Educational Seminars Research Articles

Native and foreign healthcare workers' knowledge of appropriate use of antibiotics: a prospective pre-post study in Danish nursing homes.

The aim was to determine the association between healthcare workers' (HCWs) country of birth and their knowledge of appropriate use of antibiotics, and whether the association changed after an educational intervention. Older residents in nursing homes have been recognized to receive excessively antibiotic treatments. HCWs often represent an important link between the older resident and the general practitioner prescribing the antibiotics, thus their knowledge of appropriate use of antibiotics is important. This study was conducted as a prospective pre-post study. Totally, 312 HCWs from 7 nursing homes in Denmark were included. For statistical analyses, χ2 test and a linear mixed regression model were applied. Native HCWs were more likely to have a higher percentage of correct responses to single statements related to knowledge of appropriate use of antibiotics. Native HCWs had a significantly higher knowledge-of-antibiotic score compared to foreign HCWs (-7.53, P < 0.01). This association remained significant after adjusting for relevant covariates (-5.64, P < 0.01). Native HCWs' mean change in knowledge-of-antibiotic score after the intervention did not differ from the foreign HCWs' mean change in knowledge-of-antibiotic score. Our findings indicate that HCWs born outside Denmark reveal a lower knowledge-of-antibiotic score than HCWs born in Denmark despite comparable educational backgrounds. All participants increased their knowledge from baseline to follow-up. Our findings also indicate that an educational seminar cannot equalize the difference in knowledge between native and foreign HCWs. Studies with larger sample size and a more detailed measurement of cultural identity should investigate this association further.

Educational Seminars (Surgical Seminars; “How I Do It”)

Educational Seminars (Surgical Seminars; “How I Do It”)

Changes in Teachers Beliefs towards Language of Teacher Training Students in Vocational Education

Language is essential for (subject) learning. Positive attitudes of teachers are assumed to be influential factors for language promotion, e. g. with regard to responsibility, language sensitivity and the appreciation of multilingualism. We investigate to what extent an educational science seminar in vocational education and training brings about changes in attitudes in this respect. The collection of data via questionnaires (Fischer et al. 2018) in a pre-post design took place in teacher training courses in vocational education. The results show that the intervention has prepared or strengthened an awareness of the link between language and subject, however the responsibility for language promotion and attitudes towards multilingualism have not changed significantly.

レギュラトリーサイエンス (RS) 分野教科担当教員会議の概要と東京薬科大学におけるRS教育 (講義とゼミナール) の一例についての紹介

レギュラトリーサイエンス (RS) 分野教科担当教員会議の概要と東京薬科大学におけるRS教育 (講義とゼミナール) の一例についての紹介

Awareness of Jeddah population about alarming signs of post-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage

Background: Road traffic accidents are considered to be a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in many countries. Therefore, this cross-sectional study aimed to measure the awareness of the Saudi population in Jeddah about the alarming signs of post-traumatic intracranial hemorrhage and the importance of early presentation. Methodology: A cross-sectional study using an electronic survey questionnaire consisting of 41 questions was conducted in Jeddah for a period of 6 months. The general attitude and awareness of the public toward head injuries were assessed. Results: Data were collected from 310 participants, in which 156 (50.3 %) were male and 154 (49.7%) were female. Findings showed that 56.1% of the people were aware of head injuries. Almost 30% (as a family relative not including the mother) suggested that more education was required about head injuries. Around 208 participants did not know that they should not to drink water after a head injury. Conclusion: There is a need to raise the level of public awareness about head injuries. Many educational awareness campaigns, programs, and seminars are required to build a background of proper actions after head injuries.

Assessment of knowledge and attitude toward generic drugs among interns and residents in tertiary care teaching hospital

Background: Costly health-care expenditure is a serious concern in overall worldwide health-care system. Increased usage of generic medicines can improve affordability of the health-care delivery system without compromising the quality. However, prescribing pattern of generic medicine has always been a matter of controversy, as there has been discrepancy regarding generic medicine selection amongst doctors. The assessment of doctor’s perceptions and knowledge about generic medicines can help in recognizing possible barriers to better generic medicine usage. Aim and Objective: The aim of the study was to evaluate knowledge and attitude toward generic medicines among resident and intern doctors at tertiary care teaching hospital. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional, observational, questionnaire-based study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in Gujarat. Pre-validated, self-developed questionnaire was distributed in the form of Google document to assess knowledge, attitude, and prescribing pattern of generic drugs among interns and residents. Appropriate statistical tests were applied for analyzing collected data. Results: A total of 223 candidates responded comprised 124 interns (55.6%) and 99 residents (44.4%). Out of total respondents, 42 (18.9%) respondents agreed to the statement that “generic drugs have more side effects as compared to branded drugs,” whereas 71.3% agreed that they would recommend generic drugs for specific chemoprophylaxis. Conclusion: Majority of doctors found to be having good knowledge and positive attitude toward usage of generic drugs. Majority of doctors found to be having good knowledge and positive attitude toward usage of generic drugs, nevertheless, accountable number of doctors found to be lacking knowledge in regulatory and technical aspects of pharmacokinetic and bio-equivalence parameters of generic drugs. An educational program or seminars should be conducted to enhance the knowledge of and promote the practice of generic medicines in tertiary care teaching hospital.

Satisfaction of General Versus Specialized Continuity Clinic in Hematology Oncology Fellowship Training: A Survey.

Background:At the University of Florida (UF), hematology-oncology (HO) fellows participate in 2 general types of continuity clinic as part of their fellowship training. One clinic, at the Veterans Hospital (VA), allows fellows to care for patients with a variety of hematology oncology diagnoses in a general clinic setting. The other clinic, located at the university site, is disease or system specific (such as breast or GI clinic). Considerable research supports the value of continuity clinic in residency and fellowship training, but the differences in having a general versus specialized clinic for HO fellows have not been explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the perceived differences of general versus specialized continuity clinics by recent HO graduates from UF. Specifically, we were interested in learning which features of a continuity clinic they felt were most impactful for their current clinical practice.Methods:An anonymous survey was sent to the last 6 graduating classes of HO fellows at UF, between years of 2013 and 2018. The survey contained short demographic questions, followed by 5 open ended questions pertaining to the differing continuity clinic experiences. Graduates were asked about their opinions of both the general and specialized clinics during their training at UF. Survey responses were reviewed and coded for common themes by the authors.Results:Of 28 graduating fellows surveyed, 13 responded to the survey (response rate 46%). In thematic review of survey responses, the most common themes that emerged concerned autonomy, level of supervision, and the diversity of the patient population. A majority of respondents felt they had more autonomy and personal responsibility at the VA general clinic, but less direct supervision than at the specialized clinics. They also believed they got a broader exposure to different disease types at the VA general clinic. Surveyed participants also commented on the quality of educational seminars and activities, preceptor expertise and teaching, and ability to observe cutting edge practice and clinical trials.Conclusions:Graduated oncology fellows from UF believe that there is a balance that exists between having autonomy and ownership of their patients versus having adequate supervision. Many believe that having “controlled autonomy” and “as much independence as is safe for patients” is key to a meaningful continuity clinic experience during oncology fellowship training.

COVID-19 Vaccination Education App(1)

Background: The World Health Organization (WHO) said the situation in India was a "devastating reminder" of what the coronavirus could do. India shifts from mass vaccine exporter to importer, worrying the world. Every country needs to vaccinate its citizens faster, vaccination can reduce viral load. This results in vaccination that can reduce transmission, preventing serious illness and death'. Therefore, Countries with higher levels of vaccination can prevent them from becoming "Second India". Malaysia want to find out if the COVID-19 vaccination campaign is inefficient or people are afraid of taking it, or they lack information on how it works. The study, published at Asian Journal of Psychiatry, COVID-19 anti-vaccine movement and mental health: Challenges and the way forward [Ramdas Ransing et all, 2021] recommend Innovative programs: to improve community acceptance, innovative programs should be developed. Therefore, it is important to develop an app that can promote the COVID vaccine to the public. The purpose of this app is to provide sufficient information and scientifically based research evidence to educate citizens of any country, especially Malaysians, to ensure that the COVID vaccination can get a high response. The app is also open to anyone who uses it to educate others so that information can be shared more quickly.Methods: A survey was conducted to find the main reasons for refusal to register for the COVID-19 vaccine. Then, fishbone diagrams and Pareto diagrams were used to determine the reasons for refusal to register for the COVID-19 vaccine and effectively prioritized the main reasons. Determine through targeted solutions to certain reasons, use Pareto chart to determine what percentage of the problem can be solved. Because 74% of people worry about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine. Therefore, this application must provide scientific research evidence that proves that vaccination is safe and effective. The app also shows that vaccination can reduce viral load, so it can reduce the spread of COVID-19 and prevent hospitalization and death. In addition, the app also provides the results of a comprehensive calculation of Pfizer BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine, which is 95.55% effective after fully vaccinated for Malaysian medical workers. Results: This application must be designed to solve at least 73.38 % of the problems to enable 70% of the Malaysian population to develop herd immunity. Because 74% of people worry about the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine. This means that by addressing those goals that question the safety and effectiveness of the vaccine, the app can already enable 70% of the Malaysian population to develop herd immunity. In any case, this application aims to solve 96% of the problems, as shown in the Pareto chart. In addition, past infections can provide 83% protection within five months, so it will also help develop herd immunity. From the calculation of the comprehensive calculation of Pfizer BioNTech’s COVID-19 vaccine efficiency, it can be seen that about 12 medical workers were infected every day before vaccination, but only about 1 medical workers was infected every 2 days after complete vaccination. This can convince those who question the effectiveness of vaccination.Conclusions:2 App have been developed for educate public the important of COVID-19 vaccination. App raise public awareness of the importance of COVID-19 vaccination(4) can visually see countries where vaccination is slow and it is difficult to control the spread of COVID-19. This is what is happening in India now. COVID-19 vaccination education App(1) is to provide sufficient information and scientifically based research evidence to educate citizens of any country, especially Malaysians, to ensure that the COVID-19 vaccination can get a high response COVID-19 vaccination Education seminars are needed to expose false information. Provide accurate COVID-19 vaccination information to the public. This ensures that the public makes the right decision.The app can be obtained for free via this link i) Windowshttps://peter-chew.itch.io/covid19vaccinationeducationapp1windowspeterchewii) Androidhttps://peter-chew.itch.io/covid19vaccinationeducationapp1peterchew

Preface

National Physical Education Seminar (SNPF) 2020Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarmasin, Indonesia31 October 2020The National Physical Education Seminar (SNPF) 2020 was organized by the Physics Education Study Program, Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Universitas Lambung Mangkurat (ULM) in collaboration with the Physical Society of Indonesia (PSI), South Kalimantan branch. The SNPF covers several fields of study, including strategy, models, methods, media, and evaluation in learning physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, physics research results, artificial intelligence, future science development, and general education.The theme raised was “Strengthening Education Based on Local Wisdom in Developing Creativity and Competition in the Era of Society 5.0”. This seminar is a scientific forum that is very appropriate for sharing and disseminating research results and the best contribution in facing the Era of Society 5.0 without leaving aspects of local wisdom, which are actually great opportunities for this nation.On behalf of the committee, we would like to thank the Chancellor of Universitas Lambung Mangkurat, Dean of the Teacher Training and Education Faculty, Head of the Mathematics and Natural Sciences Major, advisory board, steering committee, all committee members, reviewers, presenters, and participants. Special thanks are also given to the Proceedings of the IOP Conference. We, on behalf of the SNPF 2020 committee, would like to thank all parties for their participation in supporting this publication. We hope to see you all at the next conference.List of Committee Members, Photographs, Logos are available in this pdf.

The effectiveness of the cadaver-based educational seminar for trauma surgery (C-BEST) for residents

To assess the effectiveness of the cadaver-based educational seminar for trauma surgery (C-BEST) for residents using a 10-point self-assessment of confidence levels (SACL) survey. We collected data, including SACL for 21 surgical skills and an evaluation of the contents before, immediately after, and half a year after the seminar, from 42 seminars conducted between January 2013 and March 2019. On comparing SACL results from evaluations at the three time points using statistical analysis, a p value of &lt;0.05 was obtained. We enrolled 412 participants; of the 52 residents, 47 respondents were included in the study. Improvements in all skills were observed on comparing SACL before and immediately after the seminar (2.2 ± 2.6 vs. 5.3 ± 2.5; p &lt; 0.001), but a decrease was observed between immediately after and half a year after the seminar (5.3 ± 2.5 vs. 4.9± 2.7; p &lt; 0.01). Upon examining the results according to each skill, SACL did not decrease between immediately after and half a year after the seminar (p &gt; 0.05). The most performed procedure was left anterior thoracotomy and aortic clamp (n = 13), and the number of residents majoring in surgery increased from 27 to 32 half a year after the seminar. C-BEST boosts more self-confidence of the participating residents immediately after the seminar. Although this effect is not maintained half a year after the seminar, many participants practiced their skills after the seminar. Therefore, C-BEST is useful for residents with little surgical experience; this may also inspire the residents to major in surgery.

Repeated participation in the cadaver-based educational seminar for trauma surgery (C-BEST) could maintain training effects: skill retention at a 2-year follow-up

Although the effectiveness of cadaver surgical training has been clarified, the decline in training effects over time has become a problem. This study examined whether repeated participation in cadaver-based educational seminar for trauma surgery (C-BEST) could suppress the decline in training effects. Basic and advanced C-BEST have pelvic package (PP) and fasciotomy of the lower extremity (FLE) as common training skills. For participants of these skills twice each, we examined the changes in a 10-point self-assessment of confidence levels (SACL) at six time points: (1) before the seminar of basic C-BEST, (2) immediately after basic C-BEST, (3) half a year after basic C-BEST, (4) before advanced C-BEST, (5) immediately after advanced C-BEST, and (6) half a year after advanced C-BEST. Data were collected from 28 basic C-BESTs and 5 advanced C-BESTs conducted from January 2013 to January 2020. Statistical analysis was performed by comparing SACL results from seminar evaluations at the six points, with significance at P &lt; 0.05. A total of 60 participants were enrolled (postgraduate year, 16.5 ± 5.7). The interval between basic and advanced C-BEST was 27.1 ± 6.9 months. In PP, the SACL did not decrease at all six points. In FLE, SACL did not decrease at all six points, had a greater increase before versus immediately after advanced C-BEST, and did not decrease thereafter (P &lt; 0.05). After participants retook the seminar, FLE-like procedures, which are unfamiliar to nonorthopedic surgeons, had increased and maintained self-evaluation values, whereas PP-like procedures, which are familiar to abdominal surgeons, had maintained high self-evaluation values. Therefore, repeated seminar participation could maintain the effects of cadaver training.

Intergenerational Technology Transfer: Enhancing African American Older Adults' Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Self-Management.

African American older adults are twice as likely to have diabetes than White older adults. Little is understood of African American older adults' self-efficacy in using technology to support recommended chronic disease self-management. Our objective was to describe the feasibility of using a community-based health education session that used intergenerational technology transfer to promote use of technology to support self-management. The team designed a health and technology education session then measured its impact on African American older adults' self-efficacy for using technology to support self-management. The community-based participatory research approach informed the study design which duplicated the sessions at the two study sites, in Detroit and Flint. We conducted a health education seminar in which older adults with diabetes shared insights on living with diabetes with younger adults they selected from their personal networks. The younger adults showed older adults how to access health information on smartphones. The sample included African American older adults (aged ≥50 years; n = 39) and younger adults (aged 18-49 years; n = 26). All participants showed improvements in self-efficacy for following recommendations for diet (i.e., preparing healthy meals [p = 0.0179]) and healthy diet behavior [p = 0.0044]) and physical activity (i.e., decrease in effort to exercise [p = 0.0185]), and for six of seven items, which measured confidence in using technology for self-management (e.g., using technology for health [p = 0.0002]). Findings provide foundational observations to inform evidence-based healthy aging interventions that use technology. Future research should explore the efficacy of community-based health education sessions with intergenerational technology transfer designed to support self-management.

Multicomponent Interventions Against Frailty.

The prevention and management of frailty imply the delay of functional decline. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the adoption of multicomponent interventions, usually incorporating nutrition and physical activity strategies targeted to age-related risk conditions like frailty and sarcopenia (1). The protocol published by Low et al. (2) is based on a 4-month program including a combination of group exercise (1 hour, once a week) and the prescription of home-based exercises, together with group-based educational seminars (i.e., six sessions) on nutrition. As outlined in the manuscript, the beneficial effects of nutrition and physical activity as strategies to prevent and manage frailty are well established. However, a challenge in delivering nutritional education programs to older people is represented by the difficulty in motivating persons at acquiring new dietary habits because of multiple reasons (e.g., sociocultural, economic, or clinical issues). The personalization of the interventions may represent an effective strategy to promote these changes (3).

THE PROBLEM OF PROFESSIONALISM DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHERS OF THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE IN THE THEORY OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCE

The review article highlights the state of research on the problem of the development of professionalism of teachers of Ukrainian language and literature in modern pedagogical theory. It was found out that in pedagogical theory, there are no holistic studies of the problem of developing the professionalism of teachers of the Ukrainian language and literature in formal and non-formal education. However, there is a range of thorough scientific works, which define the essential professional competencies of the teacher-vocabulary, substantiate their essential characteristics, determine the component structure (general professional, linguistic, literary, methodological, cultural competence, etc.).Emphasis is placed on the development of professionalism of a teacher of philology in the context of non-formal education. The most effective forms of teacher professionalism in the process of formal education are internships (full-time and online), pedagogical internships, advanced training courses in non-formal education institutions, problem lectures and seminars, work of problem groups of teachers, participation in scientific conferences, pedagogical discussions and debates, pedagogical readings, webinars, etc.The author's definition of the term "professionalism of a teacher of the Ukrainian language and literature" is substantiated. The author's definition of the term "professionalism of a teacher of the Ukrainian language and literature" is substantiated. Analysis of research on the formation and development of professional competencies of teachers of Ukrainian language and literature made it possible to justify the author's definition to define the professionalism of a teacher of philology as an integrative set of professional qualities, including values to their profession, aimed at improving professional knowledge research, analytical, creative, communicative skills), provides a focus on continuous professional development and self-development, the formation of the ability to gradually assess their own professional activities, psychological attitudes to self-improvement in formal, non-formal and informal education.

Contribuições à pós-graduação lato sensu em Educação Ambiental do Instituto Federal Fluminense sob o olhar do ensino, pesquisa e extensão

O curso de pós-graduação lato sensu em Educação Ambiental do Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense (IF Fluminense) completa em 2019 quinze anos de criação. Nesse período o IF Fluminense vem integrando as ações no tema nas três premissas definidas para a Universidade Federal pela Constituição Federal de 1988: ensino, pesquisa e extensão. Visando contribuir com a educação ambiental produzida neste recorte lato sensu são apresentados três produtos pelas abordagens: “Ações”, “Registro” e “Perspectivas”. Nesse sentido foram desenvolvidos respectivamente os eventos Seminário de Educação Ambiental Fluminense (SEA Fluminense) e II Mostra de Educação Ambiental do IF Fluminense campus Campos Centro (8 a 11 de julho de 2019); a produção do livro “A educação ambiental lato sensu no Instituto Federal Fluminense: quinze anos de produção acadêmica - Série Artigos – Volume 1”; e a “Carta de Educação Ambiental Fluminense – 2019”, documento final do SEA Fluminense. Considerando as diversas marcas comemorativas pelo IF Fluminense em 2019, celebrar e propor sobre a educação ambiental fortalece a relação do instituto com a sociedade pela construção de uma melhor condição socioambiental de vida.

Academic mentoring projects between disadvantaged children and students. A method for the preparation of students for inclusive school settings

AbstractFuture teachers agree to meet a pupil once a week to engage in cultural, social and educational activities within the framework of two mentoring projects conducted at the University of Kassel. The students are supported at the University by an educational science seminar and by professional supervision (Garlichs et al., 2000; Heinzel et al., 2007). At the end of the project the students write a case study. Since 2015 these projects are part of PRONET, a government-funded bundle of various projects in the field of educational research, located at the University of Kassel, which are part of the nation-wide research initiative “Qualitätsoffensive Lehrerbildung”. This initiative aims at the improvement of teachers' education regarding inclusion by continuous evaluation of the projects. The mentoring projects promote students' inclusive attitude by stimulating their reflexive and cooperative skills and by raising their awareness for habitus-sensibility. Previous research has shown that mentoring projects can, for example, facilitate teachers' acceptance of heterogeneity of childhood experiences by providing insights into different social environments and by improving reflection on prejudices and stereotypes (Kottmann, 2014; Maas, 2007; Wenzler-Cremer, 2016). Following these findings, the actual research focuses on which kind of reflection students use and if they develop or strengthen inclusive orientations. With regards to data analysis, the qualitative content analysis of the case study is accompanied by sequential interpretation of audio statements, which the students produce at three points in time during their mentoring year. First results show that different kinds of reflection take place, that the students get confronted with inclusive and exclusive inconsistencies, and that they begin to reconceptualize ideas about normality.

Louisiana Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program: Analysis of Learning Outcomes From Dementia Training

A recent Alzheimer’s Association report noted that by year 2050, the number of Americans diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD) will triple to over 15 million. The report referred to primary care as the front line for meeting this demand, yet the nation faces a severe shortage of ADRD trained, primary care professionals (PCPs). Louisiana Geriatric Workforce Enhancement Program (LA-GWEP) addresses this demand. The purpose of this study was to examine preliminary data respective to LA-GWEP effectiveness with interdisciplinary education and training seminars, primarily aimed at medical, nursing, and social work PCPs. Three seminars were conducted in south Louisiana: Seminars 1 and 2 addressed effective communication, verbal and nonverbal, among persons with ADRD and caregivers; Seminar 3 offered basic overview of dementia symptomology, stages, and behaviors. Pre- and post-training session data were collected on-site. Participants completed questionnaires that included a 10-item knowledge assessment and 20-item Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS). These measures contained Likert response formats; higher scores indicating greater levels of ADRD knowledge, in patient and caregiver contexts. Paired sample t-tests were conducted to observe any significant pre-to-post improvement, Cohen’s d for effect size. Seminar 1 revealed no significant pre-to-post difference: t = -1.019, p = 0.320. Adjusting content from audience feedback, Seminar 2 revealed significant pre-to-post difference: t = -7.516, p < .001, Cohen’s d = 1.2. Seminar 3 yielded significant improvement on DAS scores: t = -2.96, p < .01, Cohen’s d = 0.34. Implications for seminars in future years of LA-GWEP are discussed.

Nutrition Education Seminars for Prostate Cancer-Diet and Prostate Program: Evaluation and Recommendations (DAPPER Study).

Nutrition is important for prostate cancer (PCa) care as it may influence PCa progression and risk of comorbid diseases. The aim of this pilot study was to assess changes in knowledge and satisfaction in men with PCa following attendance at a nutrition education seminar. Fifty-two men with PCa attended nutrition education seminars instructed by a Registered Dietitian. Participants completed the Revised General Nutrition Knowledge Questionnaire (GNKQ-R) preseminar and 2 weeks postseminar, along with a satisfaction survey. Increased nutrition knowledge was observed through a significant (P = 0.023) improvement in mean scores of 71.6% (P < 0.005) preseminar compared with 79.3% (P < 0.005) postseminar on the GNKQ-R. Participants reported the seminar as a satisfactory method for meeting their diet information needs. Using thematic analysis 3 themes emerged: importance of diet information, desire for an integrative approach, and the value of group learning. This pilot study found that a group nutrition education seminar may be an effective and satisfactory approach to fulfilling the dietary information needs of this population. Group education may be an economically sustainable approach with potential application in other tumour sites or health conditions.

The Effectiveness of Improving the Performance of Teachers of Islamic Religion Education Through Teacher Certification Programs in Sma / Smk In Bogor District

This research is motivated by the phenomenon that the effort to improve the quality of education at the senior secondary level is the teacher's performance. With good teacher quality, the learning process can take place in a quality manner, which in turn leads to quality output. One of the efforts to improve the performance of Islamic Education teachers is the provision of certification allowances for Islamic Religious Education teachers to improve their performance, which has been low so far. On the other hand, the certification of teachers for Islamic Religious Education at the SMA / SMK level is also very important, given the limited limitations of the government in appointing teachers as Civil Servants, so that the existence of teacher certification can be an alternative in an effort to improve teacher welfare. This study generally aims to obtain an overview of the certification program, implementation, evaluation, constraints and future solutions in improving the performance of SMA / SMK Islamic Religious Education teachers in Bogor Regency. The specific objectives of the study were to determine the objectives and programs, implementation, evaluation, constraints and solutions in the future to improve the performance of Islamic Education teachers of SMA / SMK in Bogor Regency through optimization of the PAI teacher certification function. This research uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive analysis method. Data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation study. The results showed that the improvement of the performance of PAI SMA / SMK teachers in Bogor Regency through the teacher certification program has been implemented, and has had an optimal impact. This is shown, among others, by the level of teacher discipline in implementing learning at least 24 hours a week, being active in participating in training activities, workshops and educational seminars and improving the welfare of Islamic Education teachers. However, improving teacher performance is still constrained by both internal and external constraints. Internal constraints include low understanding, skills and motivation to carry out their main tasks and functions as educators. Meanwhile, the external obstacle is that the supervision of principals, supervisors and related agencies is still not optimal in an effort to improve teacher performance. The recommendations of this study include: the government needs to finance the implementation of the Teacher Professional Improvement program, apply strict discipline by making regulations for certified teachers, and the existence of cooperation between various parties in encouraging the teacher certification program. This is done by implementing strategic management in planning, implementing, evaluating and supervising the effectiveness of the certification program.

PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES TO PREVENTION OF EXTREMISM IN THE HIGHER EDUCATION SYSTEM

Modern youth and the student community today play a key role in the development of social and social life. Due to the peculiarities of the university space, the student community is in constant interaction and communication, both in the framework of the educational process and events of various formats, and in social and everyday conditions. In the context of interactions, this social group, which is most at risk of spreading negative ideologies that threaten not only the personal security of everyone, but also peaceful coexistence in the conditions of a multinational society in Russia. In the absence of educational measures as a prevention, an unfavorable environment arises in which it is very easy to influence the thinking of young people, their involvement in nationalist movements, extremist activities, etc. Hence the concept of «youth extremism» appears, which is manifested in the views and behavior of young people based on the manifestation of aggression and non-acceptance of dissenters. The search for new technologies of psychological support that allow to form cultural tolerance, value orientations and prevent the spread of extremist ideologies becomes relevant. The authors consider a set of measures that contribute to the generalization, dissemination, as well as the introduction into the student environment of the best practices of spiritual and moral education, the development of interethnic and interreligious dialogue, and the prevention of negative ideologies. To implement these tasks, it is necessary to form a pool of specialists in the prevention of extremism in the student environment, hold seminars and meetings for vice-rectors of universities on security and educational work, as well as educational seminars for managers of student organizations. This will make it possible to form leadership student associations that broadcast the values of cultural tolerance to the youth environment.