Effect Of Age Research Articles

Do people's health, financial and social resources contribute to subjective well-being differently at the age of fifty than later in life?

Population ageing calls for a thorough understanding of how age impacts subjective wellbeing. Resource theories posit that people need resources, such as health and social relations, to produce subjective wellbeing. Since losing resources is more likely at older age, we examined whether the availability of resources indeed changes with age, and how this affects subjective wellbeing.We analysed data from 75,895 individuals aged 50 and older participating in two or more waves of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe. We analysed, separately for women and men, fixed effect regression models, estimating main and interaction effects of age and indicators of health, financial and social resources on two indicators of subjective wellbeing, i.e., life satisfaction and quality of life.We found that the contribution of health to subjective wellbeing does not diminish in later life, and is not different for women and men. Also, having some close others is important for both women and men to maintain subjective wellbeing at every age. However, having a wider social network contributes more to the subjective wellbeing of women than of men at older age. Furthermore, having limited financial means and being widowed might get a bit easier to endure with advanced age, though there is no threshold of age after which any of these resources becomes irrelevant.Health and social policies are needed to strengthen older people's resources, to help maintain subjective wellbeing up to very old age. Gender differences should be taken into account when developing these policies.

Base rates of failure on various performance validity tests as a function of age in adults referred for neuropsychological assessment.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between age and base rates of failure (BRFail) on various performance validity tests (PVTs) administered in medical-legal settings. Archival data were analyzed from 3,297 adults (Mage = 42.3 years; Meducation = 11.2) referred for psychological or neuropsychological assessments in a medical-legal or forensic civil disability context who passed the Word Memory Test. BRFail on 10 PVTs (three freestanding and seven embedded) were reported at multiple cutoffs across five age groups ranging from 16 years to 69 years. BRFail increased with age on most embedded PVTs, with a couple of notable exceptions. Reliable Digit Span was unrelated to age at ≤6 but produced elevated BRFail among older examinees at ≤7. Within freestanding PVTs, a positive relationship emerged between age and BRFail on most instruments/cutoffs. Older age is associated with an increased risk of false positive errors on many embedded PVTs that rely on raw scores. Although freestanding PVTs tend to be more resistant to the effects of age, several commonly used cutoffs may still produce increased false positive rates in older examinees. Taken together, results suggest that PVT scores should be interpreted in the context of patient characteristics, in an evidence-based manner, rather than by rigidly applying omnibus cutoffs. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Recurrent thrombotic events in pediatric antiphospholipid syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis

BackgroundPediatric antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is one of the most common acquired hypercoagulable states in children, yet it remains poorly characterized. ObjectivesTo perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of the pooled incidence of thrombotic recurrence in this population (primary outcome), exploring the effect of age, APS type (primary vs. secondary to autoimmune diseases), and type of index thrombotic event. Secondary outcomes included the incidence of bleeding events and mortality. Materials and methodsThe MEDLINE, EMBASE, and COCHRANE databases were searched for studies reporting outcomes of cohorts of children aged ≤18 years with thrombotic APS as defined by the revised Sydney classification criteria. ResultsA total of 1011 studies were identified; of those, 9 were included in the final analysis (352 patients). The pooled incidence proportion of thrombosis recurrence was 0.27 [0.18–0.37], with an overall follow-up duration of a median of 2.7 to 5.8 years or a mean of 2.6 to 6.1 years. The estimate did not change meaningfully according to APS type (0.30 [0.18–0.46] for primary APS vs. 0.29 [0.19–0.42] for autoimmune APS), nor when the index thrombotic event was venous vs. arterial (0.30 [0.20–0.41] vs. 0.27 [0.27–0.51], respectively). The incidence of bleeding events was not reported in these studies. The incidence proportion of mortality was estimated at 0.07 [0.04–0.11] over the follow-up period, with 8/10 of the reported deaths directly associated with recurrent thrombotic events. ConclusionsThe incidence of thrombotic recurrence in children with APS is high and requires attention to evaluate anticoagulation management in this population.

Unravelling the complex interplay of age, comorbidities, and multimorbidities in COVID-19 disease progression: Clinical implications and future perspectives

IntroductionThe COVID-19 infection as an inflammatory disease has posed significant challenges to global public health due to multi-factor risks associated with it leading to disease severity and mortality. Understanding the effect of age and comorbidities on overall disease progression is crucial to identify highly susceptible individuals and to develop effective disease management strategies in a resource limited country like Pakistan. MethodologyA retrospective study was conducted on hospitalized COVID-19 patients to assess the prevalence of various comorbidities among different age groups and their effect on disease severity and mortality rate. ResultsIn this retrospective study, a cohort of 618 hospitalized COVID-19 patients was analyzed, consisting of 387 males (62.6 %) and 231 females (37.4 %). Notably, the young age group (15–24 years), had the lowest frequency of hospitalized COVID-19 patients, while no case was observed in children (≤14 years) showing a significant association (p < 0.001) of age and disease prevalence. Comorbidities were observed in 63.9 % of COVID-19 patients including hypertension (HTN), diabetes mellitus (DM), ischemic heart diseases (IHD), asthma, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and tuberculosis (TB). The most common comorbidities were HTN (42.1 %) followed by DM (33.8 %), IHD (16.5 %), asthma (11.2 %), CKD (7.9 %) and TB (1.9 %).Furthermore, the study revealed a significant association between comorbidities, age groups, and the need for non-invasive ventilation (NIV) (p < 0.001), mechanical ventilation (MV) (p < 0.001), and intensive care unit (ICU) admission (p < 0.001). Patients with specific comorbidities and those in the older age group (≥65 years) demonstrated a higher need for these interventions. However, patients without any comorbidity consistently exhibited the highest cumulative proportion of survival at each time point, indicating better overall survival outcomes. In contrast, patients with multimorbidities of DM/HTN/IHD, HTN/IHD, and DM/HTN/CKD had comparatively lower survival rates and higher mortality rates (p < 0.001). ConclusionThis research highlights the significant impact of age, comorbidities and multimorbidities on the severity and mortality of COVID-19 patients. It highlights the importance of considering these factors in tailoring effective management strategies for patients with COVID-19 or other infectious respiratory diseases.

Age-related differences in how the shape of alpha and beta oscillations change during reaction time tasks

While the shape of cortical oscillations is increasingly recognised to be physiologically and functionally informative, its relevance to the aging motor system has not been established. We therefore examined the shape of alpha and beta band oscillations recorded at rest, as well as during performance of simple and go/no-go reaction time tasks, in 33 young (23.3 ± 2.9 years, 27 females) and 27 older (60.0 ± 5.2 years, 23 females) adults. The shape of individual oscillatory cycles was characterised using a recently developed pipeline involving empirical mode decomposition, before being decomposed into waveform motifs using principal component analysis. This revealed four principal components that were uniquely influenced by task and/or age. These described specific dimensions of shape and tended to be modulated during the reaction phase of each task. Our results suggest that although oscillation shape is task-dependent, the nature of this effect is altered by advancing age, possibly reflecting alterations in cortical activity. These outcomes demonstrate the utility of this approach for understanding the neurophysiological effects of ageing.

E-cigarette use and respiratory illnesses among U.S. adults: An analysis of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study

IntroductionElectronic cigarettes (e-cigarette) entered the United States marketplace in 2007. Because of the chemical composition of e-cigarette liquid, there are concerns related to its effects on respiratory illnesses. MethodsUsing Wave 4 (2016–2018) of the adult (≥18 years of age) Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health study, logistic regression was used to quantify the association between e-cigarette use and any respiratory illness (asthma, chronic bronchitis, COPD, emphysema, or other lung or respiratory conditions). Age, gender, and the use of other tobacco products were assessed as modifiers of this relationship via interactions on the additive and multiplicative scales. ResultsAfter adjustment, ever e-cigarette use was associated with a 1.32 (95 % confidence intervals [CI]:1.03, 1.69) greater odds of any respiratory illness compared with never e-cigarette users among U.S. adults. When comparing ever and never e-cigarette users, older adults (Odds Ratio [OR] = 1.65, 95 %CI:1.20, 2.26), and ever users of other tobacco products (OR = 1.77, 95 %CI:1.37, 2.29) had greater odds of reporting any respiratory illness than younger adults and those who never used other tobacco products. Among never e-cigarette users, men (OR = 1.51, 95 %CI:1.12, 2.04) were less likely to report any respiratory illness than women. Only the joint effect of age and e-cigarette use on any respiratory illness was statistically significant, suggesting this effect was greater than expected on the additive and multiplicative scales. ConclusionThese findings suggest that the relationship between e-cigarette use and any respiratory illness varies with age. Interventions and policies to reduce e-cigarette use should target high-risk groups for any respiratory illness.

Ageing of Australian lamb beyond 14 days does not further improve eating quality

Limited studies are available assessing the impact of extended ageing on lamb eating quality of a wide range of cuts. From lamb (n = 153) and young mutton (n = 40) carcasses, seven cuts (eye of rack, eye of shoulder, knuckle, loin, outside, rump and topside) were collected and aged based on three ageing times (5, 14 or 21 days). Additionally, residual glycogen was determined from the loin at the corresponding ageing time. Untrained consumers assessed samples for tenderness, juiciness, flavour liking and overall liking. Increasing ageing time from 5 to 14 or 21 days significantly improved cut eating quality; however, ageing beyond 14 days showed no additional benefit. The ageing effect reduced when corrected for pH and temperature measurements, confirming ageing can improve eating quality when pH and temperature variation exists. Loin residual glycogen had no impact on eating quality at each ageing time. Our results confirm the importance of establishing optimum ageing times for cuts to ensure the highest consumer acceptability.

Chronological age, relative age, pubertal development, and their impact on countermovement jump performance in adolescent football players: An integrative analysis

This paper examined the relationship among countermovement jump (CMJ), football category, chronological age, relative age, and pubertal development status to investigate which parameter could be better associated with jumping performance. We tested 259 young male football players (14.9 ± 1.8 yrs; 169.7 ± 9.8 cm; 60.6 ± 11.3 kg; 20.9 ± 2.6 kg m−2) belonging to elite football academies. One-sample chi-square tests were used to test the uniformity of distributions of the proportions of players in each year quarter (relative age effect, RAE) for the whole sample and stratified for each football age category (U14, U15, U17, and U19). One-way ANOVAs were used to test the associations among a) categories, RAE, and CMJ, and b) the pubertal status category and CMJ. Pearson's correlation assessed the relationship among variables. The birth distribution among the year's quarters significantly differed from the expected proportion of 25 % of participants each quarter (χ2 = 41.74; p < 0.001), highlighting the presence of a relative age effect. Results indicate that age significantly influences CMJ (F(6,231) = 8.85, p < 0.001, η2p = 0.187), and a significant interaction effect (age × birth quarter) was found. Coaches, strength and conditioning trainers, and scouts should be aware of physical and biological players' maturation.

Exploring the anti-ovarian aging mechanism of He's Yangchao formula: Insights from multi-omics analysis in naturally aged mice

BackgroundThe rapid acceleration of female reproductive aging has become a major public health concern. He's Yangchao formula (HSYC), a compound comprising eight herbs, has demonstrated efficacy in enhancing ovarian function. Thus, an in-depth study of its anti-ovarian aging mechanism is required. PurposeTo evaluate the anti-ovarian aging effect of HSYC in naturally aged mice and investigate the underlying mechanism by analyzing the gut microbiota (GM), metabolome, and transcriptome. MethodsYoung and advanced maternal age (AMA) mice were selected for this study. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, fluorescence staining, western blotting, and qPCR analyses were used to detect the phenotypes associated with ovarian aging. Subsequently, analyses of the GM, transcriptome, and metabolome analyses were performed to explore the potential mechanisms of action of HSYC. Finally, in vivo and in vitro experiments were performed to verify potential therapeutic mechanisms. ResultsHSYC promoted follicular development in AMA mice and ameliorated age-related mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and defects in DNA damage repair. GM analysis revealed that HSYC treatment significantly increased the abundance of Akkermansia and Turicibacter. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that HSYC might mitigate ovarian aging by regulating metabolic pathways, amino acid metabolism, glutathione metabolism, and the synthesis of pantothenic acid and coenzyme A. Combined transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses identified the glutathione metabolic pathway as the key pathway through which HSYC counteracts ovarian aging. Additional experimental verification confirmed that HSYC upregulated the glutathione metabolic genes GPX8, GSTA1, and GSTA4, increased glutathione-related products (GSH), and reduced ROS levels. ConclusionsHSYC exerts beneficial therapeutic effects on ovarian aging by regulating multiple endogenous metabolites, targets, and metabolic pathways, with an emphasis on its anti-ovarian aging effects through the glutathione metabolic pathway. These findings underscore the innovative potential of HSYC in addressing ovarian aging and offer a novel therapeutic approach that targets multiple biological pathways to improve the reproductive health of women with AMA..

SMAD4 mutations causing Myhre syndrome are under positive selection in the male germline

While it is widely thought that de novo mutations (DNMs) occur randomly, we previously showed that some DNMs are enriched because they are positively selected in the testes of aging men. These "selfish" mutations cause disorders with a shared presentation of features, including exclusive paternal origin, significant increase of the father's age, and high apparent germline mutation rate. To date, all known selfish mutations cluster within the components of the RTK-RAS-MAPK signaling pathway, a critical modulator of testicular homeostasis. Here, we demonstrate the selfish nature of the SMAD4 DNMs causing Myhre syndrome (MYHRS). By analyzing 16 informative trios, we show that MYHRS-causing DNMs originated on the paternally derived allele in all cases. We document a statistically significant epidemiological paternal age effect of 6.3 years excess for fathers of MYHRS probands. We developed an ultra-sensitive assay to quantify spontaneous MYHRS-causing SMAD4 variants in sperm and show that pathogenic variants at codon 500 are found at elevated level in sperm of most men and exhibit a strong positive correlation with donor's age, indicative of a high apparent germline mutation rate. Finally, we performed invitro assays to validate the peculiar functional behavior of the clonally selected DNMs and explored the basis of the pathophysiology of the different SMAD4 sperm-enriched variants. Taken together, these data provide compelling evidence that SMAD4, a gene operating outside the canonical RAS-MAPK signaling pathway, is associated with selfish spermatogonial selection and raises the possibility that other genes/pathways are under positive selection in the aging human testis.

Risk of lymph node metastasis in T1 tonsil squamous cell carcinomas patients according to age stratification at diagnosis

BackgroundThe objective of this study is to assess the association between age and lymph nodes metastasis (LNM) in T1 tonsil squamous cell carcinomas (TSCC) patients. MethodsPatients with T1 TSCC were extracted from the SEER database between 2005 and 2014. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were produced to recognize the association between age and risk factors of LNM. ResultsA total of 2430 patients were analyzed. Younger patients more frequently presented with LNM compared to their older peers (P < 0.01, respectively.). In multivariate analyses, older age was associated with a significantly lower risk of LNM. Compared to patients aged 29–39-years-old, the hazard ratios for patients aged 40–49, 50–59, 60–69, and 70–88 years old were 0.911 (95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.370–2.245), 0.641 (95 % CI 0.268–1.535), 0.511 (95 % CI 0.212–1.231), and 0.236 (95 % CI 0.095–0.584), respectively. Subgroups analysis shows that the effect of older age was significantly associated with a lower risk of LNM in all groups except for Asian patients (P < 0.05, respectively). ConclusionOur study demonstrates that younger patients with T1 TSCC had a higher risk of LNM than their old peers and the effect of older age was significantly associated with a lower risk of LNM in all groups except for Asian patients. More accurate assessments of LNM and prophylactic neck dissection or prophylactic adjuvant radiation therapy to neck will be imperative for reducing recurrence in younger T1 TSCC.

Optimizing avian translocation success: A systematic review of the effect of release age on survival, dispersal, and productivity

AbstractThe success of avian translocations depends on many factors. Release age is often cited as an influential factor that warrants further study, yet no general guidelines exist to improve the outcome of translocations. We conducted a systematic review of literature on captive‐reared or wild‐caught birds that incorporated &gt;1 age class in their analyses of post‐release survival, dispersal, or reproduction. Fifty‐two studies met our search criteria, and 39 were retained for an evaluation of post‐release survival. For studies reporting at least one trend, more reported higher post‐release survival when birds were translocated at younger ages (68%) than at older ages (32%). This pattern was most pronounced for wild‐caught birds and for captive‐reared birds released within their first year of life. Captive‐reared birds of prey were an exception, with birds released at older ages often having higher survival than birds released at younger ages. We review the authors' hypotheses for why birds released at younger ages are more likely to settle, survive, and breed. More research is needed on the potential effects of release age on dispersal and reproduction. We recommend that future studies incorporate age of release as a covariate and control for the effect of season of release in experiments.

Understanding time to peak effect of propofol as sole agent on bispectral index in children aged 2-12 years.

The pharmacodynamics of propofol in children have previously been described with the proprietary bispectral index (BIS) as an effect-site marker, and it has been suggested that the rate of onset of propofol might be age dependent, that is, a shorter time to peak effect in younger children. However, these analyses were potentially confounded by co-administered drugs, in particular opioids and benzodiazepines. Thus, the goal of this prospective study was to characterize the influence of age and weight on the onset of hypnotic effects from propofol, reflected by the time to peak of propofol effect-site concentration in the absence of additional drugs. A total of 46 healthy children aged 2-12 years presenting for elective surgery were included in our observational cohort study. Solely propofol was administered via a target-controlled infusion pump programmed with the Paedfusor pharmacokinetic model. The BIS and infusion pump data were recorded. The effect of an induction "bolus" was recorded having stopped the pump once a propofol plasma target concentration of 7 μg.mL-1 was achieved. A direct-response and an indirect-response model in the context of nonlinear mixed-effects modeling was used to characterize and compare BIS data in children aged 2-6 years and older children aged 8-12 years. Time to peak of propofol effect-site concentration had a difference (p-value <.01) for age and weight, that is 84 [74, 96] (median [IQR] secs for children aged 2-6 years vs. 99 [91, 113] secs for children aged 8-12 years and 82 [71, 95] secs for weight 11-25 kg vs. 99 [91, 114] secs for weight 30-63 kg). The plasma effect-site equilibration rate constant for propofol had a heterogeneous distribution with a median of 2.36 (IQR: 2.05-2.93; range: 0.83-7.31) per minute but showed a weight-dependent effect in patients with weight below 45 kg. In children, the age and weight have an influence on time to peak effect of propofol. In the absence of opioids and benzodiazepines, time to peak effect was approximately 20% longer in children aged 8-12 years as compared to younger children. Such clinically relevant age and weight effects are an important consideration in the individualized titration of propofol dosing.

The role of interleukin-10 in mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress in aged mice through exercise.

While unfolded protein response (UPR) is essential for cellular protection, its prolonged activation may induce apoptosis, compromising cellular longevity. The aging process increases the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in skeletal muscle. However, whether combined exercise can prevent age-induced ER stress in skeletal muscle remains unknown. Evidence suggests that ER stress may increase inflammation by counteracting the positive effects of interleukin-10 (IL-10), while its administration in cells inhibits ER stress and apoptosis. This study verified the effects of aging and combined exercise on physical performance, ER stress markers, and inflammation in the quadriceps of mice. Moreover, we verified the effects of IL-10 on ER stress markers. C57BL/6 mice were distributed into young (Y, 6-month-old), old sedentary (OS, sedentary, 24-month-old), and old trained group (OT, submitted to short-term combined exercise, 24-month-old). To clarify the role of IL-10 in UPR pathways, knockout mice lacking IL-10 were used. The OS mice presented worse physical performance and higher ER stress-related proteins, such as CHOP and p-eIF2α/eIF2α. The exercise protocol increased muscle strength and IL-10 protein levels in OT while inducing the downregulation of CHOP protein levels compared to OS. Furthermore, mice lacking IL-10 increased BiP, CHOP, and p-eIF2α/eIF2α protein levels, indicating this cytokine can regulate the ER stress response in skeletal muscle. Bioinformatics analysis showed that endurance and resistance training downregulated DDIT3 and XBP1 gene expression in the vastus lateralis of older people, reinforcing our findings. Thus, combined exercise is a potential therapeutic intervention for promoting adjustments in ER stress markers in aged skeletal muscle.

Brand loyalty for mobile devices from the perspective of Vietnamese culture: antecedents and moderating effects of age

This study examines the correlations between brand personality, identity, perceived quality, and loyalty, as well as the moderating effect of age. The paper uses structural equation modeling and survey methodologies to present the findings. The data were collected from 228 Vietnamese respondents for the primary analysis. The research results show that brand personality, identification, and perceived quality positively affect brand loyalty. Age also negatively moderates the relationship between brand personality and brand loyalty, and positively moderates the relationship between perceived quality and brand loyalty; however, it does not moderate brand identification-loyalty connections. Additionally, brand loyalty is influenced by brand personality, identification, and perceived quality. Age moderates these relationships. The findings on the moderating effects of age are pioneering academically, especially in Vietnam. This study offers practical recommendations to address branding and marketing issues in business management. Based on moderating effects, managers and businesspeople can create marketing and branding campaigns that target the right age groups for each antecedent.

Abnormal resting-state functional connectivity in subregions of amygdala in adults and adolescents with major depressive disorder

BackgroundThe different symptoms of major depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents compared to adults suggested there may be differences in the pathophysiology between adolescents and adults with MDD. However, despite the amygdala being considered critical in the pathophysiology, there was limited knowledge about the commonalities and differences in the resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) of amygdala subregions in MDD patients of different age groups.MethodsIn the current study, 65 adolescents (46 with MDD and 19 controls) and 91 adults (35 with MDD and 56 controls) were included. A seed-based functional connectivity analysis was performed for each of the amygdala subregions. A 2 × 2 ANOVA was used to analyze the main effect of age, diagnosis, and their interaction on the rsFC of each subregion.ResultsA significant main effect of age was revealed in the rsFC of bilateral centromedial (CM) subregions and right laterobasal (LB) subregion with several brain regions in the limbic system and frontoparietal network. The significant main effect of diagnosis showed MDD patients of different ages showed higher connectivity than controls between the right LB and left middle frontal gyrus (MFG).ConclusionsThe rsFC of specific amygdala subregions with brain regions in the limbic system and frontoparietal network is affected by age, indicating a distinct amygdala connectivity profile in adolescents. The decreased rsFC between the right LB and the left MFG in adolescents and adults with MDD could serve as a diagnostic biomarker and a target of nonpharmacological treatment for MDD.

Vascular Aging Entails Arterial Dilatation in Addition to Increased Arterial Stiffness

Introduction: The increase in arterial blood pressure occurring with aging is considered an important risk factor for end-organ damage in, among others, the brain. How exactly this risk emerges is largely unknown. Methods: We investigated the effect of aging on middle cerebral flow velocity (MCAFV) and noninvasive arterial blood pressure (NIBP) in 105 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 82 years. Both pulsatile signals were analyzed determining the first (Sys1) and second systolic peak (Sys2) and the diastolic flow velocity 560 ms after stroke onset (D560). Results: For NIBP, a linear increase was found with aging for Sys2 and D560 (0.72 and 0.14 mm Hg/year, respectively) but not for Sys1. For MCAFV, a linear decrease was found with aging for all variables, being more rapid for Sys1 than for Sys2 or D560 (−0.94, −0.41, and −0.54 cm/s/year, respectively). Both signals change from Sys1 dominant in young adults to increasingly Sys2 dominant in the elderly. Discussion: That MCAFV decreases with aging, whereas NIBP increases can best be explained by assuming arterial dilatation. Apart from the generally accepted increase in arterial stiffness, arterial dilatation may be an important additional factor in vascular aging: the loss of elastin allows arteries to dilate until restricted by arterial collagen. Conclusion: Normal values collected in this study support protocols for non-invasive monitoring that require a correction for age.

Methodological constrains of tree-ring stable isotope chronologies

Tree-ring stable isotope (TRSI) chronologies that combine information from living and relict wood have the potential to capture long-term trends that might be missing in traditional tree-ring width and maximum latewood density measurements. Our understanding of the possible effects of different methods to develop TRSI chronologies is, however, still incomplete. Here, we compare and evaluate five such methods applied to three multi-millennial-long oxygen isotope (δ18O) TRSI datasets from central Europe, the European Alps and Japan: (a) raw data, (b) cohort correction, (c) interactive mean correction, (d) outlier correction, and (e) series normalization. We show that the spectral properties preserved in the final TRSI chronologies not only depend on the data used, but also on the techniques applied. Method (a) is particularly prone to outliers if the sample size is low. Method (b) may create artificial steps and trends when single measurement series share similar start dates and/or when end and start dates are systematically skewed. Methods (c) and (d) yield similar results for annually resolved data, yet (d) is more suitable for temporally pooled datasets and less sensitive to potential biological age effects. Method (e) removes any low-frequency signal. Our findings demonstrate the risks and rewards of different TRSI chronology development techniques that must be carefully adapted to both, the data used and the question posed.

Experimental investigation of aging effects on thermal behavior of lithium-ion batteries during charging process

Thermal runaway generated by lithium-ion batteries is considered as one of the major hazards that exhibits great thermal risk during operation. The aging behavior, as an inevitable phenomenon after long-term cycling, largely contributes to the deterioration of thermal characteristics. In this paper, comparative experiments were conducted to investigate the aging cell thermal performance during the charging process. The results indicate that the aging cell with a high charging rate presents a higher thermal risk. With the decrease of SOH, the anode structure was destroyed and side reactions reduced the thermal stability. The thermal runaway onset temperature decreased from 274.8 ± 9.1 °C for fresh to 238 ± 1.2 °C for aging cells, and the corresponding critical time shortened by approximately 1 min. In addition, the maximum heat release rate increased by 37.5 %–45.5 % for aging cells under high charging conditions, manifesting that aging cells are more prone to trigger fire accidents. Finally, a modified risk assessment method was established. This study contributes to comprehending the coupling effects of aging behavior and charging rate thermal runaway mechanisms, and provides valuable guidance for thermal runaway detection during the whole life.

Modeling and Laboratory Investigation of Tack Coats as Bituminous Pavement Interlayer

The adhesive properties of tack coats between asphalt pavement layers are crucial for the pavement’s structural behavior. This study first involved numerical analyses to compare stress patterns, deformations, and displacements in the pavement structure under various geometric and mechanical conditions. A rational calculation method based on the theory of elastic multilayer systems was used to quantify the impact of layer properties such as thickness, stiffness modulus, and Poisson’s ratio on interlayer bonding. Three bonding conditions—Full Friction, Partial Bonding, and Full Debonding—were analyzed to understand the tack coat’s effect between the top two layers. The second phase involved characterizing the mechanical behavior of the interface through shear strength tests (Leutner shear test) on both laboratory-prepared specimens and samples from a 10-year-old highway. Specimens were prepared using a Roller Compactor and tested under different interface conditions: hot-on-hot (H/H), residual bitumen 200 g/m2 (RB 200), and residual bitumen 400 g/m2 (RB 400). The tests examined the bonding effects in terms of tangential force and shear displacement at failure, as well as the impact of vehicular traffic on rutting and fatigue failure. Finally, this study investigated the long-term aging effects of the binder on interlayer bonding and sought to correlate the results of numerical calculations with those of the laboratory tests.