Educational Inputs Research Articles

Knowledge and attitude regarding the COVID-19 pandemic among healthcare workers at a medical college and hospital in South India

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has provided multiple challenges within the health-care sector. There is an urgency to rapidly update and prepare all staff members not only for effective patient care but also decrease risk of occupational exposure. Earlier studies conducted indicate that non-physicians, non-nursing staff may possess significant lacunae within the required knowledge base. Aims and Objectives: We decided to study knowledge and associated attitude among healthcare workers at our hospital to enable further policies regarding awareness programs. Materials and Methods: We provided 104 employees (front desk, housekeeping, pharmacists, security, and technical staff) with a validated questionnaire to assess knowledge and attitude regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square test for association, and logistic regression analysis were conducted to analyze the results. Results: About 69.2% of respondents demonstrated a good knowledge level while positive attitude was obtained in 74% respondents. Higher education and profession (technical staff) showed a trend in determining a good level of knowledge. Less than 80% score in the attitude section was associated with the source of information being newspaper (P = 0.02) and peers/family (P = 0.014). Logistic regression analysis with multiple independent factors indicated increased age (>33 years), security, housekeeping, and pharmacy-related work as risk factors for a poor level of COVID-19 related knowledge. Conclusions: The knowledge score and attitude regarding COVID-19 is satisfactory within the hospital staff. Increased educational input involving the housekeeping, security, and pharmacy staff may improve COVID-19 related knowledge.

Impact Assessment of Devolution Paradigm in Primary Education Sector: Policy Initiatives and Budgetary Allocations in Punjab Province

The study aims to empirically testify the devolution intervention in the budgetary allocations of the primary education sector of the Punjab province. It addresses the question; whether devolution intervention has an impact on primary education policy and input indicators or not? This study is based on Content Analysis to derive a meaningful conclusion about policy interventions. The budgetary interventions are verified by Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and Descriptive Discriminant Analysis (DDA) to measure the impact of devolution intervention. The analysis shows that there is no mere shift in policy initiatives and budgetary allocations. However, the primary education sector is relatively better as compared to the pre-devolution period but still, a lot of interventions are required for further improvement.

How to execute Context, Input, Process, and Product evaluation model in medical health education.

Improvements to education are necessary in order to keep up with the education requirements of today. The Context, Input, Process, and Product (CIPP) evaluation model was created for the decision-making towards education improvement, so this model is appropriate in this regard. However, application of this model in the actual context of medical health education is considered difficult in the education environment. Thus, in this study, literature survey of previous studies was investigated to examine the execution procedure of how the CIPP model can be actually applied. For the execution procedure utilizing the CIPP model, the criteria and indicators were determined from analysis results and material was collected after setting the material collection method. Afterwards, the collected material was analyzed for each CIPP element, and finally, the relationship of each CIPP element was analyzed for the final improvement decision-making. In this study, these steps were followed and the methods employed in previous studies were organized. Particularly, the process of determining the criteria and indicators was important and required a significant effort. Literature survey was carried out to analyze the most widely used criteria through content analysis and obtained a total of 12 criteria. Additional emphasis is necessary in the importance of the criteria selection for the actual application of the CIPP model. Also, a diverse range of information can be obtained through qualitative as well as quantitative methods. Above all, since the CIPP evaluation model execution result becomes the basis for the execution of further improved evaluations, the first attempt of performing without hesitation is essential.

Devastating impacts? Investigating ‘edu-quality’ discourse in early childhood policy and its implications

ABSTRACT Within the broad landscape of early childhood education and care politics and policies, calling quality reform into question is a political act. As numerous scholars have pointed out, policy structures that measure and identify what constitutes quality (and what does not) are not value-free and reflect neoliberal human capital economic agenda whose effects are rapidly changing early childhood work. This paper investigates how quality reform in the early childhood sector has reinvigorated historical distinctions between early education and early care to elevate early education as ‘quality’ via standardisation and systematisation regimes. Drawing on the Australian context as a local example relational to the global, the paper theorises that ‘edu-quality’ discourse and agenda problematically constructs early care work as intertwined with but also separate from early education inputs and outputs, attributing it unequal import and impact. The paper concludes by emphasising the need for sector stakeholders and advocates to challenge the ontological and epistemological distinctions and conflations that underpin edu-quality politics and policies.

Forgotten equity: The promise and subsequent dismantling of education finance reform in New York State

This study examines the impact of court-ordered finance reform in New York State resulting from Campaign for Fiscal Equity v. State of New York on equity of inputs using synthetic controls. The findings herein indicate court mandated education finance reform in New York had little to no impact on equity of educational inputs despite an overhauled education finance system intending to distribute more state funding based on student need. In the period during and following the Great Recession, the State of New York chose to cut districts’ foundation aid, a form of aid designed to be distributed progressively, halting any improvement in equity. Had funding been distributed to districts according to the foundation formula that was specified by the education finance reform legislation passed in 2007, high poverty districts would have received more funding and disparities in funding across districts with similar characteristics would have been reduced. I also show that other forms of aid, which are regressively distributed, could have been cut instead of foundation aid, allowing for more funding to flow to high poverty districts in a time of fiscal constraint.

Child cash benefits and family expenditures: Evidence from the National Child Benefit

AbstractIncome may improve child outcomes through two mechanisms: as a direct input into health and education, or indirectly, by reducing household financial stress. We exploit policy‐induced changes in refundable tax benefit income in Canada to study these two potential mechanisms. Our findings suggest that additional income may improve outcomes through both mechanisms: some benefit income is spent on direct education inputs, while some is spent on everyday items likely to improve the general conditions children face. Additionally, some families reduce spending on risky behaviour items. Spending responses to benefit generosity appear to vary by income and by child age.

The Efficiency of Public Spending in Basic Education in School Districts in Ecuador

This paper assesses the efficiency of spending in basic education among school districts in Ecuador using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The analysis presented here uses administrative data on educational inputs and per-pupil spending to quantify how much school districts in Ecuador can generate, with these inputs, education outputs; notably, student learning and progression rates. Results indicate that school districts in Ecuador are quite efficient at maintaining children in the education system, but not so much at ensuring their learning. Indeed, results indicate that school districts in Ecuador could improve their capacity to assure student learning (as proxied by results from their national learning assessment) by 10 to 15 percent without investing additional resources. These results are particularly relevant since fiscal savings in Ecuador started to deplete quickly since 2015, making it hard for the country to sustain its levels of social expenditure.

When Investor Incentives and Consumer Interests Diverge: Private Equity in Higher Education

AbstractWe study how private equity buyouts create value in higher education, a sector with opaque product quality and intense government subsidy. With novel data on 88 private equity deals involving 994 schools, we show that buyouts lead to higher tuition and per-student debt. Exploiting loan limit increases, we find that private equity-owned schools better capture government aid. After buyouts, we observe lower education inputs, graduation rates, loan repayment rates, and earnings among graduates. Neither school selection nor student body changes fully explain the results. The results indicate that in a subsidized industry, maximizing value may not improve consumer outcomes.Authors have furnished an Internet Appendix, which is available on the Oxford University Press Web site next to the link to the final published paper online.

Politics of Education

This article aims to dissect education political thinking in Indonesia regarding policies built for the advancement and Development of Indonesian community education quality. The educational policy that is still flavoured with capitalist and structuralist makes the pattern of education only produce human mapping in certain groups and strata of science. The approach used in this writing is literature research, with a data analysis technique in the form of content analysis with the aim of obtaining valid inference and can be re-examined based on its context. In the results of the study of education policy in Indonesia, there are several objectification for the changes in the strata policy to find their own identity as an institution that produces human resources. The need to change the centrality of educational patterns with generalities based on human resource capabilities and infrastructure availability. Using patterns of active theory, a view that emphasizes the observation of educational inputs collectively where the most important angle to be considered by the educational policymakers is the process of personal maturity of the students who must be facilitated, of their needs and be guided towards maturity.

An examination of educational inputs with the data envelopment analysis: The example of ICILS 2013

The aim of this study was to determine how efficiently different countries, comparatively, use educational inputs, which are considered to affect information and communication technology literacy. The study was designed using the survey model. The study was conducted with data belonging to 21 countries participating in the International Computer and Information Literacy Study (ICIL) 2013. The data of this study were grouped as educational inputs and educational outputs. The educational inputs were the ratio of school size and teachers, the ratio of school size and number of computers, the ratio of school size and number of computers available for students, the ratio of school size and number of computers with access to internet/World Wide Web, and the ratio of school size and number of smartboards. The educational outputs were determined by the average student grades obtained in ICILS 2013. The data were analysed with data envelopment analysis. The research results revealed that relatively, Australia, Canada (Newfoundland and Labrador, Ontario), Denmark, Korea, and Norway were the countries with total efficiencies. It was determined that with the exception of the Czech Republic, all the countries without total efficiencies had the characteristic of increasing returns to scale. According to the projections that were put forward for countries to become totally efficient, the most reduction recommendations were received for the inputs for ratio of school size and teachers by Argentina (Buenos Aires); for ratio of school size and number of computers, ratio of school size and number of computers available for students, and ratio of school size and number of computers with access to internet/World Wide Web by Turkey; and for ratio of school size and smartboards by Thailand. That is to say, these countries were the ones least able to use these inputs efficiently.

Validation of an informatics tool to assess resident\u2019s progress in developing reporting skills

BackgroundDiagnostic radiology residency programs pursuits as main objectives of the development of diagnostic capabilities and written communication skills to answer clinicians’ questions of referring clinicians.There has been also an increasing focus on competencies, rather than just education inputs. Then, to show ongoing professional development is necessary for a system to assess and document resident’s competence in these areas.Therefore, we propose the implementation of an informatics tool to objectively assess resident’s progress in developing diagnostics and reporting skills. We expect to found decreased preliminary report-final report variability within the course of each year of the residency program.ResultsWe analyzed 12,162 evaluations from 32 residents (8 residents per year in a 4-year residency program) in a 7-month period. 73.96% of these evaluations belong to 2nd-year residents.We chose two indicators to study the evolution of evaluations: the total of discrepancies over the total of preliminary reports (excluding score 0) and the total of likely to be clinically significant discrepancies (scores 2b, 3b, and 4b) over the total of preliminary reports (excluding score 0).With the analysis of these two indicators over the evaluations of 2nd-year residents, we found a slight decrease in the value of the first indicator and relative stable behavior of the second one.ConclusionsThis tool is useful for objective assessment of reporting skill of radiology residents. It can provide an opportunity for continuing medical education with case-based learning from those cases with clinically significant discrepancies between the preliminary and the final report.

REVITALISASI SEKOLAH BERBASIS BUDAYA MUTU

Today, every school is oriented and competing to demonstrate the existence of school quality to meet the needs and expectations of society. This is also the main trigger of school management innovation to make schools more qualified, so schools that are considered qualified by the community will increasingly in demand, otherwise the ordinary quality school will be increasingly abandoned. In the context of education, quality includes inputs, processes, and outputs. The three elements are interconnected. That is, to produce a quality educational output, influenced by the process of education, and quality education process will be able to produce better output if supported by the input of quality education as well. Schools can be said to be of quality if the inputs, processes and output of education can meet the requirements demanded by users of education services, both internal and external. In this case, school quality management is the ability of schools to utilize educational resources both human and non human resources to improve the ability of inputs, processes and outputs of education to meet the requirements demanded by users of education services (stakeholders).

Analysis of Provision of Education Infrastructure and Its Challenges in Ethiopia, The Case of Gimbi Town Primary Schools (Oromia Region)

Education is one of the most infrastructures, which is a prerequisite to the socio-economic and environmental development of a country. The objective of this study was to examine the status of the provision of quality education, identify problems hindering its provision and ultimately to suggest some intervening strategies to improve its provision. The study was conducted to meet the stated objectives and hence to do so, 125 teachers’ respondents were randomly selected to provide detail information. Moreover, 30 individuals whose day to day activities are related to education were purposively selected to provide further information. In short, 155 respondents were selected, which were expected to provide information relevant to the intended objective of the study. Moreover, the existing educational infrastructure, the styles of services provided and existing facilities in Gimbi town were observed. The result of the study reveals the existing demand is not proportional to the expected educational services and facilities. There is shortage of adequate schools, classrooms, instructional materials, teaching aids, well qualified and committed teachers and financial resources that limited access and coverage of the primary schools. Weak institutional capacity, population growth due to rapid urbanization, low stakeholders’ participation, lack of motivation particularly of teachers and directors, lack of skilled manpower, inadequacy of educational facilities and above all lack of financial resources contributed a lot for the inadequate provision of educational services in the study area. These problems led to high dropout and repetition rate, poor quality of education and above all, poor academic performance. To improve this conditions, the study has come up with the possibilities of allocating adequate financial resources, constructing additional schools and classrooms in some of the existing primary schools, employing skilled manpower, improving access and the quality of education and involving all stakeholders as partners of the local government so as to improve the coverage and quality of educational services and facilities in Gimbi town primary schools. Keywords: Education, Educational Inputs, Educational Quality, Education Infrastructure, Instructional Materials, Primary Schools, Standard. DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-25-01 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

Role of Systems Approach in Education

This paper purposes the definition, characteristics, steps, advantages of systems approach and connection of system approach with education. The systems approach was much prevalent in technological, commercial and administrative working systems. The first ever application and development of this concept was done in the field of mechanics and military science, and later, it influenced much physiology and ideologies in sociological and educational sciences. The etymological meaning of the term 'system' is the combination of such things which are controlled and operated by a continually running interaction or mutually dependent processes. A system is an extensive process which includes many concepts in a systematic manner. Any system has the following four basic elements or parameters: Input, Process, Output, and Environment. The systems approach is a team works in which specialists of different subjects (as science, engineering, mathematics, statistics, economics, politics, sociology, accountancy and behavioral sciences) work together. Education, as a system, comprises of evaluation of students, teachers, curriculum, content and instructional objectives in the form of different elements. In the systems approach of education, in the interaction of all these elements, the teaching-learning process is considered responsible for communication and control. In this context, the educational system is formed of teacher, student and instructional programme and a specific type of interaction pattern is developed. The systems approach is becoming more and more important in the field of education too. The educational systems functions for the accomplishment of its specific goals in every nation, and is influenced by the super social system. Education gets all its inputs, outputs, resources and obstacles from the society. The educational system is evaluated in the context of social system. There are several sub-systems in a system, such as educational management, educational administration, educational guidance etc. Under the systems approach, the above eight steps can be adhered to effectively control the entire educational process and educational input, and thus other related educational problems can be solved. In the educational field, the systems approach is an important means to organize and determine different programmes for the better training and development of teachers and students. Keywords- Systems, Approaches, Education DOI : 10.7176/JEP/10-23-15 Publication date : August 31 st 2019

Service marketing mix as input and output of higher and technical education

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships of service marketing mix (SMM) as service input and service output in terms of students’ performance, satisfaction and referral act in context to higher and technical education (HTE) through the application of structural equation modeling.Design/methodology/approachA quantitative research, conducted through a self-administered survey composed by a closed-ended structured questionnaire, was incorporated for the students who were enrolled in the technical educational institutions situated in the Khandesh region of India.FindingsThe findings of this study revealed that traditional SMM is statistically linked with the performance of students in terms of skill and knowledge enhancement, satisfaction and referral act of students, which are perceptible new emerging SMM; performance, pleasure and pointing out in terms of service output.Practical implicationsIntegrating SMM as service input and service output are productive for HTE in enhancing growth (quantitatively) by the inclusivity of diversified students and development (qualitatively) by enhancing their performance for global standing, making them satisfied and motivating them for recommending their institution to others. This integration can be utilized as a yardstick by the institutions for staying ahead in students’ market with a distinctive competitive advantage.Social implicationsGrowth and development of HTE will raise a society’s quality of life and thereby increase a country’s socio-economic status.Originality/valueThe study has exhibited SMM as input and output of a service system that is useful for the growth and development of HTE. The measurement tool presented is effective in (re)framing policies on SMM as service input based on desired service output.

Service Marketing Mix As Input and Output of Higher and Technical Education: A Measurement Model Based on Students' Perceived Experience

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationships of service marketing mix (SMM) as service input and service output in terms of students’ performance, satisfaction and referral act in context to higher and technical education (HTE) through the application of structural equation modeling. Design/methodology/approach: A quantitative research, conducted through a self-administered survey composed by a closed-ended structured questionnaire, was incorporated for the students who were enrolled in the technical educational institutions situated in the Khandesh region of India. Findings: The findings of this study revealed that traditional SMM is statistically linked with the performance of students in terms of skill and knowledge enhancement, satisfaction and referral act of students, which are perceptible new emerging SMM; performance, pleasure and pointing out in terms of service output. Practical implications: Integrating SMM as service input and service output are productive for HTE in enhancing growth (quantitatively) by the inclusivity of diversified students and development (qualitatively) by enhancing their performance for global standing, making them satisfied and motivating them for recommending their institution to others. This integration can be utilized as a yardstick by the institutions for staying ahead in students’ market with a distinctive competitive advantage. Social implications: Growth and development of HTE will raise a society’s quality of life and thereby increase a country’s socio-economic status. Originality/value: The study has exhibited SMM as input and output of a service system that is useful for the growth and development of HTE. The measurement tool presented is effective in (re)framing policies on SMM as service input based on desired service output.

Education Input，Transaction Costs and Regional Income Disparities

As pointed out at the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the principal contradiction between unbalanced and inadequate development and the people’s ever-growing needs for a better life faced by the Chinese society has multi-dimensional characteristics. The regional income disparity is an important part of the contradiction. In this paper, transaction costs in the New Economic Geography Theory are endogenous and introduced into the general equilibrium framework, and the main contradiction leading to the unbalanced regional development in China is explored theoretically and tested empirically. The impact of education input on alleviating regional income disparities is also discussed. The results show that: First, the main cause of regional income disparities is transaction costs, rather than human capital accumulation and even industrial agglomeration. Second, when transaction costs are endogenous, there is a consistent conclusion based on the Neoclassical Economic Theory and the New Economic Geography Theory, that is, increasing education input can not only promote the flow of workers among regions, but also reduce transaction costs by promoting technological progress, thereby improving regional income disparities. Thirdly, there is no spatial heterogeneity of education input in alleviating regional income disparities, which can be regarded as a Pareto improvement. However, the impact of education input on alleviating regional income disparities varies at different education stages. In contrast, the effect of the basic education input is more significant. To sum up, increasing education input is an effective way to realize the strategy of coordinated regional development proposed by the 19th National Congress and to ease the principal contradiction in economy and society.

Ward round accreditation: an innovative quality improvement project to develop and improve the existing medical ward round at Warrington Hospital

Medical ward rounds have long been considered the centrepiece of inpatient care. They provide an opportunity for high quality, safe, multidisciplinary patient review while facilitating shared decision making, patient flow and important educational input. Variation in ward round structure is

Manajemen Peningkatan Mutu Pendidikan Berbasis Sistem Kredit Semester di SMA

This study describes comprehensively improving the quality of education (inputs, processes, outputs and outcomes) through management of improving the quality of education based on the Semester Credit System. An educational innovation that refers to the provision of facilities to students who have talent and intelligence above the average in order to be able to master many lessons in a short span of time. The implementation of the Semester Credit System program at SMA Negeri 3 Purwokerto has the aim of optimizing the development potential of students and being able to improve the quality of education comprehensively. This study uses a combination method (mixed exploratory sequential method). Data collection by observation, interview, documentation and questionnaire. Data analysis is done by giving meaning to the data collected, from the meaning of the data the authors draw conclusions. The results showed: (1) Management of improving the quality of education based on the Semester Credit System includes: planning, organizing, implementing and monitoring (2) The results of the management of improving the quality of education include: students and parents of students are satisfied, the quality of education increases as seen from the increase in academic achievement and non academic student.

Iterative Design and Pilot Testing of the Developing Talkers Tiered Academic Language Curriculum for Pre-Kindergarten and Kindergarten

Curricula are one of the most widely used educational inputs, yet few are developed and evaluated scientifically with a dearth of programs targeting academic language. This manuscript describes an iterative approach to the development of a tiered academic language curriculum supplement for prekindergarten (pre-K) and kindergarten (K) students. A series of four studies were conducted to iteratively design the curriculum following a framework for developing research-based curriculum; however, we modified the framework to focus on efficiently preparing a curriculum for large-scale use by teachers with diverse competency levels. Findings from the first three iterative design studies include the benefit of overdevelopment to retain only the strongest content and the need to consider both beginner and more advanced teachers as end users. Results of the final pilot (N = 1,193 students) show strong effects on taught vocabulary words (pre-K: d = 1.29; K: d = 0.84). Teachers had positive responses to the curriculum, but they did not generalize use of research-based practices during a transfer task (shared book reading lesson). Implications for developing curriculum are discussed.