combined drug formula (rifampicin, ethambutol, isoniazid and pyrazinamide) followed by isoniazid and rifampicin for the second two months. Blood samples were collected at 7 occasions, before treatment followed by 1 months, 2 months, 3 months, 4 months, 5 months and 6 months. Investigated for ALT, AST and ALP. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver. 23, results expressed as means and ± standard deviation, paired sample t -test study was used. Inclusion and Exclusion: Patients included in our study were with pulmonary tuberculosis or extra pulmonary tuberculosis, planned and completed a full course of antituberculous. Any patient didn’t complete the course and followed the treatment protocol was excluded. Statistical analysis: Data is presented as means ± standard deviation (S.D) and were compared using paired sample t-test for continuous variables and Wilcoxon test. SPSS version 23.0 was used for analyzing the data, and p-values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant.

Naringenin mitigates antituberculosis drugs induced hepatic and renal injury in rats

Tuberculosis is one of the deadly diseases, which can be well treated by antituberculosis drugs (ATDs) i.e. isoniazid, rifampicin, pyrazinamide and ethambutol. These drugs also lead to severe hepatic and renal injury. The present study was designed to investigate efficacy of naringenin against ATDs induced hepato-renal injury. Rats were administered with ATDs for 8 weeks (3 day/week) followed by naringenin at three different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/kg) conjointly for 8 weeks (3 days/week) orally. Silymarin (50 mg/kg) was used as positive control in the study. Hepatic and renal injury was measured by increased level of serological parameters such as aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, bilirubin, urea, uric acid and creatinine. The toxic effect of ATDs was also indicated by significant increase in lipid peroxidation along with decline in GSH, catalase and superoxide dismutase activity in liver and kidney tissues. Treatment with naringenin encountered ATDs induced injury as evident by significant reversal of biochemical indices towards their respective control in a dose dependent manner. Histopathological observations also supported biochemical findings. Assessment of TNF-α indicated therapeutic efficacy of naringenin at molecular level. Thus, results of this study clearly showed that naringenin possess protective role against ATDs induced hepato-renal injury and to take naringenin supplementation as food may be worthwhile to reduce ATDs induced hepato-renal injury.

Sarcoidosis of respiratory system at the beginning of the III Millennium

Sarcoidosis of respiratory system is a systemic granulomatosis disease accompanied by the development of epithelioid cell granulomas. During the treatment by glucocorticosteroid drugs or spontaneously, these granulomas disperse or get compacted. Connective tissue with annular distribution is formed around them. Sarcoidosis is etiologically, clinically and morphologically close to tuberculosis. The highest incidence of sarcoidosis has been observed among the urban population of the North of Europe (England, France, Sweden, Poland) - from 20 to 40 per 100000 population. In Russia summary data on the incidence of sarcoidosis does not exist. In the beginning of the Third Millennium according to the St. Petersburg sarcoidosis data it was 8-11 per 100000 people. The basis for justification of the tuberculous nature of sarcoidosis was the similarity of granulomas structure, its combination with tuberculosis and its transformation into tuberculosis with the release of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The main argument among the opponents of this etiology of the sarcoidosis - is the lack of effect from taking antituberculous medicine. Inefficiency takes place because the point of application of these drugs is the microbial wall. In sarcoidosis, granular and L-forms of mycobacteria with thin cell wall and changes in its structure with which antituberculous drugs contact them are detected in patients. Growth of such microorganisms on special nutrient media causes the restoration of the structure of microbial wall with the restoration of the bacteriostatic effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs.

Effect of Anti-tuberculosis Drugs on Liver Damage Based on Alanine Aminotransferase Level in Pulmonary Tuberculosis Patients

Background : Antituberculosis (anti-TB) drugs could cause serious effect such as hepatotoxicity signed by the increase of Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) level. Anti-TB drugs are still needed by TB patients who have hepatotoxicity, although clinicians who manage this condition have not recognize whether the advantage of anti-TB drugs is higher than its adverse effect, and there is no data describing about that issue. This study was conducted to discover the liver damage based on the ALT changes before and 12 days after initial anti-TB treatment. Methods : This was a cross-sectional study with total sampling of medical records of pulmonary tuberculosis inpatients from 1st January 2013–31th December 2014 at the Department of Internal Medicine of Dr. Hasan Sadikin.General Hospital. From 141 data, only 14 medical records were eligible to be included in this study. The data used were ALT level before and after therapy. These data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test and considered as significant if p<0.05. Results : The median age of the subject study was 48(18-65) years. Among 14 patients, 8 were female and 6 were male. Five out of fourteen patients developed hepatotoxicity. Four out of five developed grade 1 hepatotoxicity and one out of five developed hepatotoxicity grade 4. The analysis of the data showed the differences of ALT level before anti-TB therapy (22(4-447)) and 12 days after initial therapy (18.5(4-1206)) was not significant (p=0.660). Conclusions : There is no liver damage based on ALT changes after anti-TB treatment so the treatment can be continued.

The Effect of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs on the Effectiveness of Anti-Retroviral Therapy in HIV-AIDS Patients

The Effect of Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs on the Effectiveness of Anti-Retroviral Therapy in HIV-AIDS Patients

Effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs on hematological profiles of tuberculosis patients attending at University of Gondar Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia.

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) treatment may present significant hematological disorder and some anti-TB drugs also have serious side effects. Although many other diseases may be reflected by the blood and its constituents, the abnormalities of red cells, white cells, platelets, and clotting factors are considered to be primary hematologic disorder as a result of tuberculosis treatment. The aim of this study was to determine hematological profiles of TB patients before and after intensive phase treatment.ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine hematological profiles of TB patients before and after intensive phase treatment.MethodsSmear positive new TB patients were recruited successively and socio-demographic characteristics were collected using pre-tested questionnaire. About 5 ml of venous blood was collected from each patient and the hematological profiles were determined using Mindry BC 3000 plus automated hematology analyzer.ResultThe hematological profiles of TB patients showed statistically significant difference in hematocrit (38.5 % versus 35.7 %), hemoglobin (12.7 g/lversus11.8 g/l) and platelet (268 × 103/μlversus239 × 103/μl) values of patients before initiation of treatment and after completion of the intensive phase of tuberculosis treatment, respectively (P < 0.05). The red cell distribution width (RDW) of treatment naïve TB patients was by far lower (17.6 ± 7.09 %) than the corresponding RDW (31.9 ± 5.19 %) of intensive phase treatment completed patients. Among TB patients that had high platelet distribution width (PDW) (n = 11) before initiation of TB treatment, 10 demonstrated lower PDW values after completion of the intensive phase. There was no significant difference on total white blood cell count among TB patients before and after completion of the 2 month treatment.ConclusionThe levels of hemoglobin, hematocrit and platelet count of the TB patients were significantly lowered after completion of the intensive phase of TB treatment. Significant variation of the RDW and PDW were also observed among treatment naïve and treatment completed patients. Hematological abnormalities resulted from TB treatment should be assessed continuously throughout the course of tuberculosis therapy.

Reproductive Disorders in Streptozotocin-Treated Male Rats Following Co-Administration of Ethambutol, Rifampicin, Isoniazid and Pyrazinamide

AbstractObjectives: To evaluate the effect of anti-tuberculosis drugs (ATD) on indices ofreproductive capability, DNA fragmentation and offspring development of male ratswith testicular malfunction caused by experimental diabetes. Materials and Methods: Wistar albino male rats (body weight 160-200 g) were divided into threegroups: I - control, II - streptozotocin diabetes, III - streptozotocin diabetes + ATD.The testis DNA fragmentation was determined electrophoretically; spermatogeneticindices, offspring antenatal and postnatal development indices - by standardprocedures. Morphological analyses of gonadic structures were carried out by opticmicroscopy. Results: The study of the effects of diabetes and ATD administration ontestis cells morphologic and morphometric parameters and spermatogenesissuggested the presence of specific diabetes- and anti tuberculosis drugs - mediatedquantitative and qualitative changes in male rat reproductive organs,spermatogenetic epithelial cells, level and character of DNA fragmentation incomparison with normal rats. These changes were accompanied by alterations inprocesses of fertilisation (with intact females), embryogenesis and by lowering ofoffspring survival. Conclusions: Observed changes could hence affect the state andcorrect functioning of spermatogenetic epithelium and of other tissues ofreproductive organs, as well as offspring development in diabetic rats.