Effect Of Anthracnose Research Articles

Effects of Anthracnose on the Structure and Diversity of Endophytic Microbial Communities in Postharvest Avocado Fruits

Effects of Anthracnose on the Structure and Diversity of Endophytic Microbial Communities in Postharvest Avocado Fruits

Pathogenicity of Colletotrichum coccodes causing anthracnose disease and its effect on growth and yield of sweet potato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam

The disease causing ability of Colletotrichum coccodes and the effect of anthracnose on growth and yield of sweet potato accessions were evaluated in a two-year field trial. Field layout was a randomized complete block design with 16 sweet potato accessions replicated thrice. Young leaves of sweet potato accessions were sprayed with an inoculum concentration of 2.1 × 107 in a two-split application in the field with growth, yield, and disease indices recorded. Pathogenicity of C. coccodes was significantly highest among four accessions; OW4, SE10, SE12 and SPK-004 with abundant necrosis on leaves and stems of inoculated plants. Disease incidence varied between 2.48% - 52.83%, and 2.77% - 50.73%, during the 2018 and 2019 planting seasons respectively, with host response ranging from being susceptible to resistant. Accessions OW5 and OS15 had significantly lower disease incidence and severity than other treatments (p = 0.031 and 0.28 respectively) and also produced the highest yield ranging between 15.84 - 17.29, and 14.88 - 15.72 t/ha-1, in 2018 and 2019, respectively. This study has shown that anthracnose causes significant reduction in expected yield in sweet potato cultivation and also identified two resistant sweet potato accessions that can be useful sources in breeding for resistance to the disease.

Effects of anthracnose on C, N and P stoichiometry in the shoot of forage oat in north Shanxi Province, China.

The C, N and P stoichiometry are helpful to understand the capacity of carbon assimilation and nutrient utilization efficiency during plant growth, as well as to diagnose nutrient limitation status. There is still a knowledge gap about the effects of disease on plant stoichiometry. In this study, forage oats (Avena sativa) suffering from anthracnose were the object of research conducted in north Shanxi Province. The C, N and P stoichiometry in the shoot of oat were examined at different degrees of disease occurrence. We analyzed the relationship of plant stoichiometry with disease duration, cultivar, and cultivation methods. The results showed that C, N and P contents decreased with the increasing degree of disease occurrence. The C, N and P contents in the plants with serious disease were significantly lower than that of healthy plants with a decreasing rate of 5.4%, 20.0% and 24.2%, respectively. C:N and C:P showed an increasing trend with the increases of the degree of disease occurrence. C:N and C:P of the plants with serious disease were significantly increased by 18.5% and 22.2%, respectively, than that of healthy plants. There was no significant difference for C content among different sampling sites, which indicated that the three varieties of forage oats might have disease tolerance capacity to ensure crop production. However, the stoichiometric values of N and P varied from place to place. The longer the disease duration was, the more reduction of N and P contents. Compared with monoculture oats, the P utilization efficiency of mixture oats was decreased by anthracnose. In summary, anthracnose had negative impacts on carbon assimilation capacity of forage oats in northern Shanxi. Anthracnose increased the restriction of N and P nutrition on the aboveground parts. However, anthracnose significantly improved N and P utilization efficiency. For the production practice, it was recommended to take necessary control measures to reduce the adverse effects of diseases on the economic benefits and ecological functions of forage oats.

Effect of calcium chloride on anthracnose disease and postharvest quality of red-flesh dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus)

The study was conducted to examine the effects of CaCl2 postharvest treatment on development of anthracnose, measured as lesion size and quality of red-flesh dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus). Fully matured fruits were treated with varying concentrations of Ca by soaking the fruits for 30 min in solutions containing 0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 CaCl2gL-1. After drying, the fruits were inoculated with spore suspensions of C. gloeosporioides(106 spores L-1). Calcium chloride applied at varying concentrations did not produce significant effect on anthracnose incidence, but the size of lesion was linearly reduced with increasing Ca concentration. Calcium chloride application as postharvest treatment markedly elevated fruit Ca content especially in the fruit peel, but without influencing the N, P, K and Mg contents. Fruit firmness increased with Ca application while pH, soluble solids concentration and titratable acidity were not affected by the treatment. The effect of anthracnose on firmness, pH, SSC and TA of the fruits were reduced with CaCl2treatments. Key words: Pitaya, postharvest quality, postharvest disease, fruit firmness, mineral nutrients.

Analysis of genetic diversity in flowering dogwood natural stands using microsatellites: the effects of dogwood anthracnose

Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.) populations recently have experienced severe declines caused by dogwood anthracnose. Mortality has ranged from 48 to 98%, raising the concern that genetic diversity has been reduced significantly. Microsatellite data were used to evaluate the level and distribution of genetic variation throughout much of the native range of the tree. Genetic variation in areas affected by anthracnose was as high as or higher than areas without die-offs. We found evidence of four widespread, spatially contiguous genetic clusters. However, there was little relationship between geographic distance and genetic difference. These observations suggest that high dispersal rates and large effective population sizes have so far prevented rapid loss of genetic diversity. The effects of anthracnose on demography and community structure are likely to be far more consequential than short-term genetic effects.

Characterization of Unique and Differentially Expressed Proteins in Anthracnose-Tolerant Florida Hybrid Bunch Grapes

Anthracnose is a major disease in Florida hybrid bunch grapes, caused by a fungus viz. Elsinoe ampelina. Florida hybrid bunch grapes are grown in southeastern USA for their superior wine characteristics. However, the effect of anthracnose on grape productivity and wine quality is a major concern to grape growers. Our research is aimed at determining biochemical basis of anthracnose tolerance in Florida hybrid bunch grape. Leaf samples were collected from the plants infected with E. ampelina at different periods and analyzed for differential protein expression using high throughput two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Among the 32 differentially expressed leaf proteins, two were uniquely expressed in tolerant genotypes in response to E. ampelina infection. These proteins were identified as mitochondrial adenosine triphosphate synthase and glutamine synthetase, which are known to play a major role in carbohydrate metabolism and defense. Several proteins including ribulose 1-5 bisphosphate-carboxylase involved in photosynthesis were found to be suppressed in susceptible genotypes compared to tolerant genotypes following E. ampelina infection. The results indicate that the anthracnose-tolerant genotypes have the ability to up-regulate and induce new proteins upon infection to defend the invasion of the pathogen as well as maintain the normal regulatory processes.

Disease management factors influencing yield and quality of sorghum and groundnut crop residues

Crop residues from groundnut and sorghum constitute important fodder resources for dairy production and fodder trading on the Deccan Plateau in India. This paper addresses the effect of important diseases of groundnut and sorghum on pod and grain yield and crop residue yield and quality. In four genotypes of groundnut, late leaf spot ( Phaeoisasariopsis personata) and rust ( Puccinia arachidis) are the two major foliar diseases that together could reduce pod and haulm yield by 70% and in vitro digestibility of haulms by 22%. Two genotypes (ICGV 9202 and 92093) were highly resistant to these foliar diseases maintaining high pod and haulm yield as well as high in vitro digestibility of haulms (>62.3%) even under highest disease pressure. Important diseases in sorghum investigated were a viral disease caused by maize stripe virus (MStV) and anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum graminicola. MStV reduced grain yield by 30%, stover yield by 42% and digestible stover yield by 45%. Effects of MStV were highly genotype-dependent and grain and stover were affected in different ways in different varieties. The choice of appropriate genotype for a given farming situation will depend on trade-off scenarios for benefits from grain and stover. Similarly, anthracnose could reduce grain yield by 47% and stover yield by 23% but effects on stover quality were variable. As observed for MStV, effects of anthracnose were highly genotype-dependent and genotypes were identified that maintained high grain and stover yield under high disease pressure.

Effects of Anthracnose on Dogwood Mortality and Forest Composition of the Cumberland Plateau (U.S.A.)

Throughout the eastern deciduous forest, flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) continues to decline due to the introduction of the fungus Discula destructiva, the cause of dogwood anthracnose. We compared the responses of dogwood populations to the anthracnose in both the mixed mesophytic forest of the Cumberland Plateau coves and the oak‐hickory forest of the plateau uplands. We surveyed dogwood populations in four randomly located 0.1‐ha plots in each forest site, and we surveyed community composition in eight randomly located 0.05‐ha plots in each study forest. This study is the first to document dogwood mortality due to anthrac‐nose within the geophysiological province of the Cumberland Plateau. Factors affecting the rate of anthrac‐nose spread (evaporative potential, soil moisture, and light levels) differed between the coves and uplands, but trends in the data suggest that dogwood may be eliminated from each of the forests we studied. Moreover, changes in plant community composition since introduction of the fungus show an increase in two bird‐dispersed species—blackgum ( Nyssa sylvatica ) and spicebush ( Lindera benzoin )—concurrent with declining dogwood populations. Decomposition of dogwood litter plays an important role in calcium cycling in these forests, and, on the poorly buffered soils of the Cumberland Plateau, calcium retention could lead to a decline in passerine birds, that depend on calcium for their shells, through loss of invertebrate food sources. As the dogwood anthracnose epidemic continues and the largest size classes of dogwood disappear, additional changes in species composition and community dynamics are likely to occur in these forests.Efectos de Antracnosa en la Mortalidad de Cornus florida y la Composición del Bosque de la Meseta Cumberland (USA)Cornus florida continúa deteriorándose en los bosques deciduos del este de los Estados Unidos a causa de la introducción de un hongo destructivo: Discula destructiva. Este estudio compara las respuestas de las poblaciones de Cornus florida al hongo en los bosques mesófilos mezclados de los cañones de la Meseta y en los bosques de encino hickory en las tierras altas de la meseta. Este estudio representa la primera documentación del deterioro de Cornus florida dentro de la provincia geofisiológica de la Meseta de Cumberland. Además, utilizando una serie de datos del bosque mesófilo mezclado, este estudio ilustra los cambios en la composición del bosque desde la introducción del hongo. Los factores que afectan la tasa de crecimiento del hongo (potencial evaporativo, humedad del suelo y nivel de luz) son distintos entre los cañones y las tierras altas, sin embargo, la tendencia en los datos sugiere que Cornus florida podría ser eliminado de los bosques estudiados. Un análisis de cambios en la composición de la comunidad desde la introducción del hongo demuestra un aumento de dos especies diseminados por aves ( Nyssa sylvatica y Lindera benzoin ), al mismo tiempo que decrecen las poblaciones de Cornus florida. Se anticipan cambios en el reciclaje de nutrientes relacionados a pérdidas de Cornus florida en la Meseta.

Resistance to Anthracnose Protects Forage Quality of Alfalfa

Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum trifolii Bain, decreases forage yield and stand persistence of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) throughout much of the USA. Little is known about the effects of anthracnose or host‐plant resistance on forage quality, including phenolic monomer concentrations. In a controlled environment, we compared forage quality, including phenolic monomers, of alfalfa cultivars Saranac (susceptible) and Saranac AR (resistant) with and without anthracnose (Race 1). In the absence of inoculation, leaves of the two cultivars did not differ significantly for any parameter measured. Leaves had more total phenolics than did stems. Forage quality of inoculated leaves of Saranac often was lower than that of inoculated Saranac AR. Inoculated leaves had higher concentrations of the substituted benzoic acids (p‐hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, and syringic) but concentrations of the substituted cinnamic acids (p‐coumaric, ferulic, and sinapic) were not altered by the disease. Forage quality of uninoculated stems of Saranac and Saranac AR differed only for neutral detergent fiber. Conversely, infection of Saranac slowed phenological development of shoots, with a concomitant increase in stem protein and digestibility. Inoculated stems of Saranac, however, had significantly more p‐hydroxybenzoic, and syringic acids, p‐hydroxybenzaldehyde, vanillin, and total phenolics than did stems of inoculated Saranac AR or controls. The presence of resistance to anthracnose in Saranac AR did not affect forage quality, including monophenolic profiles, of uninoculated leaves and stems. Mechanisms of resistance of Saranac AR maintained forage quality of leaves inoculated with C. trifolii.

Effect of Anthracnose on Growth of Grafted Black Walnut

Effect of Anthracnose on Growth of Grafted Black Walnut

Effect of Anthracnose on Growth of Grafted Black Walnut

Effect of Anthracnose on Growth of Grafted Black Walnut

Effect of Anthracnose on Yield of the Tropical Forage Legume,Stylosanthes hamata

Effect of Anthracnose on Yield of the Tropical Forage Legume,<i>Stylosanthes hamata</i>

Effect of Anthracnose on Yield of the Tropical Forage Legume,Stylosanthes hamata

Effect of Anthracnose on Yield of the Tropical Forage Legume,<i>Stylosanthes hamata</i>