Education Experts Research Articles

Applying ChatGPT to tackle the side effects of personal learning environments from learner and learning perspective: An interview of experts in higher education.

This paper investigates the capacity of ChatGPT, an advanced language model created by OpenAI, to mitigate the side effects encountered by learners in Personal Learning Environments (PLEs) within higher education. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with six professors and three Information and Communication Technology (ICT) experts. Employing thematic analysis, the interview data were assessed, revealing that the side effects stemming from the learner and learning perspectives could be primarily categorized into cognitive, non-cognitive, and metacognitive challenges. The findings of the thematic analysis indicate that, from a cognitive standpoint, ChatGPT can generate relevant and trustworthy information, furnish personalized learning resources, and facilitate interdisciplinary learning to fully actualize learners' potential. Moreover, ChatGPT can aid learners in cultivating non-cognitive skills, including motivation, perseverance, self-regulation, and self-efficacy, as well as metacognitive abilities such as self-determination, self-efficacy, and self-regulation, by providing tailored feedback, fostering creativity, and stimulating critical thinking activities. This study offers valuable insights for integrating artificial intelligence technologies to unleash the full potential of PLEs in higher education.

Proposing A Protocol Schemata for Developing Web-Based Question Item Bank for Summative Assessment

Introduction: This study aims to propose a protocol schemata for developing a web-based question item bank (QIB). It can be developed by educational experts in collaboration with assessment experts. These protocol schemata propose all the security and safety features required for developing QIB. Methodology: The prevailing procedures for paper setting at educational boards in Pakistan and their need to establish QIB were studied. Available web-based QIBs and their features were also studied. The knowledge gained was utilized for research and development for proposing some protocol schemata for developing a secure and comprehensive web-based QIB. Results/Findings: The studies of prevailing procedures for paper setting and features of available QIB software led the researchers to propose a protocol schemata essential for establishing QIB for examining bodies. They need to ensure security measures and propriety rights to save their QIBs from hacking. Future Direction: The proposed schemata can be helpful in establishing a web-based QIB software having multiple types of question items developed as per Bloom’s Taxonomy cognitive and difficulty levels. It may be multilingual, and mathematical equations and scientific notation supported. It can ensure security from hacking when kept offline after development.

Education Funding and Sustainable Development Goals in Public Senior Secondary Schools in Akwaibom State of Nigeria

This study examined the relationship between education funding and sustainable development goals in public senior secondary schools in AkwaIbom State. Two research questions and two hypotheses were formulated to guide the study. The study adopted the correlational design, using 142 school principals determined through multi-stage procedure and simple random sampling technique as sample from the population of 251 principals of the 251 public senior secondary schools. The instruments for data collection were Education Funding Scale (EFS) and Sustainable Development Goals Scale (SDGS) which were validated by educational experts with reliability coefficients of 0.91 and 0.89 respectively, determined through Cronbach’s Alpha Statistics. Research questions were answered with Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation (r) while hypotheses were tested with corresponding test of significance of correlational coefficient (r) with special zr-test at 0.05 level of significance and at 140 degree of freedom for two-tail test. The findings of the study revealed a positive and high relationship between government sector education funding and sustainable development goals, and private sector education funding and sustainable development goals. There is a high and positive relationship between education funding and sustainable development goals in public senior secondary schools in AkwaIbom State. Thus, funding enhances sustainable development goals. Based on the findings, the study recommended that, the government of AkwaIbom State should increase its budgetary provision for the education sector in order to match its words with actions and sustain the current high relationship between the variables of study. The private sector should always partner with the government in the funding of public secondary schools for an increased and sustained development in the sector and to maintain the current high tempo between the variables of study.

How to promote students to share more knowledge with peers?

Education experts are trying to encourage students to contribute knowledge among them through online peer assessment so as to enhance the understanding of knowledge. As an online knowledge community, peer assessment will also fail due to the reluctance of students to return the favor and share knowledge. Many studies on this topic have highlighted the importance of contribution of knowledge for students which forms a virtuous feedback loop for the impression of knowledge. However, it is unclear how what influences its development. Motivated by this, this study explored why students contribute knowledge to others through online peer assessment. Empirical panel count data were collected from Peer review platform. The results from a negative binomial regression model with user fixed effects indicate that student’s peer recognition and organization interaction have a positive impact on his knowledge-contribution behaviors. The findings can help guide the development and operation of peer assessment.

Integrating behavioral assessment in instructional design for competency-based medical education.

As institutions continuously strive to align with the standards set forth within competency-based medical education, there is an increased need to produce evidence of learner achievement in the form of observable behaviors. However, the complexity of healthcare education and clinical environments make it challenging to generate valid and reliable behavioral assessments. In this article, we utilize our interdisciplinary knowledge from the perspectives of experts in medical education, assessment, and academic administration to provide tips to successfully incorporate behavioral assessments into instructional designs. These include tips for identifying the best assessment methods fit for purpose, guiding instructors in establishing boundaries of assessment, managing instructors, selecting raters, generating behavioral assessment guides, training raters, ensuring logistics support assessment strategies, and fostering capacity for iteration. These can be used by institutions to improve planning and implementation for longitudinal behavioral assessments.

A135: Challenges and Strategies of Physical Fitness Course in Primary and Middle Schools

Purpose: Developing students’ overall competencies and physical health is an important goal of physical education and health curriculum (PEHC). PEHC Standards for Compulsory Education (2022) and PEHC Standards for Senior High Schools (2017) both designate Physical Fitness as a required course to achieve this goal. To date, it’s not clear about how the course has been implemented and its effectiveness. Therefore, this study was to identify problems associated with teaching Physical Fitness courses in primary and middle schools in China and to propose strategies for an improved implementation. Methods: First, the literature from CNKI, East China Normal University Library was extensively collected and analyzed. Second, to learn about the current status of Physical Fitness teaching in the primary and middle schools, experts in physical education and Physical Fitness teaching were interviewed. Results: The problems of Physical Fitness teaching in some primary and middle schools are as follows: (1) the course only focuses on the development of students’ motor abilities, ignoring healthy behavior and sportsmanship; (2) the course only contains skill explanation and demonstration, failing to teach principles, knowledge and methods of physical fitness development; (3) some Physical Fitness courses lack scientific and systematic implementation; (4) a number of physical education teachers lack the knowledges and abilities to teach the course; and (5) limited instructional resources, including lack of textbooks, for teachers to prepare lessons. Conclusion: To solve the problems identified above, we propose the following strategies: (1) The Physical Fitness course should focus on developing students’ overall competencies; (2) teachers include explanations of general principles, knowledge and methods for physical fitness development; (3) develop scientific and systematic Physical Fitness course content and methods; (4) increase physical education teachers’ knowledge and abilities of teaching Physical Fitness course; and (5) write textbooks suitable for the Physical Fitness course in the primary and middle schools.

Qualitative expert evaluation of an educational intervention outline aimed at developing a shared understanding of cross-border healthcare.

Although cross-border healthcare benefits many patients and healthcare professionals, it also poses challenges. To develop a shared understanding of these opportunities and challenges among healthcare professionals, we designed an educational intervention outline and invited experts in healthcare and education to evaluate it. The proposed intervention was based on theoretical principles of authentic, team, and reflective learning. Experts (N=11) received a paper outline of the intervention, which was subsequently discussed in individual, semi-structured interviews. Based on a thematic analysis of the interviews, we identified 4 themes: 1) using the experience you have, 2) learning with the people you work with, 3) taking the time to reflect on the past and future, and 4) adapting the intervention to its context. According to the experts, the proposed intervention and its three underlying principles can enhance a shared understanding of cross-border healthcare. To unlock its full potential, however, they suggested adjusting the application of learning principles to its specific context. By situating learning in landscapes of practice, the intervention could contribute to the continuous development of cross-border healthcare.

Modeling the Productivity of Human Resources with an Emphasis on Social Capital with the Approach of Learning Organizations in the Country's Higher Education

The purpose of the current research is to find a model of human resources productivity with an emphasis on social capital with the approach of learning organizations in higher education of the country. The current research is mixed and in terms of its purpose, it is of the type of basic-applied research and in terms of the method of collecting information, it is of the survey type. The statistical population of the current research will be all experts of higher education in the country, including management professors. who were selected purposefully, using the method of the number of questions in structural equations, 280 people were selected for the quantitative part and 17 university experts were selected for the qualitative part. In order to collect data, thematic analysis method was first used by interview, after confirming the questions by confirmatory factor analysis, the questionnaire was used to conduct the quantitative part of the research. Content validity was used to determine the validity of the questionnaire, and after compiling the final questionnaire, the expertise of university professors and experts was used to determine the content validity. that the questionnaires were approved. In order to analyze the data in the qualitative part, thematic analysis method, interviews and manual coding were used, and in the quantitative part, Smart PLS3.3 and SPSS22 software including confirmatory factor analysis tests were used. The findings of the research show that in the qualitative part, 45 factors were identified in 3 organizational, individual and environmental dimensions. And after analyzing the confirmatory factor and confirming the validity and reliability of the research questions in the quantitative part, the pattern and research questions were confirmed. One of the most important factors in the progress of an organization is the productivity of human resources. In today's changing and complex conditions that govern the economic, social, political, etc. environment, one of the factors that can help the survival of the organization is the issue of productivity, so human power has always played a significant role in the efficiency of organizations.

Factors Influencing Food Choices and Self-Efficacy on Healthy Consumption Practices among Secondary School Students in Ekiti State, Nigeria

Background: This study examined the factors that influence food choices and self-efficacy on healthy consumption practices among secondary school students in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The study determined the relationship among personal factors, environmental factors, traditional factors and economic factors, and self-efficacy among secondary school students. Methods: The descriptive survey research design was used for this study. The population for this study consisted of all students in public secondary schools. A sample of 600 students was selected from the public secondary schools, using a multistage sampling procedure involving simple, stratified, purposive, proportionate, and systematic random sampling techniques. A self-developed structured questionnaire was used as an instrument for the collection of data. The instrument was subjected to face and content validity which was done by experts in Human Kinetics and Health Education, and Tests and Measurement. It gave a reliability coefficient of 0.89 using Cronbach Alpha to test for internal consistency and this was considered high enough. The data obtained for the study were subjected to descriptive statistics of frequency counts, percentages, mean and standard deviation while inferential statistics of t-test, multiple regression, ANOVA and ScheffePosthoc analysis were used to test the hypotheses. Results: The findings revealed that the level of self-efficacy on healthy consumption practice was moderate among secondary school students; there existed positive and significant relationship between personal factors, environmental factors, traditional factors and economic factors and self-efficacy on healthy consumption practices among secondary school students. Age of students has significant influence on environmental factor, traditional factor and economic factors as factors influencing food choices but has no significant influence on personal factor influencing food choices as well as self-efficacy on healthy consumption practices among secondary school students. Conclusions and recommendations: Based on the findings, it was recommended that proper sensitization should be given to students on the types of food that is good for their health to enable them to make rightful choice in food consumption. Government should be encouraged to support the parents of secondary students in providing food subsidy in order to reduce economic barriers to self-efficacy on healthy consumption practices among secondary school students.

Exploring the Antecedents and Consequences of Job Satisfaction among Private University Teachers: A Qualitative Study

This study aimed to explore the antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction among private university teachers. In other words, the main purpose was to conduct an in-depth investigation into the factors influencing teachers' job satisfaction and the resulting outcomes. This study employed a qualitative research approach and conducted in-depth interviews with 20 teachers to explore the antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction among private university teachers. A semi-structured interview checklist was developed, meticulously translated, reviewed by five teacher educators recognized as experts in qualitative research methodology and teacher education, and edited based on the feedback from the experts. The findings show that the antecedents of job satisfaction can be categorized into individual conditions and organizational conditions. Individual conditions include personality traits such as conscientiousness, agreeableness, openness, extraversion, neuroticism, and individual cognitive self-efficacy. Organizational conditions include perceived organizational support, including support from management leadership, colleagues, and students, etc. This study was conducted in a specific context, with specific participants. Most research on job satisfaction is quantitative, whereas this qualitative study explores the antecedents and consequences of job satisfaction from the private university teachers' perspective. Some of these aspects have not been mentioned in any relevant research.

Exploring the Effectiveness of Two Tiers System of Instruction on Students’ Academic Performance in Basic Science

This study explored the impact of learner-instructor-interaction and conventional lecture methods on students’ academic performance in basic science in junior secondary schools in Lagos State Education District V, Nigeria. A non-randomized pre-test, post-test, non-equivalent quasi-experimental research design in two intact classes which comprised of 117 students with 50 in experimental group and 67 in control group from two randomly selected junior secondary schools in Amuwo-Odofin zone of the district was used. While students in the control group completed course assignments individually, students in the treatment group completed the assignments in small groups which enable effective students-instructor-interaction. Students’ Academic Performance Test (PAPT) and Students’ Attitude Questionnaire (SAQ) which were validated by two experts in science education with reliability of 0.79 and 0.87 were used for data collection. Analysis of Covariate (ANCOVA) was used to analyze the null hypotheses at 0.05 level of significant. The results of the study revealed that learner-instructor has a statistically significant effect on students’ academic performances [F(1,115)=14.16; p<0.05; ɳ2=0.54]. Students working collaboratively achieved significantly higher than those working individually. Finding also shows that student-instructor fostered a statistically significant positive attitude among learners [F(1,115)=0.58; p<0.05; ɳ2=0.41]. Further finding revealed no statistically significant effect of learner-instructor interaction on students’ academic performance and attitude based on school type. According to the study’s findings, it is advised, among other things, that learners should be taught utilizing the three-tier system of instruction in order to improve their knowledge in terms of students’ learning results. The study concluded that learner-instructor-interaction had an impact on students’ academic performances to retention. These shows that students ‘academic performance is improved through learner-instructor interaction. This study recommends among others that, students should be taught through learner-instructor interaction in order to promote academic performance.

Revision of task description of educational development centers and educational development offices: Toward performance improvement.

In recent years, educational development centers (EDCs) have evolved among universities from a marginal to a strategic aspect. The present study aimed to achieve an applicable task description at two levels of basic and quality improvement for EDCs and educational development offices (EDOs). This research used the triangulation method. Initially, the current condition of EDCs across the country was evaluated with an electronic questionnaire in 2019. In the second phase, the modified Delphi method was used in two rounds with purposive sampling and a researcher-made questionnaire. The research participants were from all of the country. In the RAND technique, an electronic questionnaire was sent to 14 experts in medical education. After the analysis, the results were discussed, and the questions were answered again. We determined frequency and used content analysis. The task descriptions containing basic and quality improvement have been developed in three main sections: Organizational communication of EDCs and EDOs for policymaking; organizational structures, organizational charts, and the budget of EDCs and EDOs; and developmental roles of EDCs and EDOs (curriculum policies, curriculum development, blended learning, community-oriented), faculty development, evaluation (student assessment, faculty evaluation, program evaluation, accreditation), research (educational research, educational scholarship, innovative educational designs, events), and students (student committee, talented students). The task description guidelines have been prepared with 68 articles in basic and quality improvement and three main sections, including organizational communication of the EDCs and EDOs, organizational structures, the budget of the EDCs and EDOs, and their development roles.

Girls, education and climate crisis in Pakistan: From ‘what-connects’ to a sense of ‘self’ and education after the 2022 floods

Girls’ education has been understood as an issue pendulating between the girls as a subject and their socio-economic conditions. Countries such as Pakistan have historically struggled to ensure equal access and quality of education to girls, who have been made even more vulnerable in the wake of recent crises like the 2022 floods. In the absence of adequate state support, the potentialities of community as social support need to be considered. In this paper, we seek to centre girls’ experiences of constructing the meaning of their desire for education rooted in the networks of social relations and connections, without losing sight of the structural constraints that were exacerbated after the floods. This paper asks the question: how are girls in Pakistan experiencing intersectional issues of education after the devastating 2023 floods?This paper, focused on three flood affected villages in Pakistan, explores educational access and exclusion as a collective experience of girls and their communities. A qualitative multi-method design was utilised, including interviews and informal group-discussions with girls, male and female community members as well as experts (in education, health, and politics). The findings follow a temporal sequence, i.e., looking at the legacies of girls’ exclusion from educational opportunities pre-dating the floods, the post-flood devastation and then, the experiences and emerging potential of relationality. It is argued that such crises require appropriate support from the state and community levels, whilst also urging a deeper engagement with how girls’ aspirations for education contribute to a process of self-enrichment amidst a crisis.

Developing an adaptive learning platform based on artificial intelligence (AI) to personalize the learning experience

This study explores the development and user experience of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based adaptive learning platform to personalize the learning experience. The main objective of the study is to elucidate the factors that influence the success of platform implementation and evaluate its impact on learning personalization. Through qualitative research methods, including in-depth interviews, observations, and document analysis, data was collected from stakeholders such as developers, teachers, and students. The results show that close collaboration between technology, education, and user experience design experts is a key factor in platform development. Users appreciated the platform's personalization and interactivity, and pointed out some areas for improvement. This research makes an important contribution to expanding understanding of the development and deployment of AI-based adaptive learning platforms, as well as its impact on personalization of learning experiences. The research results provide practical suggestions for applying AI in education and provide direction for future research in this field.

Development and Validation of a Supplemental Learning Resource in Chemistry in Conversational Filipino

Insufficiencies in effective learning materials, poor English comprehension, and abrupt shift to alternative learning modalities are a few of the many possible root causes of low proficiency levels of students in science. To address such a problem, a supplemental learning resource in selected topics in Chemistry written in conversational Filipino was developed and validated for Senior High School non-science students. Two research designs were employed, namely, the Research and Development (R&D) design for the development and expert validation of the material, and a QuasiExperimental design for the end-user validation of the material. Since a modified validation tool was used, five science and education experts assessed the validation tool and rated it to be valid to a very great extent. Another set of five science and curriculum experts, using a reliability-tested modified validation tool, rated the learning material to be valid to a very great extent in terms of objectives, content, language use, instructional characteristics, acceptability, and usability. Non-randomly selected thirty-eight students from an intact class in a Senior High School in Tarlac City were split-halved into control and experimental groups and were administered the pre-test and post-test to establish the effectiveness of the learning material. Pre- and post-tests scores, along with their gain scores, were analyzed using a tTest. While results showed that there was still an increase in their performance regardless of the use of the supplemental material, it was also revealed that the administration of the supplemental material significantly increased students’ performance as compared to its non-supplementation. It is therefore recommended that the integration of local community language in learning materials should be considered as an effective way of contextualizing and deepening the understanding of students in science lessons.

The Impact of Cl4STEM Online Community of Practice on Science and Mathematics Teachers’ Knowledge and Professional Development in Nigeria

Connected Learning for STEM (CL4STEM) is an innovative teacher capacity-building project piloted in Nigeria. It aimed at science, technology, engineering, and mathematics teachers’ capacity building to foster higher-order thinking with inclusion and equity (HOTIE) in their classroom practices. It adopted a model of mobile-based communities of practice (CoP) as one of the strategies for CL4STEM teacher professional development. Hence, this study investigated the impact of the CL4STEM project online CoP on science and mathematics teachers’ subject matter knowledge, pedagogical content knowledge, and professional practice for achieving HOTIE in their classrooms. The study adopted a survey research design involving documentary content analysis and a one-group pre-test-posttest design to collect qualitative and quantitative data to achieve the objectives of the research. The population of the study was all science; biology, chemistry, and physics teachers in senior secondary schools in selected states in Northern Nigeria. Purposive sampling was used to select one newly qualified biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics teacher per subject area from twenty sample schools in the population, thus a target sample size of 80 science and mathematics teachers, 20 each per subject. Content analysis of the module reports and evaluation of lesson plans were used to obtain qualitative data on the science and mathematics teachers’ CoP practices and professional learning. The Pre-test and post-test on the teachers’ subject matter knowledge and pedagogical content knowledge were the instruments for quantitative data collection. The instruments were validated by the project consultant and science and mathematics education experts. Four research objectives and four corresponding research questions guided the study. Descriptive statistics, descriptive content analysis, and descriptive narrative were used to analyze the data. The study revealed that online CoP has remarkably impacted teachers’ subject matter and pedagogical content knowledge and professional development.

An innovative curriculum development experience: Emergency Medical Dispatch role in the Healthcare Transformation Vision of Saudi Arabia

Background Healthcare medical dispatch systems play a fundamental role in the daily operations of prehospital services. This includes facilitating the interpretation of various dispatch-related systems, receiving incident calls, categorizing cases, guiding proper resources deployment, and providing proper instructions before the arrival of healthcare providers. Considering the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia's (KSA's) health sector transformation plan as part of Vision 2030, developing an Emergency Medical Dispatch (EMD) Program as part of essential prehospital services will allow rapid and competent healthcare delivery. In this study, our purpose is to describe the curriculum development of the EMD Program to improve the training of dispatchers and to share the experience in the interest of better prehospital dispatch systems. Methods A selected group of education experts and academics in emergency medical services dispatch were assigned to develop an EMD curriculum over six months. This study aims to describe the approach followed in developing an innovative EMD Program to share the experience and ultimately standardize dispatch-related training programs. The data of this study was collected by reviewing approved documents of the EMD Program including program curriculum, syllabus, logbook, and exam blueprint after approval letters were received from the Health Academy, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties. Results The development of the EMD program utilized a consecutive mixed approach starting with a competency-based with backward design method to ensure the achievement of targeted outcomes followed by the Kern Six-step curriculum development model, namely: (1) problem identification and general need assessment; (2) targeted need assessment; (3) goals and objectives; (4) educational strategies; (5) implementation; and (6) evaluation and feedback. This resulted in four comprehensive modules and seventeen competencies in interpreting various dispatch systems, prioritizing incidents, deploying proper resources, and providing pre-arrival instructions throughout the fourteen-week EMD Program. Conclusion As part of the health sector transformation plan in KSA, EMD services play a fundamental role in the daily operations of prehospital healthcare services. Developing an EMD Program with a consecutive mixed approach might improve the current operations of EMD services.

Patient knowledge in anaesthesia: Psychometric development of the RAKQ-The Rotterdam anaesthesia Knowledge questionnaire.

The transition from in-person to digital preoperative patient education requires effective methods for evaluating patients' understanding of the perioperative process, risks, and instructions to ensure informed consent. A knowledge questionnaire covering different anaesthesia techniques and instructions could fulfil this need. We constructed a set of items covering common anaesthesia techniques requiring informed consent and developed the Rotterdam Anaesthesia Knowledge Questionnaire (RAKQ) using a structured approach and Item Response Theory. A team of anaesthetists and educational experts developed the initial set of 60 multiple-choice items, ensuring content and face validity. Next, based on exploratory factor analysis, we identified seven domains: General Anaesthesia-I (regarding what to expect), General Anaesthesia-II (regarding the risks), Spinal Anaesthesia, Epidural Anaesthesia, Regional Anaesthesia, Procedural sedation and analgesia, and Generic Items. This itemset was filled out by 577 patients in the Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, and Albert Schweitzer Hospital, Dordrecht, the Netherlands. Based on factor loadings (≥0.25) and considering clinical relevance this initial item set was reduced to 50 items, distributed over the seven domains. Each domain was processed to produce a separate questionnaire. Through an iterative process of item selection to ensure that the questionnaires met the criteria for Item Response Theory modelling, 40 items remained in the definitive set of seven questionnaires. Finally, we developed an Item Response Theory model for each questionnaire and evaluated its reliability. 1-PL and 2-PL models were chosen based on best model fit. No item misfit (S-χ2, p<0.001 = misfit) was detected in the final models. The newly developed RAKQ allows practitioners to assess their patients' knowledge before consultation to better address knowledge gaps during consultation. Moreover, they can decide whether the level of knowledge is sufficient to obtain digital informed consent without face-to-face education. Researchers can use the RAKQ to compare new methods of patient education with traditional methods.

Perceptions of Grade 11 Setswana home language learners regarding English as the language of learning and teaching in a rural South African school

South African learners are amongst millions globally who learn English as a second language and also use it as the language of learning and teaching (LoLT) at various levels of their educational careers. The literature abounds with views from language and education experts confirming that proficiency in the LoLT is a prime factor determining the academic success of learners. Conspicuously absent are the voices of learners on a matter that so intimately touches them. This study, therefore, investigated the perceptions of Setswana Home Language (SHL) learners about studying English as a subject and using it as the LoLT. The study was conducted with Setswana Home Language (SHL) Grade 11 learners in a rural public secondary school in the Bojanala Education District, North-West Province, South Africa. Second language acquisition theory and the concepts of Basic Interpersonal Communication Skills (BICS) and Cognitive Academic Language Proficiency (CALP) as espoused by Cummins informed the single case qualitative study. Data were collected through a questionnaire with one purposefully sampled Grade 11 English First Additional Language (EFAL) class and analysed qualitatively. In the findings, learners confirmed that they did not have a thorough understanding of English; lacked confidence when speaking English; had poor speaking and writing skills in English; preferred to have Setswana as the LOLT; were exposed to the use of both the home language (HL) and English in the classroom; and lacked sufficient access to English in their home environments.

Safety Awareness among Display Screen Equipment Operators in Tertiary Institutions in Rivers State

The purpose of the study was to investigate safety awareness among display screen equipment operators in tertiary institutions in Rivers state. This study adopted a descriptive research design. A sample of 333 respondents were selected from a population of 934 display screen equipment operators in Tertiary institutions in Rivers State through a multistage sampling procedure. A validated self-structured instrument titled “Safety Awareness Questionnaire” with a reliability index of 0.88 was used to collect data for the study. Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 26.0. The statistical tools employed include: Percentage and Chi Square. The findings revealed that: The display screen equipment operators were highly aware of the OHS hazards inherent in their work environment (87.47%); and there was a significant difference in the level of awareness of OHS hazard among the display screen equipment operators based on level of education (P&lt;0.05), but not significantly different based on work experience and gender (P&gt;0.05). It was concluded that: the display screen equipment operator practices were highly aware of the occupational health and safety hazards inherent in their work environment. Based on the findings of this study, it was recommended that health education experts should collaborate with government and non-government agents to provide health education interventions tailored to address level of awareness of different demographic groups of the display screen equipment operators, particularly focusing on gender and work experience.