EEG Brainwave Research Articles

Enhancing Text Using Emotion Detected from EEG Signals

Often people might not be able to express themselves properly on social media, like not being able to think of appropriate words representative of their emotional state. In this paper, we propose an end to end system which aims to enhance user-input sentence according to his/her current emotional state. It works by a) detecting the emotion of the user and b) enhancing the input sentence by inserting emotive words to make the sentence more representative of the emotional state of the user. The emotional state of the user is recognized by analyzing the Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals from the brain. For text enhancement, we modify the words corresponding to the detected emotion using correlation finder scheme. Next, the verification of the sentence correctness has been performed using Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) Networks based Language Modeling framework. An accuracy of 74.95% has been recorded for the classification of five emotional states in a dataset of 25 participants using EEG signals. Similarly, promising results have been obtained for the task text enhancement and overall end-to-end system. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first of its kind to enhance text according to the emotional state detected by EEG brainwaves. The system also releases an individual from thinking and typing words, which might be a complicated procedure sometimes.

Examining creativity through a virtual reality support system

This study explores the effects of immersive VR on an individual’s creativity and factors related to creativity including flow, attention and meditation (i.e., mental relaxation or stress). Sixty undergraduate students were invited to participate in an open-ended challenge to design a wearable technology functioning as a smart phone individually, either in the immersive VR condition (N = 30) or in the paper-and-pencil condition (N = 30). Surveys and electroencephalography (EEG) measurements were used to collect data. Findings showed that the participants in the immersive VR condition had higher quality creative products than those in the paper-and-pencil condition. The sequence analysis of the participants’ EEG brainwaves also showed that the participants in the immersive VR condition maintained a more stable focus or attention, while those in the paper-and-pencil condition were more relaxed. Research results led to a deeper understanding of using a VR support system for individual creativity. Recommendations for the design and application of an immersive VR creativity support system are discussed.

The Displaced ‘Dispositif’

“ Dispositif ” is a term used in film studies since the 1970s to describe the entire system of mechanical and human factors which together bring about the cinema experience. It therefore refers to (amongst other things) the space of the auditorium, the screen, the projection technology and the physiology of the spectator. Many of its qualifying components are masked from the view of participants in the system. The dispositif’s purpose is to set up the conditions for a specific type of cognitive experience, one which mirrors and extends (and in some readings, controls) the experience of its participants. The Displaced Dispositif is a performance designed for the space of a cinema theatre, but featuring the projection of fragments of early silent cinema on a coeval (1910s) film projector from the auditorium. The film fragments are live-scored by the sound artist, Shaun Lewin, using a combination of closely mic’d sources on the projector itself, luminance data from the projected image and EEG brainwave data recorded from participants during previous projections of the film. Displacing elements in the dispositif in this way, by shifting modalities, situating in parallel, feeding back and layering, draws attention to its hidden existence and creates the potential for a more knowing and informed participation in the cinema experience. It also serves to demonstrate the degree to which dispositifs of modern cinema spectatorship, which have morphed and proliferated since the widespread digitization of film heritage, have radically altered both the technological and experiential qualities of the medium. By integrating EEG data, the performance adds the dimension of electrophysiological experience to the long tradition within experimental cinema of artists calling attention to Cinema’s hidden structures. As well as challenging the dominance of the worldview propagated by the film industry, the performance also signals a means of re-engaging with the creative potential of the system itself, once unshackled from its bonds to the reality effect and freed from the limits imposed by its commercializing instincts.

Gaming Addiction

Gaming Addiction

Effects of colour towards underwear choice based on electroencephalography (EEG)

The purpose of this paper is to investigate whether colours as stimuli can affect underwear choice based on consumers' EEG recording as biological response to elicit preferences towards underwear products. The study employs applications of neuroscience methods to analyse the physiological choice process. Twenty underwear buyers were asked to evaluate several underwear colours (red, white, blue, brown, grey and black) by using wireless EEG headset with 6 channels to collect EEG signals from participants' frontal, temporal and occipital brain areas that can give us a measure to estimate consumers' choice. The result indicated there was a clear and significant change (p < 0.05) of EEG brain waves activities of right and left hemisphere in the frontal (F3 and F4), temporal (T7 and T8), and occipital (O1 and O2) brain areas when participants indicated their preferred colour. Additionally, based on the results female consumer prefers underwear which has red colour while male consumer prefers white colour. This research would essentially contribute in enriching marketing research method by using more advanced experimental designs rather than traditional marketing research methods.

EEG Brain Wave Activity at Rest and during Evoked Attention in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Effects of Methylphenidate

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess baseline EEG brain wave activity in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to examine the effects of evoked attention and methylphenidate on this activity. Method: Children with ADHD (n = 19) were tested while they were stimulant free and during a period in which they were on stimulant (methylphenidate) medication. Control subjects (n = 18) were tested once. EEG brain wave activity was tested both at baseline and during focussed attention. Attention was evoked and EEG brain wave activity was determined by means of the BioGraph Infiniti biofeedback apparatus. Results: The main finding of this study was that control subjects and stimulant-free children with ADHD exhibited the expected reactivity in high alpha-wave activity (11-12 Hz) from baseline to focussed attention; however, methylphenidate appeared to abolish this reactivity. Conclusion: Methylphenidate attenuates the normal cortical response to a cognitive challenge.

Real-time 3D fluid simulation digital art using BCI

We present a methodology about real-time 3D fluid simulation system using BCI (brain–computer interface). Spectators appreciate our work with their emotion. The advance of technology has exerted huge impacts on arts and as result a new genre called digital art has emerged. In digital art, interaction is an important element. Various types of interaction are bein g implemented in digital art using touch, hand gesture, sound, movement, etc., even brain wave. Usually, digital artists pursue interactions in their art work; the reason is that they want spectators’ deep appreciation and involvement. However, many of interactive digital art works fail to induce interaction as much as the artists expected. If visible interaction is weak, or interaction result is weak, spectators are not immersed much in the work. Nowadays, there are many interactive digital arts. In digital art, new type of interaction is needed to captivate spectators. So, we tried to implement BCI interaction digital art prototype (tentative title: Soul flow). Electroencephalography (EEG) is the recording of brain electrical activity along the scalp. We measured user’s EEG signal using MindSet (the MindSet senses EEG brainwave data to power the innovation of laboratory researchers and application developers like no other EEG device in the world. It delivers RAW signal, power frequency bands and NeuroSky eSense meters:attention, meditation. http://www.neurosky.com/products/mindset.aspx) to take user’s emotional state on appreciating digital art. We can get user’s emotional state in four categories (attention/inattention, meditation/uneasiness) and these emotional states interact with 3D fluid simulation system in real-time. In this art work prototype, each spectator experiences each different fluid (scale, speed and visual) because each spectator has different emotional state. Our art work prototype expressed the flow through water flow simulation. Flow means the mental state of operation in which a person performing an activity is fully immersed in a feeling of energized focus, full involvement, and enjoyment in the process of the activity. In essence, flow is characterized by complete absorption in what one does (The psychology of optimal experience 1990). In addition, it means stream in water flow. We pursued these concepts and expressed to 3D fluid simulation digital art using BCI. We used Unity3D and MindSet to implement our art work prototype. This study will expand the participation of the spectator in digital art. In addition, it will expand the possibilities of BCI in digital art interaction.

Electroencephalographic brain frequency in athletes differs during visualization of a state of rest versus a state of exercise performance: a pilot study

Objective: Psychomotor imagery has been widely used to improve motor performance and motor learning. Recent research suggests that during visualization, changes occur in neurophysiological networks that make physical practice more effective in configuring functional networks for skillful behaviors. The aim of our pilot study was to determine if there was change and to what extent there was differentiation in modulation in electroencephalography (EEG) frequencies between visualizing a state of rest and a state of exercise performance and to identify the preponderant frequency. Design: Quasi-experimental design uncontrolled before and after study. Methods: EEG brain wave activity was recorded from 0-40 Hz from nine cerebral cortical scalp regions F3, Fz, F4, C3, Cz, C4, P3, POz, and P4 with a wireless telemetric EEG system. The subjects, while sitting on a chair with eyes closed, were asked to visualize themselves in a state of routine rest/relaxation and after a period of time in a state of their routine exercise performance. Results: The gamma frequency, 31-40 Hz, () was the predominant wave band in differentiation between visualizing a state of rest versus visualizing a state of exercise performance. Conclusions: We suggest these preliminarily findings show the EEG electrocortical activity for athletes is differentially modulated during visualization of exercise performance in comparison to rest with a predominant wave band frequency observed during the state of exercise. Further controlled experimental studies will be performed to elaborate these observations and delineate the significance to optimization of psychomotor exercise performance.

Analysis of the Results of the Pedagogical Research and Eeg in the Aspect of Effective Modern Teaching Aids in the Technical Education

&lt;p class="IATED-Affiliation"&gt;The development of computer technology is reflected in among other things, the development of modern didactics. Current pedagogy and media education, as a fast developing discipline of general pedagogy, is a topic of a number of studies. Applying the modern multimedia aids at various stages and in various types of education is considered as an indispensable element of modern didactics, due to new opportunities the modern media offers. The paper deals with didactic innovations based on research conducted within pedagogy on the observable social changes induced by development in information technology. The main objective of the paper is to address the issue how to apply modern technology and research findings on the functioning of the brain in order to improve the effectiveness of the learning process. The paper presents only the results of a pilot study, which can be used as a basis for further research using medical equipment for analyzing EEG brain waves for didactic purposes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;/p&gt;

EEG Derived Neuronal Dynamics during Meditation: Progress and Challenges.

Meditation advances positivity but how these behavioral and psychological changes are brought can be explained by understanding neurophysiological effects of meditation. In this paper, a broad spectrum of neural mechanics under a variety of meditation styles has been reviewed. The overall aim of this study is to review existing scientific studies and future challenges on meditation effects based on changing EEG brainwave patterns. Albeit the existing researches evidenced the hold for efficacy of meditation in relieving anxiety and depression and producing psychological well-being, more rigorous studies are required with better design, considering client variables like personality characteristics to avoid negative effects, randomized controlled trials, and large sample sizes. A bigger number of clinical trials that concentrate on the use of meditation are required. Also, the controversial subject of epileptiform EEG changes and other adverse effects during meditation has been raised.

3D게임의 입체영상효과와 피로도에 대한 실험연구: 뇌생리학 측정의 결합

본 연구는 3D 입체영상게임의 영상효과와 실재감, 피로도 효과를 검증하기 위해 플레이테스트 실험처치 방법론을 통해 2D게임과 비교하여 효과를 분석하였다. 첫째로 3D게임과 2D게임에 대해 사용자들의 영상경험의 차이를 검증하고자 했던 가설은 영상선명도를 제외하고 실물감, 입체감, 실재감가설 모두 채택되었다. 둘째로 3D게임과 2D게임은 안구피로도와 신체피로도 모두 차이가 없는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구결과는 그동안 3D 입체영상에서 발생하는 영상왜곡과 피로 유발요인으로 피로도가 발생한다고 하는 기존의 연구결과와는 다른 것이다. 셋째로 3D게임과 2D게임 플레이과정에서 발생한 뇌파의 변화를 측정하여 분석한 결과 EEG 알파파의 평균 진폭은 차이가 없었으나 EEG 베타파는 더 높은 진폭대로 발생하는 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구는 전통적인 실험연구 방법에 EEG 뇌파측정을 방법론적으로 보완하여 3D 입체영상게임의 사용경험과정에서의 뇌생리학적 변화와 차이를 검증하였다.

Dwelling time of normal and abnormal brain waves connected with their transformability and sustainability

Normality and abnormality of EEG brain waves are associated with the transformability and sustainability time of the five waves types, namely gamma, beta, alpha, theta and delta in the order of their descending frequencies. Normal brain waves are transformable from one type to another with sustainable time in the order of seconds and minutes, while the transformability and sustainability time of abnormal brains may be of the order of months and years for situations where abnormalities are recoverable. Many of the exceptions caused by rhythmic irregularities and/or inappropriate EEG measurements can be identified with their respective wave type and sustainability time. This is done by using the least variance principle (LVP) where abnormalities in frequencies and amplitudes are captured by the variances and their sustaining time.The general notion is that normal waves would have less irregularities and are more predictable by the EEG wave frequencies and phase angles. Normal waves are not only more stable but they have a longer sustainable dwelling time. Waves with abnormally small (abs) and abnormally large (abl) frequencies on the other hand are more persistent on distinct dwelling times that can also affect the waveform stability. Dwelling time intervals of 0–6min. and 4–10min. are selected for abnormal waves in contrast to 0–10min. for normal waves. The average frequencies are decreased from those for gamma waves to delta waves for determining the degree of persistency of dwelling times. Results from LVP show that the time occurrence of abnormally small (abs) and abnormally large (abl) frequencies affects the quality of the waveforms for the same dwelling time.

Using phase to recognize English phonemes and their distinctive features in the brain

The neural mechanisms used by the human brain to identify phonemes remain unclear. We recorded the EEG signals evoked by repeated presentation of 12 American English phonemes. A support vector machine model correctly recognized a high percentage of the EEG brain wave recordings represented by their phases, which were expressed in discrete Fourier transform coefficients. We show that phases of the oscillations restricted to the frequency range of 2-9 Hz can be used to successfully recognize brain processing of these phonemes. The recognition rates can be further improved using the scalp tangential electric field and the surface Laplacian around the auditory cortical area, which were derived from the original potential signal. The best rate for the eight initial consonants was 66.7%. Moreover, we found a distinctive phase pattern in the brain for each of these consonants. We then used these phase patterns to recognize the consonants, with a correct rate of 48.7%. In addition, in the analysis of the confusion matrices, we found significant similarity-differences were invariant between brain and perceptual representations of phonemes. These latter results supported the importance of phonological distinctive features in the neural representation of phonemes.

EEG brain wave band differentiation during a eustress state of humor associated mirthful laughter compared to a distress state

Humor associated mirthful laughter, a novel eustress state, and a distress state differentially modulates neuroendocrine, immune, and psychological mood states. We used the 9 channel B‐Alert X10® EEG system with power spectral density (PSD), computed for left and right hemispheres, to determine if EEG metrics differentiated between a humor eustress state and a distress state. Eight video trial EEG sessions (states ‐ humor eustress vs. distress) were run on 2 individuals. Absolute PSD was used for the analysis of frontal theta (3–7Hz), alpha (8–12Hz), and beta (13–29Hz) of the left (F3) and right (F4) hemispheres. Using 10 sec epochs, ANOVA confirmed the humor state increased PSD across theta, p &lt; .05; and alpha, p &lt; .01. The opposite was true for beta where the eustress decreased PSD, p &lt; .05. For differences between hemispheres, using 1‐way ANOVA, significant right‐left differences occurred across state for frontal theta, p &lt; .05 and frontal alpha, p &lt; .05. Significance was also found in the parietal for alpha, p &lt; .05, but not for theta. PSD shows 1) both theta and alpha have greater left frontal (F3) EEG activity during the humor eustress state, which is associated with positive affect; and 2) right‐left hemispheric differentiation. In conclusion, PSDs computed for the left and right frontal hemispheres, using B‐Alert X10® EEG activity, differentiates a humor eustress state from a distress state.

Artifacts Removing From EEG Signals by Ica Algorithms

Recent advances in computer hardware and signal processing have now a way to communicate with the outside world, but even with the last modern techniques, such systems still suffer communication Recent advances in computer hardware and signal processing have made possible the use of EEG signals or brain waves for communication between humans and computers The EEG is composed of electrical potentials arising from several sources. Each source (including separate neural clusters, blink artifact) projects a unique topography onto the scalp. These maps are mixed according to the principle of linear superposition. Here we attempt a Independent component analysis (ICA) of different algorithms to reverse the superposition by separating the EEG into mutually independent scalp maps, later removing their noise by set the threshold level and finally we classify the five mental tasks through the use of the electroencephalogram (EEG) by the neural network technique. Keywords: EEG database, Independent component analysis (ICA) Algorithm, MAT LAB,

운전자의 안전을 위한 도심지역 자동차 애드혹 통신망의 뇌파전송 성능평가

Recently, in the U-health area, there are research related on monitoring brainwaves in real-time for coping with emergent situations like the fatigue driving, cerebral infarction or the heart attack of not only the patients but also the normal elderly folks by transmitting of the EEG(Electroencephalograph). This system could be applied to hospitals or sanatoriums. In this paper, it is applied for the vehicular ad-hoc network to prevent the car accident in advance by monitoring the brainwaves of a driver in real-time. In order to do this, I used mobile ad-hoc nodes supported in the Opnet simulator for the efficient EEG brainwave transmission in the VANET environment. The vehicular ad-hoc networks transmitting the brainwaves to the nearest road-side unit are designed and simulated to draw an efficient and proper vehicular ad-hoc network environment.

Patient page. The diagnosis of epilepsy and the art of listening.

In this issue of Neurology , a group of epilepsy specialists report how they tested their ability to diagnose temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) by listening to descriptions of the spells of 88 patients (“Seizure identification by clinical description in TLE: How accurate are we?”). TLE is a kind of epilepsy caused by abnormal electrical activity in the temporal area of the brain. More information about TLE can be found on the next page. These neurologists identified 96% of the patients with TLE by talking with their patients. Then they confirmed the diagnosis using other, more costly, tests. These tests included recording the patients’ spells on videotape and using EEG (brain wave test). This study proved what all physicians know—the art of listening to patients, or obtaining a “history,” is a powerful diagnostic tool. When your neurologist asks questions about spells and listens to you speak, he or she is not just visiting with you. Your neurologist hopes that you will begin your story just before the seizure starts, then step-by-step explain the details of what you experienced. The neurologist also will want to hear the same details from any observers. As your neurologist listens, he or she compares your story to a detailed map of the brain’s function. The neurologist is looking for how well the story of your spells matches this map of how an electrical seizure spreads across the brain surface. If the match is a good one, then the diagnosis of epilepsy might be made even if your EEG between seizures is …

Qeeg Differences in Cordless vs. Corded Phone Users

Previous research that has measured brainwaves using electroencephalograph (EEG) equipment consistently show that electromagnetic fields (EMF's) of various ranges can alter the neuro-electrical system of the human brain. The results of brainwave research indicate that different levels or ranges of EMF exposure (e.g., 8Hz, 50Hz and 1200MHz) produce different types of corresponding EEG brainwave patterns. The cordless telephone emits an EMF of around 900-1200MHz and no previous research involving cordless telephones or EMF exposure at similar ranges could be found. This study was an empirical investigation of EEG characteristics resulting from 10 minutes of cordless phone (EMF of 900 MHz) exposure. The 10 minutes of exposure to the 900MHz cordless phone resulted in significant magnitude and power changes in the slow wave (Delta2) and the higher (SMR, Alpha, Beta1) frequency bands; However, slow wave theta was unaffected by the EMF exposure of the cordless phone. Overall total EEG power increased and magnitude reflected more instability.

Moral development and higher states of consciousness

This paper discusses possible relationships between the cognitive–moral development theory of Lawrence Kohlberg and Charles Alexander's life-span model. Central to Alexander's model is the role which levels of mind and higher states of consciousness play throughout the general periods of development. Parallel to Kohlberg's cosmic perspective Stage 7—which goes beyond the representational logic and reasoning identified by Piaget's highest stage—are the postrepresentational stages of development, described by Vedic psychology and Alexander's model as "higher states of consciousness"—transcendental consciousness, cosmic consciousness, God consciousness, and unity consciousness. Research indicates that EEG brainwave coherence is associated with the development of higher states of consciousness and Kohlberg's Stage 7. Studies on the Transcendental Meditation (TM) and TM-Sidhi programs as effective technologies for promoting moral development are further discussed.

Ten-year stability of EEG biofeedback results for a hyperactive boy who failed fourth grade perceptually impaired class

Ten years ago, the first successful application of a clinical, private-practice based, EEG 14-Hz biofeedback training regimen for the treatment of learning disorders was performed by the author. After the 10-year-old boy, with presenting symptomatology including a developmental reading disorder, hyperactivity, and an educational classification of perceptually impaired, continued symptom free for a period of two years, his case was submitted for publication. Ten years after his termination from successful treatment, his ongoingly normal social and academic functioning is noted and his EEG brainwave signature examined and compared with a population of 24 "used-to-be" learning disabled, one-half of which had a pretreatment state including the educational classification of perceptually impaired. This 10-year follow-up confirms the long-term stability of the results of this EEG 14-Hz biofeedback regimen. Current findings on recent medical research identifying a major cerebral locus of dysfunction for hyperkinesis and how it supports the electrode placements of this clinical office setting regimen is also discussed.