Aimed at the poor recognition effect of current educational robots on objects with complex shapes and colors and the single design of related experiments, this paper proposes a robot teaching instrument. The robot adopts a servo motor with an encoder, a drive, and a variety of sensors to realize a motor current loop, speed loop, position loop, and closed-loop control functions. Three experimental schemes were designed: a PID adjustment experiment, a robot obstacle avoidance and object-grasping program writing experiment, and a complex object recognition experiment based on cascade classifiers. The robot is conducive to improving students' self-initiative ability, deepening their understanding of PID closed-loop control, multi-sensor fusion, and deep learning knowledge. It can improve students' programming ability, enabling them to effectively combine theory and practice, as well as to comprehensively apply professional knowledge.