Effect Of Aeration Research Articles

Supersaturated-oxygen aeration effects on a high-loaded membrane bioreactor (HL-MBR): Biological performance and microbial population dynamics

Conventional diffused aeration systems (such as fine-bubble diffusers) exhibit a poor oxygen transfer in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), particularly when operating at sludge concentrations higher than 15 g L−1. The supersaturated dissolved oxygen (SDOX) system has been proposed as an alternative for supplying dissolved oxygen (DO) at high mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) concentrations. The advantages introduced by such technology include the possibility of operating WWTPs at much higher than usual MLSS concentrations, increasing the treatment capacity of WWTPs. Recent studies have demonstrated that the SDOX system has higher oxygen transfer rates (OTRs) and oxygen transfer efficiencies (OTEs) relative to fine-bubble diffusers. However, it is unknown if the high-pressure conditions introduced by SDOX may possibly impact the biological performance of WWTPs. In this study, the effects of SDOX technology on the biological performance of a membrane bioreactor (MBR) were evaluated. The MBR was operated at an MLSS concentration of approximately 15 g L−1 in four phases as follows: (P1) with bubble diffusers, (P2) with an SDOX unit, (P3) with the bubble diffusers, and (P4) with the SDOX unit. The performance of the MBR was assessed by monitoring the sludge concentration, as well as changes in the particle size distribution (PSD), sludge activity, organic matter removal and nitrification performance, and changes in the microbial community within the MBR. The operational conditions exerted by the SDOX technology did not affect the concentration of active biomass during the study period. The biological performance of the MBR was not affected by the introduction of the SDOX technology. Finally, the microbial community was relatively stable although some variations at the family and genus level were evident during each of the study phases. Therefore, the SDOX system can be proposed as an alternative technology for DO supply in WWTPs increasing the overall treatment capacity.

Artificial aeration promotes better zootechnical performance and physiological balance of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) cultivated in a system without continuous water flow (Amazon: Brazil)

The aimed of the study was to evaluate the effect of continuous artificial aeration on zootechnical performance, hematological characteristics and glucose concentration of tambaqui (Colossoma macropomum) cultivated in a system without water flow. The study was conducted with two treatments, with aeration and without artificial aeration. Were 600 tambaqui juveniles with an average initial weight of 15 ± 0.15g were distributed in two excavated tanks. Thirty fish were captured per cultivation unit to perform monthly biometric measurements and were subjected to blood collection to determine hematological parameters. There was no difference between hematological variables (p<0.05). However, the continuous use of artificial aeration provided fish with more comfortable conditions, resulting in greater performance (p<0.05) in up to 90 days of cultivation, with an average daily weight gain of 4.82 g compared to 4.49g to the system without artificial aeration. It can be inferred that fish grown in a system without artificial aeration presented, when compared to those raised in a system with continuous artificial aeration, smaller values (p<0.05) of growth, both in weight and in length, consequently the continuous use of the aerator provided favorable conditions for the fish, resulting in average daily weight gain and total biomass gain.

The Effect of Aeration on Mn(II) Sorbed to Clay Minerals and Its Impact on Cd Retention.

Manganese is a redox-sensitive element in soils and sediments that plays an important role in the retention of trace elements. Under anoxic conditions, clay minerals were shown to increase Cd retention by favoring the precipitation of Mn(II) phases. In this study, we investigated the influence of aeration on anoxically formed Mn solid phases and its impact on Cd retention in the presence of two clay minerals with low Fe contents, a natural kaolinite (KGa-1b) and a synthetic montmorillonite (Syn-1). Ca-saturated KGa-1b and Syn-1 were pre-equilibrated with Mn2+ and Cd2+ under anoxic conditions for 1 or 30 days and subsequently exposed to air for 1 or 30 days. The analysis with synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) revealed that extended anoxic pre-equilibration (30 days) partially prevented the oxidation of sorbed Mn(II) (MnSiO3 and Mn(II)Al-LDH). Extended exposure to ambient air and short anoxic pre-equilibration favored the formation of feitknechtite (β-MnOOH) and birnessite (δ-MnO2). Aeration resulted in a decrease of pH and a net release of Cd2+ into the solution, indicating that Cd re-sorption by Mn(III/IV)-phases was insufficient to compensate for the release of Cd2+ due to dissolution of Mn(II)-containing phases and the decrease in pH. Our results demonstrate the significance of clay minerals in the (trans)formation of Mn-containing phases and their impact on trace metal retention in environments undergoing fluctuating redox conditions.

Effects of leachate recirculation quantity and aeration on leachate quality and municipal solid waste stabilization in semi-aerobic landfills

Although sanitary landfilling currently effectively treats municipal solid waste (MSW) semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills (SABLs) are designed to accelerate biological processes and shorten the landfill stabilization phase. In this study, the effects of SABLs with the joint treatment of leachate recirculation and preaeration on landfill stabilization were determined by four landfill reactors, one anaerobically as a control, and three semi-aerobically with different leachate recirculation treatments (reactor I, II and III: 300 mL leachate, 600 mL leachate, and 600 mL aerated leachate per week, respectively). Results showed that reactor III had the highest removal rates of chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia-nitrogen (NH 4 + -N), reaching 97% and 88%, respectively. Degradation of the organic substances could be described using an exponential attenuation model; the rates of COD, NH 4 + -N and biochemical oxygen demand (BOD 5 ) in the SABLs increased from 0.019, 0.018, and 0.035 to 0.029, 0.025, and 0.053 day −1 , respectively, when leachate recirculation quantity was increased and preaeration was applied. Finally, classification index evaluation revealed that reactor III had the lowest I value of 312, indicating that the combination of increasing leachate recirculation quantity and preaeration could positively affect the MSW stabilization phase. This finding provides experimental evidence for improving landfill management for accelerating MSW stabilization in SABLs. • Different leachate quantity and preaeration were applied in semiaerobic landfills. • Higher pollutant removal rates were in semi-aerobic than in anaerobic reactor. • Greater recirculation quantities and preaeration accelerated waste stabilization. • The classification index method was used to evaluate landfill stabilization.

Local scour due to water jet from a nozzle with plates

In this study, local scour occurring downstream from a nozzle with and without plates formed in cohesionless materials was investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed to determine scour geometry, maximum scour depth, and the effect of aeration on scour for water jets impinged obliquely into the downstream pool. Dimensionless variables affecting the scour were determined as densimetric Froude number, dimensionless impingement length, and the ratio of densimetric Froude number to dimensionless impingement length. Experiments were conducted for three nozzle diameters with plates, three nozzle diameters without plates, two different impingement lengths, and three different exit velocities. The results of the experiments showed that the use of the plates in the nozzle, jet impact velocity, jet shape, jet expansion, jet impingement length, and air entrainment rate were critical parameters for scour geometry. As a result, it was found that the jets from a nozzle with plates entrained more air bubbles into the impingement pool than jets from nozzles without plates, thereby decreasing maximum scour depth by spreading the scour over a larger area. This was evident by increasing the impingement length. In addition, scour equations were obtained to determine maximum scour depth, ridge height, and scour hole length from experimental data.

Effects of KNO3 concentration and aeration during seed priming on seed quality of wax gourd (Benincasa hispida [Thunb.] Cogn.)

Effects of KNO3 concentration and aeration during seed priming on seed quality of wax gourd (Benincasa hispida [Thunb.] Cogn.)

The effects of soil aeration prior to dairy manure application on edge-of-field hydrology and nutrient fluxes in cold climate hayland agroecosystems

Soil aeration is increasingly being used on haylands in the northeastern United States as a water quality best management practice to decrease runoff volumes and flow rates, and the associated export of the nutrients nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). However, there is a lack of data on the effects of soil aeration on field-scale hydrologic and nutrient fluxes in cold-climate regions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of soil aeration prior to dairy manure application on edge-of-field hydrology, water quality, and P fluxes in haylands in Vermont, United States, during both precipitation and snowmelt-induced runoff events. Edge-of-field water quality monitoring techniques were used to continuously measure the losses of surface runoff and the associated export of sediment and nutrients year-round from 2012 to 2018. Additionally, passive-capillary lysimeter systems were used to measure the subsurface losses of P. Aeration reduced total suspended solids, total P, total N, and total dissolved N mean runoff-event concentrations by 22%, 32%, 25%, and 34%, respectively. Event mean surface runoff volume increased by 16% due to aeration, resulting in no significant reductions in nutrient load exports during nonwinter runoff events. However, total P and total dissolved P loads were significantly reduced during large winter thaw events, often occurring months after aeration took place. Potential increases in surface and subsurface hydrologic flows that accompany nutrient export reductions should be considered before implementation of soil aeration on haylands with high runoff producing soils in cold climate regions.

Influence of multiple air bubbles on the collapse strength of a cavitation bubble

Studying the effect of multiple air bubbles on the collapse strength of a cavitation bubble can aid in understanding the mechanism of air entrainment alleviating the cavitation erosion and enhance the aeration effects in hydraulic engineering. A cavitation bubble is generated by the spark-generated system. Air bubbles are arranged in three manners: two air bubbles on the same side, one air bubble on either side, and four air bubbles around. The intensity of the cavitation bubble collapse noise is estimated using a hydrophone. The results show that, in the range in which the air bubbles can interact with the cavitation bubble, the relative distance, size, and number of the air bubbles and cavitation bubble can considerably influence the migration direction, the oscillation time and the collapse sound pressure of the cavitation bubble. For the first time, it is observed that air bubbles split a cavitation bubble into two subcavitation bubbles. In aeration methods, under the same aeration concentration, the air bubbles should be small, numerous, and evenly distributed.

REMOVAL OF NITROGEN AND ORGANIC MATTER IN AN INTERMITTENTLY AERATED HORIZONTAL SUBSURFACE FLOW CONSTRUCTED WETLAND

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of intermittent aeration on the removal of ammonium (NH4+), total nitrogen (TN) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) in a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HFCW). Two HFCWs were studied, one non-aerated and another aerated intermittently, and both cultivated with Typha latifolia. Each system received 8.6 L day-1 of synthetic wastewater, resulting in 3 days of hydraulic retention time. The two systems displayed high efficiencies in the removal of COD (>90%); however, the intermittently aerated HFCW showed a higher rate of COD removal. Additionally, the removal of TN (48.8%) and NH4+ (57.7%) in the non-aerated system was limited, while in the aerated system, the efficiencies of TN (81.2%) and NH4+ (98.6%) removal were satisfactory. Thus, the results indicate that via intermittent aeration, nitrification and denitrification occur simultaneously, improving the performance of HFCW in the removal of TN and NH4+.

Achieving Partial Nitrification via Intermittent Aeration in SBR and Short-Term Effects of Different C/N Ratios on Reactor Performance and Microbial Community Structure

A sequencing batch reactor (SBR) with an intermittent aeration mode was established to achieve partial nitrification (PN) and the short-term effects of C/N ratios were investigated. Stable nitrite accumulation was achieved after 107 cycles, about 56d, with the average ammonia nitrogen removal efficiency (ARE) and nitrite accumulation rate (NAR) of 96.92% and 82.49%, respectively. When the C/N ratios decreased from 4.64 to 3.87 and 2.32, ARE and NAR still kept a stable and high level. However, when the C/N ratio further decreased to 0.77, nitrite accumulation became fluctuation, and ARE, total nitrogen (TN), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal performance declined obviously. Except for four common phyla (Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, and Actinobacteria) in the wastewater treatment system, Patescibacteria, the newly defined superphylum, was found and became the most dominant phylum in the PN sludge for their ultra-small cell size. The only ammonia oxidation bacteria (AOB), Nitrosomonas, and nitrite oxidation bacteria (NOB), Nitrospira, were detected. The relative abundance of NOB was low at different C/N ratios, showing the stable and effective inhibition effects of intermittent aeration on NOB growth.

Accumulation and characteristics of fluorescent dissolved organic matter in loess soil-based subsurface wastewater infiltration system with aeration and biochar addition.

Subsurface wastewater infiltration systems (SWISs) have been widely used to treat rural domestic sewage. However, the low nitrogen removal and severe clogging problem always restrict the sustainability of SWISs for wastewater treatment. This study investigated the effects of aeration and biochar on the accumulation of nutrients and dissolved organic matter (DOM) in the substrate of loess soil-based SWISs for understanding the accumulation characteristics of DOM and the enhanced decontamination mechanism. The results showed that biochar addition could not improve the accumulation of nitrogen and phosphorus in the substrate, but could enhance denitrification (22%) via providing sufficient carbon for microorganisms. Moreover, the accumulation of organic matter in the substrate was also greatly affected. The DOM concentration of System D in the 40-60cm layer reached 85.76mgL-1, which indicated that biochar could release abundant DOM. Substrate DOM mainly contained humic acid-like and tryptophan-like substances. Moreover, the refractory macromolecular DOM components with high aromaticity and humification were found in the substrate below 60cm of systems with biochar addition. This may be related to the DOM released by biochar and the extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) produced by microorganisms. It may affect the sustainability of the substrate to a certain extent, but fortunately that intermittent aeration could reduce this adverse effect. This research could provide new insights for preventing clogging and useful guidance for improving wastewater treatment performance in SWISs.

Effects of Aeration on the Formation of Arbuscular Mycorrhiza under a Flooded State and Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Removal in Vertical Flow Constructed Wetlands.

In this study, six vertical flow constructed wetlands (VFCWs) planted with Phragmites australis were operated at different aeration times (4h day-1 and 8h day-1), aeration modes (continuous and intermittent), and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation treatments (inoculation with Rhizophagus intraradices and no inoculation) to explore the effects of different aeration strategies on the formation of arbuscular mycorrhiza under a flooded state in VFCWs. In addition, these VFCWs were further used to treat copper oxide nanoparticle (CuO-NP) wastewater to evaluate the correlations among aeration, colonization, growth, and CuO-NP removal. The highest AMF 28S copy number (1.99×105) and colonization in reed roots, with values of 67%, 21%, and 1% for frequency (F%), intensity (M%), and arbuscule abundance (A%), were observed in the treatment with intermittent aeration for 4h day-1. Aeration significantly increased the dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration and AMF colonization in VFCWs, thereby promoting plant growth and the purification of the CuO-NPs. However, excessive and continuous aeration had little positive effect on AMF colonization. This study provides a theoretical basis for the application of AMF for improving pollutant removal performance in constructed wetlands.

Measurement of molten chocolate friction under simulated tongue-palate kinematics: Effect of cocoa solids content and aeration

The perception of some food attributes is related to mechanical stimulation and friction experienced in the tongue-palate contact during mastication. This paper reports a new bench test to measure friction in the simulated tongue-palate contact. The test consists of a flat PDMS disk, representing the tongue loaded and reciprocating against a stationary lower glass surface representing the palate. The test was applied to molten chocolate samples with and without artificial saliva. Friction was measured over the first few rubbing cycles, simulating mechanical degradation of chocolate in the tongue-palate region. The effects of chocolate composition (cocoa solids content ranging between 28 ​wt% and 85 ​wt%) and structure (micro-aeration/non-aeration 0–15 ​vol%) were studied. The bench test clearly differentiates between the various chocolate samples. The coefficient of friction increases with cocoa solids percentage and decreases with increasing micro-aeration level. The presence of artificial saliva in the contact reduced the friction for all chocolate samples, however the relative ranking remained the same.

Effects of pure oxygen aeration on organic pollutants removal performance and soluble microbial products characteristics of salt-tolerant activated sludge

ABSTRACT The effects of pure oxygen aeration on organic pollutants removal performance and effluent soluble microbial products (SMP) characteristics of salt-tolerant sludge for the treatment of wastewater with the salinity from 1.0% to 3.5% were investigated. The results showed that the oxygen transfer efficiency of the pure oxygen aeration was higher than that of the air aeration. At the low salinities (0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%), the total organic carbon (TOC) removal rates were 71.42%, 72.88% and 76.30%, respectively, much higher than those with air aeration. However, there were no significant differences of TOC removal efficiency between the air aeration and the pure oxygen aeration at high salinities (2.5% and 3.5%). The SMP contents showed a trend of first decline and then increase generally. The content of SMP with pure oxygen aeration was lower than that with air aeration at low salinity, whereas an opposite result was obtained for salinity above 2.5%. Five excitation–emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence peaks detected in the SMP with pure oxygen aeration and air aeration were assigned to tryptophan protein-like, tyrosine protein-like and humic acid-like substances. Humic acid-like fluorescence mainly appeared in the SMP with air aeration, which may be due to respiratory failure under air aeration conditions.

Influence of irrigated mineralized waters on properties of ordinary chernozem in the conditions of Prysamaria Dniprovske

Irrigation of lands in arid climates helps to solve the problem of water deficit of soils in order to increase their fertility. However, under the influence of mineralized waters used for irrigation, there is a degradation of chemical, physico-chemical, water-physical and physical properties of soils. Soil monitoring is one of the effective mechanisms that allowsassessing the current state of soils and predicting the negative consequences of economic activity in the future. The area where the research was conducted is in the zone of insufficient moisture where there is an annual deficit of water balance of soils. Irrigation in the studied areas began in the mid-70s of the last century and lasted until 1992. The waters of the Samara River were used for this purpose. The total mineralization of water during the growing season reaches 3515 mg/dm3. It is possible to estimate the degree of transformation of soils that have been under the influence of irrigation waters for a long time in relation to the indicators of virgin soils. The zonal soils of the research area are CalcicChernozems. The analysis of macromorphological indicators showed that irrigation soils differ from the reference ones by the thickness of the organogenic horizon, density and structure. The results of the analysis of the aqueous extract of the reference soils show the absence of salinization with water-soluble salts. Their content varies in the range from 0.051 to 0.078 %. A maximum of one salt is observed in the soil profile, namely in the transitional horizon at a depth of 45–63 cm. Below this depth, the content of water-soluble salts progressively decreases. The total content and distribution of water-soluble salts in the soil profile of irrigated soils has some differences from the reference soils. In the upper part of the humus horizon, the total amount of water-soluble salts is smaller, which can be attributed to the effects of machining and better aeration, as well as the intensive removal of their vegetation. Below these horizons, the amount of water-soluble salts progressively increases and reaches a maximum in the soil-forming rock. The nature of the distribution in the soil profile and the total amount of salts isnot typical for Calcic Chernozems and ismore similar to those of Gleyic Calcic Chernozems. The maximum amount of water-soluble salts is concentrated in the parent rock. Their percentage indicates the absence of salinity in both studied soils. But guided by the method of calculating the content of toxic water-soluble salts in the soil, in the reference soils, this figure reaches 0.21 t/ha in a meter layer of soil, and in irrigation 0.42 t/ha. The results of studies of physicochemical parameters show that a higher content of metabolic calcium is characteristic of the reference soils, and its distribution in the soils along the profile of both options is relatively similar. In contrast, the distribution of exchangeable magnesium in the soil profile varies greatly, especially in the reference soils. In irrigated soils, the ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium is more stable and varies in the range from 4.2 to 7.9, which may be the result of prolonged irrigation. According to the obtained physicochemical parameters, irrigation soils have weak salinity in the lower part of the transition horizon. This indicator, together with the ratio of exchangeable calcium to magnesium, indicates eluvial-illuvial processes that for some time contributed to the redistribution in the soil profile of both water-soluble salts and exchangeable cations. Evaluation of the degree of salinity of soils showed the absence of salinization in the reference soils, as well as in the upper part of the humus horizons of irrigated soils. Given the buffering of irrigated soils, weak salinity is present only in the upper part of the transition horizon.

Crucial roles of aeration and catalyst on caffeine removal and bioelectricity generation in a double chambered microbial fuel cell integrated electrocatalytic process

The effects of aeration and catalyst on caffeine removal in the cathodic chamber and electricity generation of a double chambered microbial fuel cell (MFC) integrated electrocatalytic process were investigated. The overall performances of MFC in caffeine removal and electricity generation were significantly enhanced under the presence of copper (II) oxide (CuO) and aeration. CuO was synthesized using a hydrothermal method and was immobilized on the carbon plate for application as cathode. The CuO particles and CuO loaded carbon plate (CuO/C) were characterized by using X-ray diffractometer and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The effective transfer of electrons from anodic chamber to cathodic chamber for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) accelerated the removal of caffeine using CuO/C cathode under aerated condition. Results revealed that 15-fold higher removal efficiency of caffeine was obtained using CuO/C cathode (52.16 %) as compared with that of bare carbon plate (bare C) (3.41 %) at the first 24 h under aerated condition. The highest maximum power density and current density (28.75 mW m−2 and 253.33 mA m−2) were obtained for CuO/C cathode under aerated condition. Bare C cathode possessed the lowest maximum power density and current density (9.75 mW m−2 and 106.67 mA m−2) under unaerated condition. The circuit connection greatly improved the chemical oxygen demand removal of synthetic wastewater in the anodic chamber when the cathodic chamber was under aerated condition. The detailed mechanisms of the effects of CuO catalyst and aeration on the ORR at cathodic chamber were discussed.

Effect of CO2, aeration, irradiance, and photoperiod on biomass and lipid accumulation in a microalga autotrophically cultured and selected from four Colombian-native strains

This study evaluated the ability to accumulate biomass and lipids during the autotrophic culture of four Colombian-native microalgae strains (Scenedesmus ovalternus, Parachlorella kessleri, Nannochloropsis sp., and Isochrysis sp.) for their potential use as biofuels. The Botryococcus braunii UTEX 572 strain was cultured as a reference. Results of the reference strain agreed with literature reports, validating the results of the native strains. Freshwater strains had the highest accumulations of both biomass and lipids, suggesting their potential for biocrude and biodiesel production, respectively. Their lipid compositions were also similar to those of the current biodiesel feedstocks. Parachlorella kessleri was selected for the second objective, which was the optimization of CO2 and light conditions. The evaluated factors were CO2 content, aeration, irradiance, and photoperiod. Results showed a significant effect of all of them on biomass and lipid accumulation. Adjusted statistical models predict optimal biomass and lipid productivities near 326 and 48 mg·L−1·day−1, respectively.

Biological pre-treatment system for ammonia removal from slightly contaminated river used as a drinking water source

A pilot-scale biological pre-treatment reactor filled with porous polyurethanes carriers (BioNET) was operated over 500 days under different hydraulic retention times (HRT) (1.3 to 0.5 h) to evaluate the feasibility and efficiency of ammonia removal for a slightly contaminated source water. Under 0.5 h HRT, 84 % nitrification efficiency and 0.42 kg-N/m3/day ammonia removal rate could be achieved with influent ammonia concentration of 10.4 mg N/L. Results of batch tests indicated that the effect of aeration on nitrification of BioNET was more significant than temperature and components in raw water. Specific ammonia oxidization rate for batches with aeration were 4.5–9.1 times higher than those without aeration. In addition, simultaneous nitrification and denitrification were observed with batch tests using BioNET obtained from the reactor. Ammonia monooxygenase subunit A (amoA) gene of ammonia oxidizing archaea and bacteria (AOA and AOB) and 16S rRNA gene of total bacteria, Nitrospira, and Nitrobacter were quantified using real time quantification polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). AOB and Nitrospira were dominant in the bioreactor. Higher nitrification efficiency (>60 %) could be achieved at AOB abundance higher than 1.25 × 108 copy/BioNET and AOB/TB higher than 1.2. This study demonstrated that the BioNET system can be a promising technology for removing ammonia from slightly polluted river water at a low HRT condition.

Impacts of non‐Saccharomyces species and aeration on sequential inoculation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae to produce lower alcohol Merlot wines from Washington state

Species of non-Saccharomyces yeasts isolated from Washington vineyards were evaluated for their abilities to reduce alcohol contents of wines. As many of these yeasts benefit from some oxygen, the effect of limited aeration was also studied. Although fermentations of a high sugar Merlot grape must (310 g L-1 ) did not reach dryness, inoculation of Metschnikowia chrysoperlae, Mt. pulcherrima, Meyerozyma guillermondii, Pichia kluyveri, or P. membranifaciens yielded in wines with lower amounts of ethanol without excessive levels of acetic acid. Aeration frequently resulted in wines with less ethanol but with more acetic acid compared to non-aerated fermentations. Inoculation of Mt. pulcherrima or My. guilliermondii into another Merlot grape must that contained a lower initial amount of fermentable sugar (266 g L-1 ) resulted in dry wines that contained less alcohol. Inoculation of My. guilliermondii or Mt. pulcherrima before primary alcoholic fermentation resulted in wines with reduced alcohol contents without excessive acetic acid production. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Aeration effect on bacteria morphology contained in Bioactivators for household waste water treatment

Aeration effect on bacteria morphology contained in Bioactivators for household waste water treatment