Stage Of Education Research Articles

The Application of Classical Conditioning Theory in Elementary Education

As an important part of China's basic education, elementary education is the first stage of China's compulsory education, which plays an important role in laying the foundation and guiding students' academic development and personal growth. How to improve the teaching quality of elementary education, help students develop good learning habits, and better promote students' academic development is very worthy of deep thinking. Pavlov's classical conditioning theory originated from the dog saliva secretion experiment, and its rich connotation and characteristics have important revelation significance for elementary school teaching and behavioral therapy. Therefore, based on the connotation and main features of Pavlov's classical conditioning theory, it is of great research value to explore its application strategies in elementary school classroom teaching and elementary school students' adverse behavior modification, so as to better promote the sound growth of elementary school students.

Study on the Current Situation of Poetry Education in China's Compulsory Education Stage

This paper focuses on the current situation of poetry education in China's compulsory education stage. Currently, poetry education in the compulsory education stage faces problems such as uncertainty of teaching content, single teaching method, inapplicability of teaching mode, high difficulty of learning content and students' fear of difficulty. In order to solve these problems, we need to start from several aspects: clarifying the teaching objectives and standards, exploring diversified teaching methods, constructing a student-centered teaching mode, lowering the difficulty of the learning content, and overcoming the students' fear of difficulty.

Подготовка дошкольников к изучению математики

Teaching mathematics to primary schoolchildren in the Russian Federation is based on the principles of continuity of educational stages. The article demonstrates the importance of preparing preschoolers to study mathematics, taking into account the current Federal State Educational Standard of Preschool Education, as well as the Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education and the Federal Working Program of Primary Education in this subject. Preschool education is focused on mastering elementary mathematical concepts and forming prerequisites for educational activities. Creating an educational environment in a preschool institution that stimulates play and cognitive activity will help children successfully master mathematical skills. The examples considered in the article show how teaching mathematics at preschool age affects the development of universal educational activities in elementary school.

Peer Rejection and Academic Performance in Early Childhood: The Mediating Role of Special Educational Needs of Spanish Students

Peer rejection occurs at all stages of education, including infant education, and entails serious consequences, both immediately and in the future, in all areas of children’s development. This study aims to gain insight into the link between peer rejection and academic performance, mediated by the presence of special educational needs (SEN). The study involved the participation of 758 students (397 male) in the second cycle of early childhood education (3–6 years old) in Spain who were given a sociometric test to ascertain the sociometric distribution of each classroom. Their teachers were asked to record the academic performance of each student in terms of language, logic-mathematics, psychomotor ability, and overall performance. Teachers were also asked to identify whether or not students had SEN. By applying a multivariate variance analysis (MANOVA) that considered the presence or otherwise of peer rejection and the presence or otherwise of SEN as independent variables, results show that rejected students display poorer academic performance in all areas. The same was also found to be true for those with SEN. As a result, rejected students with SEN are seen to exhibit the poorest academic performance and suffer two-fold stigmatisation.

KUZEY MAKEDONYA TÜRKÇE DERSİ ÖĞRETİM PROGRAMI KAZANIMLARININ YENİLENMİŞ BLOOM TAKSONOMİSİNE GÖRE İNCELENMESİ

This study aims to examine the achievements of the Turkish Language Curriculum for the second stage of primary education in North Macedonia according to the Revised Bloom's Taxonomy. A qualitative research method was used in the study to determine the taxonomic distribution of the achievements of Turkish students living in North Macedonia in learning Turkish as their mother tongue. Data were collected from the Turkish Language Curricula for 4th, 5th, and 6th grades published by the North Macedonian Bureau for Development of Education. The research revealed that the Turkish Language Curriculum relies on factual and conceptual knowledge. However, it was found that metacognitive knowledge is not sufficiently included. In the cognitive process dimension, remembering and understanding were predominant, while applying, analyzing, evaluating, and creating were less represented. The findings indicate that the Turkish Language Curriculum in North Macedonia needs to be updated and enriched. In conclusion, to provide students with a more comprehensive and in-depth learning experience, metacognitive knowledge and higher-level cognitive processes should be integrated into the curriculum. Keywords: North Macedonia, Turkish, Turkish curriculum, Revised Bloom Taxonomy, objectives

AWARENESS ON MENTAL HEALTH AMONG THE STUDENTS OF HIGHER SECONDARY LEVEL: A STUDY

In formal educational system the most important stage of education is the secondary stage. Especially the higher secondary stage can be considered as the gateway of building a better career in the life of any student. All students of this stage feel pressure in their study for securing good marks in the exam. Moreover they feel anxiety as well as stress because of preparing themselves for entrance exams. Apart from these there are so many students which use to face several problems, like- poverty, lack of transportation, gender disparity, parent’s illiteracy, natural calamities and superstitions and so on. So it is very difficult to adjust with these kind of situations along with their heavy pressure of study. Sometime the students of secondary level cannot cope up with such type of overloaded situations. Therefore it is very important to keep their mental health in a sound position so that they can tackle their problems and perform their duties properly. They should know about their mental health problems and they should be aware about the importance of mental health. Especially the students of secondary level need to know the various means of development of their mental health. The present study is aimed at creating awareness about the need and importance of mental health among the students. The objectives are-1. To study the problems of mental health of the students. 2. To study the awareness towards mental health among the students. 3. To study the difference between boy and girl students in mental health awareness.

Sociodemographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of patients treated with high dose rate prostate brachytherapy in Nigeria.

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy in adult males. High dose rate brachytherapy (HDRB) recently became available in the country for the management of localized prostate cancer in addition to other treatment modalities. HDRB offers a less invasive option to radical prostatectomy and also has a better side effects profile. To report the socio-demographic features of the patients treated with HDRB, the clinicopathologic pattern of their disease and possible predictors of these features. A retrospective study of patients with histopathologically confirmed prostate cancer, who had HDRB at the Department of Radiation Oncology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between July 2020 and 2023 was done. Patients' socio-demographic and clinicopathologic characteristics were extracted from their treatment records. A total of 73 patients had HDRB within the period under review. The median age was 66 years (51-78 years). About 40% had prostate cancer diagnosed following routine prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. The median screening PSA was 20.5 ng/mL (5.83-75.35 ng/mL). About a quarter (24.7%) were asymptomatic at presentation while frequency (60.3%), nocturia (45.2%) and urgency (35.6%) were the most common symptoms. The median initial PSA was 26.00 ng/mL (5.10-124.50 ng/mL) and the median PSA before brachytherapy was 6.25 ng/mL (0.03-175.30 ng/mL), the majority (75.3%) had androgen deprivation therapy before brachytherapy. Forty-seven patients (64.4%) presented with TNM stages 1 and 2 while grade group 2 (24.7%) and high risk (76.7%) were the commonest grade group and risk group, respectively. There was a significant association between age group and TNM stage (p = 0.043), level of education (LOE) and TNM stage (p = 0.037) as well as PSA screening and grade group (p = 0.007). The majority of the patients who presented for prostate brachytherapy were elderly, had higher initial PSA, were in the high-risk group and had early-stage disease. About 25% of the patients were asymptomatic at presentation. Patients with tertiary LOE and elderly patients presented more with stage 1 and 2 diseases.

Attributes of Good Faculty as Perceived by Health Professions Students: A Qualitative Study

Background: Diverse perspectives have been documented regarding the attributes of outstanding university faculty members. It is crucial to consider the evolving demands and expectations of students at the University of Medical Sciences, which change with age and educational stages. Extracting students' opinions and expectations can yield valuable insights into the attributes required of faculty members in academic institutions. Objectives: This study aimed to identify health professions students’ perceptions of the attributes of a good faculty member. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted using a conventional content analysis approach. The participants in this study were health professions students (medicine, nursing, midwifery, laboratory sciences, operating room technology, anesthesia, prehospital emergency, pharmacy, dentistry, and health) at Alborz University of Medical Sciences, who were purposefully selected. Study data were gathered by conducting in-depth, face-to-face, and semi-structured personal interviews with 23 students, as well as a group interview with seven students. The data analysis followed the conventional content analysis approach, using the steps proposed by Lundman and Granheim. Results: Study participants’ perceptions of good faculty attributes fell into two main categories: Personality attributes and professional attributes. Personality attributes included appearance and personality traits. Professional attributes encompassed scientific and scholarly qualities, as well as teaching skills. Conclusions: Our findings reveal that study participants placed significant emphasis on both personality and professional attributes when defining good faculty characteristics. Sub-categories such as appearance, personality traits, scientific expertise, and teaching skills emerged as important factors shaping student perceptions of faculty members. This underscores the multifaceted nature of what constitutes an effective faculty member in students' eyes and highlights the importance of cultivating a diverse range of attributes within academia. Future research could delve deeper into each sub-category to refine our understanding of what truly defines effective faculty members.

Molecular prevalence and subtype characteristics of Blastocystis among school children in Hainan, the tropical island province of China

Blastocystis is one of the most common zoonotic intestinal protozoa with global distribution and can cause gastrointestinal syndrome mainly characterized by diarrhea. School children are the main susceptible population. No epidemiological data on Blastocystis among school children in Hainan, the only tropical island province in China. Between March 2021 and June 2023, 1973 fecal samples were collected from school children across three regions in Hainan province. Blastocystis was examined by amplifying the small subunit ribosomal RNA (SSU rRNA) gene via polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and subtypes were identified through DNA sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. The overall prevalence of Blastocystis was 7.3 % (144/1973). The differences in infection rates across different regions, nationalities, and educational stages are statistically significant (P < 0.001). Five subtypes were identified, of which ST3 was the dominant subtype (60.4 %; 87/144), followed by ST1 (27.8 %; 40/144), ST7 (10.4 %; 15/144), ST6 (0.7 %; 1/144), and ST2 (0.7 %; 1/144). 42 known sequences and 15 novel sequences were identified including eight new variations of the ST1 (ST1–16∼ST1–23) with similarities ranging from 98.3 % to 99.78 % and seven new variations of the ST7 (ST7–7∼ST7–13) with similarities ranging from 97.7 % to 99.79 % by intra-subtype genetic polymorphisms analysis. The results evaluate the public health risks of Blastocystis among school children in Hainan and the sources of infection were discussed, providing important basic data for the effective prevention and control of intestinal parasitic diseases in Hainan.

O LÚDICO NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL COMO INSTRUMENTO FACILITADOR DA APRENDIZAGEM

This article aims to highlight some benefits that can be observed with the use of playful activities in the early grades, with early childhood education being an ideal setting for this. As the first stage of basic education, early childhood education seeks the complete development of the child up to the age of 5, in their physical, psychological, intellectual, and social aspects, complementing the role of the family and society. (Art. 29, LDB) The main advantages of using playful activities in lessons as a pedagogical resource include promoting transformations in practice, making it more meaningful and engaging. Children become more motivated to learn, as games and play contribute to the development of various human skills. In this sense, using playful methods in the classroom can be a powerful mediation tool in the teaching and learning process in the early grades, where preschoolers can learn and have fun at the same time, making learning a pleasurable and enjoyable experience.

Трансформация образования: ключевые стратегии для успешной подготовки учителей начальных классов

Currently, the modern challenges and requirements facing the educational system, especially in the context of primary education, are of significant importance in the preparation of a modern primary school teacher. The task of primary school teachers training is of primary concern in the context of these changes. The transformation of education requires a new approach to the professional training of teachers that will meet modern requirements and expectations. One of the key factors influencing the quality of education is primary school teachers training. The study addresses the question of the key strategies needed to successfully prepare primary school teachers in today's educational environment. The research examines such key strategies as using innovative teaching methods, developing competencies in differentiated instruction, and addressing diverse student needs. Emphasis is placed on the importance of teacher professional development, the implementation of the latest educational technologies, and the creation of a supportive learning environment for teachers and students. The role of innovative methods in teacher training is emphasized and attention is focused on the importance of effective learning and development of children at the primary stage of education.

Violence and bullying at school: 10-year data from the Forensic Medicine Department of a University Hospital in Türkiye.

Violence at school is broadly defined as a range of acts including physical, psychological, and sexual violence, as well as bullying. These can occur at school, in the school environment, on the way to school, or in any school-related environment. Considering the school environment as the place where a child spends most of their daily life, its impact on the child's life cannot be underestimated. This study aims to contribute to the literature by sharing characteristics of school violence and bullying cases with forensic reports prepared in our department, and by presenting solution suggestions for detecting and preventing these issues. Between January 1, 2012 and December 31, 2022, a total of 14,330 forensic reports issued by the Dokuz Eylül University Faculty of Medicine, Department of Forensic Medicine, were analyzed. It was found that 125 cases involved school violence. Five cases involving non-students were excluded, leaving 120 student cases for inclusion in the study. Sociodemographic data, type of violence, incident location, educational stage, injury origin, and psychiatric assessment results were assessed. Statistical analysis of the data was performed using the SPSS 29.0 package. Of the 120 cases analyzed, 90 (75%) were male, and 30 (25%) were female. The cases were most frequently subjected to violence at the secondary education stage (n=73, 60.8%) and, secondarily, at the primary education stage (n=36, 30%). When the type of violence was analyzed, it was found that physical violence was the most common (n=96, 80%), followed by sexual violence (n=21, 17.5%). Among these, 91.1% (n=82) of males and 43.3% (n=13) of females were exposed to physical and sexual violence, respectively. A statistically significant relationship was found between the type of violence and gender (p<0.001). Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was the most common diagnosis among those who underwent psychiatric assessments after experiencing violence (n=15, 45.5%). To effectively combat violence and bullying, we believe that strategies based on analyzing the causes of bullying in schools across different cultures, planning and implementing appropriate interventions tailored to the problem area, and preventing recurrence by disseminating the results will yield more effective outcomes.

Feasibility of initiating robotic surgery during the early stages of gastrointestinal surgery education.

Minimally invasive surgery for gastrointestinal cancers is rapidly advancing; therefore, surgical education must be changed. This study aimed to examine the feasibility of early initiation of robotic surgery education for surgical residents. The ability of staff physicians and residents to handle robotic surgical instruments was assessed using the da Vinci® skills simulator (DVSS). The short-term outcomes of 32 patients with colon cancer who underwent robot-assisted colectomy (RAC) by staff physicians and residents, supervised by a dual console system, between August 2022 and March 2024 were compared. The performances of four basic exercises were assessed after implementation of the DVSS. Residents required less time to complete these exercises and achieved a higher overall score than staff physicians. There were no significant differences in the short-term outcomes, operative time, blood loss, incidence of postoperative complications, and length of the postoperative hospital stay of the two surgeon groups. Based on the evaluation involving the DVSS and RAC results, it appears feasible to begin robotic surgery training at an early stage of surgical education using a dual console system.

FACTORS AND CONDITIONS FOR THE EFFECTIVENESS OF STUDENT EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

The scientific article consistently examines the factors and conditions for the effectiveness of a student’s educational activities. The article also substantiates the different approaches of different scientists to the effectiveness of training activities. The scientific article notes that the effectiveness of educational activities at various stages of education depends on a number of factors: for example, the economic and social development of the state, society’s requirements for the educational results of citizens, interest in education, incentives.

A home-based tele-rehabilitation exercise system for patients after knee replacement surgery

BackgroundKnee arthritis is a destructive disorder that affects the knee joints and causes pain and reduced mobility. Drug treatments, weight loss, and exercise control the symptoms of the disease, but these methods only delay the disease process and eventually, knee joint replacement surgery will be needed. After surgery, with the help of a proper physiotherapy program, full recovery takes an average of 6–12 months. However, currently, there is no similar tool to facilitate this process in Iran.ObjectiveThe purpose of this research is to design and develop the prototype of a rehabilitation system for patients after knee replacement surgery, which provides patients with information and appropriate physiotherapy programs.MethodsThis study was development-applied and was done in three stages. In the first stage, the needs and content of education and therapeutic exercises were prepared in the form of a checklist, and then the necessity of each item was checked in the evaluation sessions. In the second stage, the prototype of the system was developed using Adobe XD software and based on the requirements approved from the previous stage. In the third stage, the usability of the program was analyzed from the point of view of experts using the exploratory evaluation method with Nielsen’s 13 principles of usability.ResultsAt first, the system requirements were extracted and prepared in two checklists of content (51 exercises) and capabilities (60 items). Then after a survey of experts based on the Delphi technique, content information (43 exercises) and functional and non-functional requirements (53 items) were obtained. A survey of experts helped to finalize the information elements, categorize them, and prepare the final version of the checklists. Based on this, the system requirements were classified into 11 categories, and the training content was classified into 3 training periods. Finally, the design and development of the system was done. This system has admin, physician, and patient user interfaces. The result of usability showed that this system is efficient and there are only a few problems in the feature of helping users to detect and recover from errors.ConclusionIt seems necessary to develop a system based on the principles of usability by therapists and rehabilitation specialists to train and monitor the remote rehabilitation process of patients after knee joint replacement at home. And the importance of involving stakeholders in the design and development of remote rehabilitation systems is not hidden from anyone. Kara system has all of the above.

Teachers’ Perception of the Gender Gap in STEAM Subjects in Pre-University Stages

The term STEAM (Science, Technology, Engineering, Arts and Mathematics) is associated with a promising pedagogical approach to improve the development of students at different educational stages. Degrees linked to a STEAM approach encourage real-world problem solving through the application of multidisciplinary knowledge. The objective of this research is to analyze the perception of Early Childhood and Primary to Secondary Education teachers on the existence of the gender gap among pre-university students in subjects related to STEAM degrees in Spain. Given the results obtained, it is possible to affirm that according to teachers, there is a gender gap among students in the early educational stages in topics related to STEAM careers, which can mark their future gender gap in university education. Given this scenario, it is necessary to continue researching the possible factors that influence the gender gap in these degrees to understand possible gender inequalities in the educational field. Furthermore, the need to implement educational strategies that promote gender equality in Spain from the first educational stages is highlighted.

A study on occupational aspirations of senior secondary school students of a selected school of Mandi district, Himachal Pradesh

Background: Life is full of struggles and an individual has to face numerous challenging situations where there is need to make right decisions. In the era of advancement of scientific knowledge and gradual development of materialistic outlook, it is believed that education should enable the individual to earn his living. Occupational aspirations in the early years of life influence the vocational choice in the later life, which determine individual’s success in regard to job satisfaction, productivity and adjustment. Hence this study was undertaken with a view to make an attempt to study the occupational aspirations of senior secondary school students of Mandi district. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional survey method was used. A sample of 100 students (50 girls and 50 boys) of senior secondary level (classes XI and XII) was randomly selected from the selected Government senior secondary school. Occupational aspiration scale by Dr. J. S. Grewal was used to collect data for the study. For data analysis, percentage, mean, standard deviation and t-test were used. Results: Majority, i.e., 76% senior secondary students were found to have average occupational aspiration level. No significant difference was found in occupational aspiration level between urban and rural senior secondary students. Conclusions: Majority of senior secondary students were found to have average occupational aspiration level, thus highlighting the importance of guiding the students from secondary education stage towards selection of a right career according to their occupational aspirations.

Профессиональное самоопределение в контексте непрерывного образования

&lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;The article is devoted to the problem of professional self-determination of schoolchildren in the field of pedagogical activity. It is shown that this self-determination occurs in the process of lifelong education, which at each age stage creates conditions for the development of professional orientation of schoolchildren. The stage of pre-professional (pre-university) pedagogical education includes preschool childhood, takes place at school, ends with the choice of a profession, its main task is to develop interest in the teaching profession, identify and form pedagogical abilities. The stage of professional education helps the student to accept the requirements of the profession. The stages of mentoring and postgraduate education allow the teacher to find deeper meanings in the field of professional activity. The positive role of creating pedagogical classes at school is noted in order to provide students with more directed psychological preparation for choosing a teaching profession and more meaningful admission to a pedagogical university. Some proposals have been formulated for a program that ensures the educational process in teaching classes.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;

The Application of Situational Teaching Method in Middle School English Reading Classes

With the deepening of the new curriculum standards and quality education in the secondary education stage, secondary school English teaching no longer only focuses on students’ English grades and vocabulary reserves, but also emphasizes the cultivation of students’ English application ability. English reading is an important part of middle school English education. In order to improve the quality and effectiveness of middle school English reading teaching, teachers should use emerging teaching methods such as situational teaching to further stimulate students’ interest and enthusiasm in English learning. This article will analyze the application value and principles of situational teaching methods in middle school English reading classes and explore the application strategies of situational teaching methods in middle school English reading classes.

Correct Organization and Problems in the Process of Building the Subject-Developmental Environment in the Kindergarten through the Lens of the Competence Approach

In the present work, the influence and stages of the correct organization of the subject-developing environment and its connection with the competence approach in the process of forming the key competences among children in kindergarten are traced. The scientific research reveals the basic principles and stages that are embedded in the fundamental structure of building the subjectdevelopmental environment, as well as the advantages of the competence approach included in the learning process in the preschool stage of education. Models of the types of developmental environments in preschool education are proposed, as well as the stages of building the subject-developmental environment in preschool education. Opinions on the subject are summarized and recommendations are given for the organization of the subject-developmental environment.