Effect Of Er3 Research Articles

Broadened and enhanced MIR emission in Yb3+/Er3+/Dy3+ triply-doped CaYAlO4 crystal

Yb3+/Er3+/Dy3+ triply-doped CaYAlO4 single crystal was successfully grown to obtain the broadened and enhanced 3 μm MIR emission. The structure characters were studied by XRD measurement. The optical properties and energy transfer mechanism between Yb3+, Er3+, and Dy3+ were investigated according to the measured absorption spectra, emission spectra, and fluorescence decay curves. The absorption spectra show that the triply-doped crystal could be effective pumped by 980 nm due to the introduced of Yb3+ and Er3+. In comparison with Dy3+ singly-doped CaYAlO4 crystal, a broadened and enhanced ∼3 μm MIR emission with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 286 nm was obtained due to the fact that there exists effective energy transfer process from Yb3+ and Er3+ to Dy3+. For Yb3+, it serves as an effective sensitized ion. For Er3+, it could be not only used as an effective sensitized ion, but also as a 2.7 μm MIR emission center. For Dy3+, it serves as a deactivating ion to solve the self-termination “bottleneck” effect of Er3+, and more importantly, as an emission center to achieve 3 μm emission. The comprehensive effect is to obtain enhanced and broadened MIR emission in the triply-doped crystal. In addition, the corresponding energy transfer efficiency from Yb3+: 2F5/2 to Dy3+: 6H5/2 is as high as 90 %. Hence, the Yb3+/Er3+/Dy3+: CaYAlO4 crystal could be used as promising medium for MIR broadband tunable laser applications.

A light emitting device with TiO2:Er3+/ZnO heterostructure for enhanced near-infrared electroluminescence

Near-infrared (NIR) electroluminescence (EL) devices based on Er3+ ions doped TiO2 emitting layer have been fabricated by employing a facile sol–gel method. The effect of Er3+ ion doping concentration on the EL performance of TiO2:Er3+ thin film devices was investigated. Moreover, a novel device with the core of TiO2:1%Er3+/ZnO heterostructure was designed and fabricated. The EL performance of the device with optimized Er3+ ion doping concentration and improved structure was significantly improved. The NIR EL-enabling voltage of the improved device is as low as ∼5 V. The attenuated concentration quenching effect and the ZnO film as an electron blocking layer should contribute to the improved EL performance of the optimized device.

Effect of Er3+ ion incorporation on the structural, photoluminescence, and ferroelectric properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramic for optoelectronic applications

Effect of Er3+ ion incorporation on the structural, photoluminescence, and ferroelectric properties of K0.5Na0.5NbO3 ceramic for optoelectronic applications

Effects of Er3+ and Yb3+ concentrations on upconversion luminescence and thermal sensing characteristics of Sc2O3:Er3+/Yb3+ phosphors

Sc2O3:Er3+(x mol%)/Yb3+(3 mol%) (x = 0.3, 0.5, 0.7) and Sc2O3:Er3+(0.5 mol%)/Yb3+(y mol%) (y = 1, 3, 5) phosphors were synthesized by CO2 laser zone-melting method. The upconversion luminescence (UCL) spectra of Sc2O3:Er3+/Yb3+ fluorescent materials, which were pumped by 980 nm, were measured and analyzed. The results show that the UCL intensity reaches maxima when doped with 0.5 mol% Er3+ and 3 mol% Yb3+, and the increase of Yb3+ concentration leads to reduce the ratio of green UCL to red UCL. The temperature-dependent UCL spectra of Sc2O3:Er3+/Yb3+ fluorescent materials with various Er3+ and Yb3+ concentrations were measured from 290 K to 1023 K, and the thermal sensing characteristics were revealed via the fluorescence intensity ratio (FIR) technique. The maximal relative sensitivity (SR) are almost independent of the Er3+ and Yb3+ concentration, while the maximal absolute sensitivity (SA) increases with Yb3+ concentration in the whole measurement range. Among the prepared samples, the maxima of SA and SR are achieved for the sample of Sc2O3:Er3+(0.5 mol%)/Yb3+(5 mol%)，with the values of 5.34 × 10−3 K−1 (364.1 K) and 12.5 × 10−3 K−1 (290 K), respectively. Interestingly, for Sc2O3:Er3+ (0.5 mol%)/Yb3+ (3 mol%), having the highest UCL intensity, its maximum SA and SR are 4.90 × 10−3 K−1 (371.4 K) and 11.2 × 10−3 K−1 (290 K). The wide temperature sensing range and relatively high sensitivities of the fabricated materials provide excellent potential for temperature sensing.

Effect of Yb3+/Er3+ co-doping on the emission properties of fluoroindate glass and glass optical fiber

In this study, a comprehensive analysis of emission in erbium-doped and erbium and ytterbium co-doped fluoroindate glasses has been presented. The luminescence of the erbium transitions and the effect of ytterbium co-doping under 488, 808 and 976 nm laser excitation have been discussed. Optimization of rare-earth (RE) ions doping concentration and the energy transfer processes related to the sensibilization effect in Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fluoroindate glasses focusing on the reciprocal distribution of radiative transitions, energy transfer parameters, and lifetimes have been analyzed. The luminescence consists of several bands in the visible (525, 546 and 660 nm) and the infrared (1550 and 2700 nm) spectral regions that correspond to characteristic radiative energy transitions within the erbium ions. In glasses co-doped with the Er3+/Yb3+ system, an augmentation in the emission intensity was observed in the visible and at 1550 nm, while a decrease was observed in the 2700 nm infrared band. The increase of the Yb3+: 2F5/2 lifetime under 488, 808 and 976 nm excitation showed significant Er3+: 4I11/2 → Yb3+: 2F5/2 back energy transfer. Based on the analysis of the available literature, it can be concluded that energy transfer upconversion and cooperative energy upconversion play a significant role in modulating luminescence intensity values within the examined emission bands. This effect is likely enhanced due to the incorporation in a low phonon energy glass matrix. As a result of the above optimization, a glass optical fiber co-doped with 0.8 YbF3/1.4 ErF3 (in mol%) was drawn and characterized, showing a strong emission at 2.77 μm. The optimized Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped fluoroindate glass and glass optical fiber confirmed their ability to be used in the visible and near-infrared spectral regions as efficient optical fiber sources.

Achieving improved full-spectrum responsive 0D/3D CuWO4/BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+ photocatalyst with synergetic effects of up-conversion, photothermal effect and direct Z-scheme heterojunction

The key to obtain effective photocatalysts is to increase the efficiency of light energy conversion, and thus the design and implementation of full-spectrum photocatalysts is a potential approach to solve this problem especially by extending the absorption range to near-infrared (NIR) light. Herein, the improved full-spectrum responsive CuWO4/BiOBr:Yb3+,Er3+ (CW/BYE) direct Z-scheme heterojunction was prepared. The CW/BYE with CW mass ratio of 5% had the best degradation performance, and the removal rate of tetracycline reached 93.9% in 60 min and 69.4% in 12 h under visible (Vis) and NIR light, respectively, which were 5.2 and 3.3 times of BYE. According to the outcome of experimental, the reasonable mechanism of improved photoactivity was put forward on the basis of (i) the up-conversion (UC) effect of Er3+ ion to convert NIR photon to ultraviolet or visible light, which can be used by CW and BYE, (ii) the photothermal effect of CW to absorb the NIR light, increasing the local temperature of photocatalyst particle to accelerate the photoreaction, and (iii) the formed direct Z-scheme heterojunction between BYE and CW to boost the separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. Additionally, the excellent photostability of the photocatalyst was verified by cycle degradation experiments. This work opens up a promising technique for designing and synthesizing full-spectrum photocatalysts by utilizing synergetic effects of UC, photothermal effect and direct Z-scheme heterojunction.

The effect of Er3+ concentration on the kinetics of multiband upconversion in NaYF4:Yb/Er microcrystals.

In Yb-Er co-doped upconversion (UC) nanomaterials, upconversion luminescence (UCL) can be modulated to generate multiband UCL emissions by changing the concentration of activator Er3+. Nonetheless, the effect of the Er3+ concentrations on the kinetics of these emissions is still unknown. We here study the single β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ microcrystal (MC) doped with different Er3+ concentrations by nanosecond time-resolved spectroscopy. Interestingly, different Er3+ doping concentrations exhibit different UCL emission bands and UCL response rates. At low Er3+ doping concentrations (1mol%), multiband emission in β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ (20/1mol%) MCs could not be observed and the response rate of UCL was slow (5-10μs) in β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+. Increasing the Er3+ doping concentration to 10mol% can shorten the distance between Yb3+ ions and Er3+ ions, which promotes the energy transfer between them. β-NaYF4:Yb3+/Er3+ (20/10mol%) can achieve obvious multiband UCL and a quick response rate (0.3µs). However, a further increase in the Er doping concentration (80mol%) makes MCs limited by the CR process and cannot achieve the four-photon UC process (4F5/2 → 2K13/2 and 2H9/2 → 2D5/2). Therefore, the result shows that changing the Er3+ doping concentration could control the energy flow between the different energy levels in Er3+, which could affect the response time and UCL emission of the Yb/Er doped rare earth materials. Our work can facilitate the development of fast-response optoelectronics, optical-sensing, and display industries.

Research on Infrared Emissivity and Laser Reflectivity of Sn1−xErxO2 Micro/Nanofibers Based on First-Principles

Sn1−xErxO2 (x = 0%, 8%, 16%, 24%) micro/nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning combined with heat treatment using erbium nitrate, stannous chloride and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as raw materials. The target products were characterized by thermogravimetric analyzer, X-ray diffrotometer, fourier transform infrared spectrometer, scanning electron microscope, spectrophotometer and infrared emissivity tester, and the effects of Er3+ doping on its infrared and laser emissivity were studied. At the same time, the Sn1−xErxO2 (x = 0%, 16%) doping models were constructed based on the first principles of density functional theory, and the related optoelectronic properties such as their energy band structure, density of states, reflectivity and dielectric constant were analyzed, and further explained the mechanism of Er3+ doping on SnO2 infrared emissivity and laser absorption from the point of electronic structure. The results showed that after calcination at 600°C, single rutile type SnO2 was formed, and the crystal structure was not changed by doping Er3+. The calcined products showed good fiber morphology, and the average fiber diameter was 402 nm. The infrared emissivity and resistivity of the samples both decreased first and then increased with the increase of Er3+ doping amount. When x = 16%, the infrared emissivity of the sample was at least 0.71; and Er3+ doping can effectively reduce the reflectivity of SnO2 at 1.06 μm and 1.55 μm, when x = 16%, its reflectivity at 1.06 μm and 1.55 μm are 50.5% and 40%, respectively, when x = 24%, the reflectivity at 1.06 μm and 1.55 μm wavelengths are 47.3% and 42.1%, respectively. At the same time, the change of carrier concentration and electron transition before and after Er3+ doping were described by firstprinciple calculation, and the regulation mechanism of infrared emissivity and laser reflectivity was explained. This study provides a certain experimental and theoretical basis for the development of a single-type, light-weight and easily prepared infrared and laser compatible-stealth material.

Ratiometric thermometry using single Er3+-doped CaWO4 phosphors

Single doped CaWO4:Er3+ phosphors were synthesized and studied for application of optical thermal sensing within a wide range of 98–773 K. Ratiometric strategy utilizing two luminescence intensity ratios, one between host and Er3+ band (LIR1) and second between different Er3+ transitions (LIR2), results in self-referencing temperature readouts. The presence of two temperature-dependent parameters could improve thermometric characteristics and broaden the working temperature range compared to a usual single-parameter thermometer. Thermometric performances of prepared samples were evaluated in terms of thermal sensitivities, temperature resolution and repeatability. The highest sensitivity of 2.09% K−1@300 K was found for LIR1, whereas LIR2 provided more accurate thermal sensing with a temperature resolution of 0.06–0.1 K. Effect of Er3+ doping concentration on sensing properties were studied. The presented findings indicate that CaWO4:Er3+ phosphors are perspective in dual-mode thermal sensing with high sensitivity and sub-degree resolution.

Effects of Er3+ dopant on polymorphic phase boundaries and electrical properties of Sn4+modified Ba1−yErySn0.06Ti0.94O3 multifunctional ceramics

Effects of Er3+ dopant on polymorphic phase boundaries and electrical properties of Sn4+modified Ba1−yErySn0.06Ti0.94O3 multifunctional ceramics

Effect of Er3+ ions on the structural, optical and Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters of (Bi2O3-BaTiO3) glass system and their application as fiber-amplifier

Barium titanate-based bismuthate glasses doped with Er3+ ions have been fabricated by employing the conventional melt quench technique. Various characterization studies have been performed on the samples for their physical, structural and optical analysis such as the density and molar volume measurements, X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, and UV–Vis spectroscopies. The amorphous nature of the prepared glass samples has been confirmed by the broad humps observed in the X-Ray diffractograms. The FTIR spectra confirmed an increment in the non-bridging oxygen atoms (NBOs) and also the transformation of [BiO6] units to [BiO3] pyramidal units in the structural network of the glass matrix. Raman spectra in the high-frequency region have also been recorded which provided information related to the structural changes in the glass system upon the building of Er-O linkages. Absorption spectra of UV–Vis spectroscopy depicted six transition states such as 4F7/2, 2H11/2, 4S3/2, 4F9/2, 4I11/2, and 4I13/2. The spectroscopic and optical parameters such as energy band gap, optical conductivity, penetration depth, Judd-Ofelt (JO) parameters, refractive index, dielectric constant, Urbach energy, and transmission coefficient for the glasses have been determined, among others. The nephelauxetic ratio (β) and bonding parameters (δ) obtained from transitions of rare-earth ions have revealed the ionic character of the glasses. The calculated values of indirect and direct energy bandgap (Eg) of the prepared samples have been found to decrease from 2.04 to 1.93 and 2.67 to 2.45 resp. on increasing Er3+ ions. Judd-Ofelt (JO) parameters follow the order given by Ω2> Ω6> Ω4 and have been consistent with the literature. A decrement in the values of Ω2 from 3.761 to 2.699, confirmed the lowest asymmetry in the crystal field of rare-earth ions of glass system. The obtained values of refractive index, Urbach energy, dielectric constant, electronic & ionic polarizability and the metallization criterion suggest that the presently studied glass samples are amorphous semiconducting, optically non-linear and are suitable for the applications in erbium-doped fiber-amplifier (EDFA), lasers and optoelectronic devices.

Effects of Er3+ and/or Cr3+ doping on crystallization activation energy and fluorescence properties of transparent ZnGa2O4 glass-ceramics

Er3+ and/or Cr3+ doped transparent ZnGa2O4 glass-ceramics were successfully obtained by one-step heat treatment. The results showed that Er3+ ions can enrich around ZnGa2O4 crystal to reduce the crystallization activation energy and promote the growth of ZnGa2O4 crystal. Cr3+ ions may successfully occupy the Ga3+ sites in the ZnGa2O4 lattice but will increase crystallization activation energy and inhibit the growth of the ZnGa2O4 crystal. Before and after crystallization, the coordination-field intensity of Cr3+ ions increased from 2.17 to 2.86, resulting in the peak position of its emission spectra moving from 850 to 688 nm. By excitation at 378 nm, the precursor glass co-doped with Er3+ and Cr3+ ions only showed the characteristic emission peaks belonging to Er3+ ions. After heat treatment, the characteristic emission peaks belonging to Er3+ and Cr3+ ions existed simultaneously, and the emission color changed from green to yellow. By excitation at 980 nm, there were only characteristic emission peaks belonging to Er3+ ions of the Er3+/Cr3+ co-doped glasses before and after heat treatment. The results showed that the Er3+ and/or Cr3+ doped ZnGa2O4 glass-ceramics have adjustable luminescence ability and show potential application value in the field of luminescence display.

Fluoroaluminate glasses with low phosphate content doped with Er3+/Yb3+ ions for up-conversion luminescence temperature sensors

Fluoroaluminate glasses with low phosphate content doped with Er3+-Yb3+ ions were synthesized and their upconversion luminescence was investigated as a function of temperature. The Judd-Ofelt theory was used to predict the transition probabilities, branching and to calculate fluorescence intensity ratio and thermal sensitivity of the glasses for the excited states of Er3+ions in the glasses. The effect of Er3+and Yb3+ ions concentrations and phosphate content on the upconversion luminescence was studied in the range 300–700 K. The fluorescence intensity ratio of the thermally coupled 2H11/2 and 4S3/2 levels of Er3+ions was studied to determine the thermal sensitivity of the glasses. It was found that the maximum absolute sensitivity Smax of the glasses under study varies in the range of 27–43 × 10−4 K−1. The high values of Smax, high upconversion intensity and the ability of recording up-conversion spectra at low excitation powers make fluoroaluminate glasses with low phosphate content promising materials for optical temperature sensors.

Features of electronic phase separation in multiferroic ErMn2O5

The effect of rare-earth ions Er3+, which has a large orbital contribution to the magnetic moment, on the phase transitions and states of the phase separation nanoregions has been studied in multiferroic ErMn2O5. These nanoregions are semiconductor heterostructures formed due to self-organization processes in the ErMn2O5 matrix. A significant effect of Er3+ ions, the moments of which are rigidly oriented along the c axis of the crystal, on the magnetic dynamics, heat capacity, and multiferroic properties of superlattices layers in a wide temperature range of 5 ÷ 300 K has been revealed.

Improvement of properties and catalytic activity of TiO2 for the adsorption and solar photodecomposition of ibuprofen: effect of Er3+ and Pr3+ doping

Improvement of properties and catalytic activity of TiO2 for the adsorption and solar photodecomposition of ibuprofen: effect of Er3+ and Pr3+ doping

Effect of Er3+ and Y3+ ions co-substitution on conductivity and dielectric features of Mn-Zn nanosized spinel ferrites

Effect of Er3+ and Y3+ ions co-substitution on conductivity and dielectric features of Mn-Zn nanosized spinel ferrites

Effects of Er3+ doping on the structure and electro-optical properties of 0.94(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.06Sr(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics

Effects of Er3+ doping on the structure and electro-optical properties of 0.94(K0.5Na0.5)NbO3–0.06Sr(Zn1/3Nb2/3)O3 ceramics

Optical and thermal properties of luminescent Er3+-doped lithium tellurite glasses

ABSTRACT The effects of Er3+ concentration on the short-range order, thermal and luminescence properties of lithium tellurite glasses (xEr2O3-24Li2O-(75-x)TeO2, x = 1–5 mol%) were studied by X-ray diffraction, density measurements, differential scanning calorimetry, UV–visible, Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopic techniques. The incorporation of 1–5 mol% Er2O3 in the lithium tellurite glass system increases density steadily from 4.97 to 5.21 g cm−3, it decreases the average Te-O co-ordination number from 3.51 to 3.44 due to short-range structural transformation: TeO4 → TeO3 units, and it enhances the glass transition temperature from 264°C to 298°C. The glass sample with 1 mol% Er2O3 produces maximum green light emission with 89% color purity and fluorescence quantum yield of 3.05%. On increasing the Er2O3 concentration from 1 to 5 mol%, very strong concentration quenching effects on the luminescence intensity are found.

Multiferroic properties in [formula omitted] ceramics

The effect of Er3+ substitution on the physical properties of SmFeO3 was studied through magnetic and electrical measurements. The X-ray diffraction patterns of Sm1-xErxFeO3 samples showed that the lattice constants decrease with increasing Er content. As a result, the distortion of Er -doped SmFeO3became significant. The magnetic hysteresis loops of samples indicate that the antiferromagnetic trend increases with Er concentration. The anomaly in Ac susceptibility (χ) and dielectric constant curves for Sm1-xErxFeO3 provided evidence for occurring spin reorientation transition (SRT) in these compounds and are also observed the gradual decrease in SR temperature with increasing Er3+ions. Furthermore, the electrical measurements exhibited a considerable enhancement in the dielectric constant. Sm0.3Er0.7FeO3 is the only compound that presented a colossal dielectric constant (CDC) (103) at room temperature which is attributed to relaxor-ferroelectrics. Likewise, the appearance of magnetic and ferroelectric hysteresis loops indicated the coexistence of magnetism and ferroelectricity.

Structural, Magnetic, and Mossbauer Parameters' Evaluation of Sonochemically Synthesized Rare Earth Er3+ and Y3+ Ions-Substituted Manganese-Zinc Nanospinel Ferrites.

The effect of Er3+ and Y3+ ion-co-substituted Mn0.5Zn0.5ErxYxFe2–2xO4 (MZErYF) (x ≤ 0.10) spinel nanoferrites (SNFs) prepared by a sonochemical approach was investigated. Surface and phase analyses were carried out using SEM, TEM, and XRD. Hyperfine parameters were determined by fitting room-temperature (RT) Mossbauer spectra. Magnetic field-dependent magnetization data unveiled the superparamagnetic nature at RT and ferrimagnetic nature at 10 K. RT saturation magnetization (MS) and calculated magnetic moments (nB) are 34.84 emu/g and 1.47 μB, respectively, and have indirect proportionalities with increasing ion content. MS and nB data have a similar trend at 10 K including remanent magnetizations (Mr). The measured coercivities (HC) are between 250 and 415 Oe. The calculated squareness ratios are in the range of 0.152–0.321 for NPs and assign the multidomain nature for NPs at 10 K. The extracted effective magnetocrystalline constants (Keff) have an order of 104 erg/g except for Mn0.5Zn0.5Er0.10Y0.10Fe1.80O4 SNFs that has 3.37 × 105 erg/g. This sample exhibits the greatest magnetic hardness with the largest magnitude of HC = 415 Oe and an internal anisotropy field Ha = 1288 Oe among all magnetically soft NPs.