Reform Of Education In Ukraine Research Articles

Practical work as a means of implementing an activity-based approach to teaching biology in high school at the profile level

The article deals with the problem of forming subject competence in the application of an activity-based approach to the study of biology in high school. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to identify and substantiate specific examples of the application of the activity approach in the course of practical work in biology in the 10th grade of high school at the specialized level. It is shown that the current stage is preparatory to the implementation of the education reform in Ukraine (New Ukrainian School) in high school. Research methods: theoretical (analysis and synthesis, generalization, comparison, etc.), which were used to identify the peculiarities of using practical work in high school biology lessons; empirical (pedagogical observation) - to finalize the conclusions and prospects for further research. It is indicated that practical work in biology, provided in the school curriculum for grades 10-11 at the specialized level, provides ample opportunities for the formation of skills and abilities necessary for life in modern society. The article identifies the topics of specific practical works from the general list of them in the school curriculum in the topics "Introduction" and "Biodiversity". The possible ways and methodology of their implementation for the effective formation of subject competence in biology are shown. The implementation of these practical works involves the analytical activity of students, their identification of important components in the general array of biological information, the use of various sources and means to obtain information with the subsequent critical assessment of their reliability. It is recommended to use a number of modern mobile applications that simplify the process of plant identification - Plant Identifier & Care, Planti: Plant Care, Lovely: plants care journal, etc. The article notes that the practical work "Calculation of basic statistical indicators for comparing the variability of biological objects" is the basis for the formation of critical thinking skills and the application of the method of scientific knowledge, which is defined in the school curriculum as the expected learning outcomes. The author emphasizes the expediency of using the group method of teaching during practical work not only for the effective implementation of the activity approach, but also for the formation of students' communicative competence. The examples and methodology of performing certain practical works given in the article will help teachers to effectively use the activity approach to achieve the expected results of teaching biology to high school students at the profile level.

Reforming Education in Ukraine Through the Introduction of STEM Technologies and Artificial Intelligence

The relevance of the article is that in today’s world of changes, there is a realization that in all spheres of public life, the achievements of science and culture, the new needs in the modernization of the education system of Ukraine. One of the possible ways of further development of this sphere is not only education reforms, but also innovations, i.e. controlled processes of emergence, perception, evaluation, development and application of innovations. The purpose of the article is to identify legislative innovations in the reform of education in Ukraine, innovative types of educational institutions in accordance with the reform, defining the essence of education reforms and innovations and features of the reform of the system of university education. It is possible to distinguish between reforms at the national and interagency (i.e., only within the education system) level, but any interstate reform is always coordinated with the highest state leadership and is accompanied by reforms in other spheres. Legislative innovations in reforming education in Ukraine are also introduced through pedagogical innovations - those innovations that are developed and implemented by state agencies and organizations of education and science. The article identifies innovative types of educational institutions in Ukraine in accordance with the reform, the innovative processes in the education system are studied; the essence of education reforms and innovations and peculiarities of the reform of the basic and university education system of Ukraine are defined.

Formation of Communication Skills in Primary School Students in Foreign Language Lessons in the New Ukrainian School

The article highlights the ways of implementing the competence approach in the process of teaching younger students the English language, it involves clarifying the content and results of learning, selecting effective methods, techniques, and forms of organizing educational interaction, updating the didactic and methodological support of the educational process, introducing new approaches to checking and evaluating the educational achievements of students. It has been determined that in the modern conditions of education reform in Ukraine, the formation of communicative competence of primary school students is gaining relevance, because the younger school age is extremely favorable for mastering communicative skills and abilities, since children of this age period, speech hearing and articulation are easily formed, they love to learn new words and stable expressions, master linguistic constructions, show interest and sensitivity to linguistic phenomena, strive for communication and quickly acquire speech experience. It has been proven that the didactic and methodical principles of the organization of competence-oriented teaching of foreign languages of elementary school students. The age characteristics and potential capabilities of elementary school students are outlined, the types and forms of educational activities are proposed and substantiated by the competence, communicative, person-oriented, and cultural approaches to learning, and the methods, forms, and methods of organizing the process of learning language material and the formation of foreign language communication skills are characterized; the specific tasks of the development of the educational process during the implementation of the Concept of the New Ukrainian School in general secondary education institutions are defined.

Implementation of Ukraine's State Policy in Innovative Practices of Educational Institutions in the Context of Digital Transformation

In the article, the directions and strategic tasks of the state policy in the implementation of innovative practices of educational institutions, the direction of the ways of modernization of modern education in view of the integration of Ukraine into the European educational space are important; the views of scientists regarding the reform of the educational sphere were analyzed, especially the issues of digital transformation in education; new directions of program actions of the state, an effective management system for the innovative development of education in Ukraine in modern conditions, taking into account the European experience.
 The requirements for scientific and theoretical substantiation and the development of a practical model for the modernization of comprehensive general secondary education and the improvement of the mechanism of regulation of modern innovative state practices, digitalization of new, new processes in educational institutions, and the regulatory tools of the state influence on this process have been determined.
 Outlined specific tasks for the development of the educational process in educational institutions in the context of education reform in Ukraine, ensuring the functioning of the education system in the face of societal changes to implement state educational policies, innovative practices, scientific research, and methodological work.
 Digitization based on the progressive development of network access technologies; semiconductor technologies; software and its cross-use, becomes an important condition in the field of education, and service models of interaction with users become the leading methods of communication.
 Innovative educational projects are described, which highlight the general characteristics of innovations in education, the problems of their accounting and support; based on the analysis of the current state of implementation and dissemination of innovations in educational institutions within the limits of new means and directions of work, which cover all educational and methodological, educational activities of the school and lead to positive changes; modern approaches to the introduction of innovations into the system of general secondary education in Ukraine are formulated.

Modern challenges and prospects for the development of remote education: A systematic review of the literature

The events of recent years in the world and Ukraine (quarantine restrictions due to the pandemic and Russian military aggression) directly affect the format of educational services and create the need to introduce online education, which will guarantee all subjects of the educational process the acquisition of knowledge, preservation of life, as well as psychological and physical health. The research aims to conduct a literature review of the peculiarities of online education at the present stage in Ukraine and analyse its main advantages and disadvantages. As a result of a systematic analysis of the literature, the interpretation of the “online education” concept by various Ukrainian researchers and the peculiarities of online learning under martial law were analysed, and a detailed analysis of the main pros and cons of online education in Ukraine was carried out. The context of the new challenges (the coronavirus pandemic and Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine) makes distance learning strategically important for ensuring the provision of educational services and preserving the physical and psychological health of all participants in the educational process. The study confirms the active development of online education in Ukraine, with important improvements in infrastructure, teaching materials and teacher training. The importance of online education in both normal and crises is substantiated, and its advantages and disadvantages are identified. The need to learn how to use these technologies while preserving the value of personal communication in education is emphasised. The studies of foreign scholars are analysed and a comparative analysis of education in crises abroad and Ukraine is carried out. It has been found that online education is a promising and necessary form of education, it is developing very actively and can respond quickly and successfully to the needs of society. The practical significance of the study lies in its contribution to the further development of the field of educational technologies and education reform in Ukraine

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR IMPROVING SITUATIONAL TRAINING OF CYBERSECURITY SPECIALISTS

The article identifies the problem of the need for continuous development and improvement of practical skills for cybersecurity professionals due to the constant growth and evolution of threats to information and cyber security for organizations, businesses, society, and the state. The relevance of implementing innovative technologies to improve the methods of developing technical and managerial competencies of cybersecurity specialists in higher education institutions is justified in accordance with the strategic direction of education reform in Ukraine. The relevance of developing the ability and skills for cybersecurity professionals to respond promptly to threats is associated with the use of artificial intelligence by cybercriminals. The analysis conducted in this work allowed us to conclude the need for improvement of the situational teaching method as one of the main ways to develop the competencies of students majoring in Cybersecurity and Information Security in higher education institutions. One of the ways to improve the method is to use artificial intelligence tools in creating various types of tasks for classes. To create educational situations and options for resolving conflicting situations in cybersecurity management and cyber incidents with the aim of developing skills in future cybersecurity managers to make timely, correct, and effective decisions, it proposed to use the artificial intelligence tool - the ChatGPT language model. Thanks to its excellent capabilities, which include summarizing and analyzing articles, encoding, debugging, and generating thematic blocks of situations, it represents significant progress in the field of artificial intelligence. The application of ChatGPT allowed the creation of the necessary number of situational tasks with options for correct solutions in a short time, covering all areas of activity for cybersecurity specialists. However, during the research, there was a need for critical evaluation and verification of the information provided by the model for compliance with the context and rules, laws, and ethical norms that apply in each specific situation. This issue addressed by refining and specifying the request to the ChatGPT language model to generate situations.

Challenges in the Development of Modern University Complexes with Research Departments

This article delves into the pressing matters surrounding higher education reform in Ukraine, focusing on the pivotal transition of universities into modernized university complexes featuring vibrant research departments. The overarching objective of this research is to discern the fundamental principles and opportunities in the establishment and growth of such complexes, drawing insights from global practices. Against the backdrop of a rapidly evolving Ukrainian society, the article underscores the paramount importance of reforming higher education, especially in the aftermath of aggressive acts against the nation. It underscores the essential tasks at hand in reconstructing the material infrastructure of educational institutions to meet contemporary needs. The article offers a comprehensive array of recommendations for architectural planning and the expansion of university complexes, encompassing the creation of dedicated research hubs, state-of-the-art laboratories, and technologically advanced innovation parks. These endeavors are envisaged not only to enrich the practical training of students, but also to augment the overall competitiveness of educational establishments on the national and international stage. Within the research framework, due consideration is given to the physical aesthetics of university buildings, paving the way for a harmonious blend of tradition and modernity. The potential for collaboration with governmental bodies is examined, thus fostering a conducive environment for knowledge exchange and interdisciplinary cooperation. Furthermore, the article advocates for the development of cohesive functional linkages within university complexes to facilitate the seamless flow of ideas and resources. One of the pivotal concepts advocated in this research is the integration of "open laboratories." These innovative spaces are envisioned to serve as dynamic hubs of scientific exploration, catalyzing breakthroughs in various disciplines. The introduction of open laboratories promises to infuse a newfound vigor into the realm of scientific research within the academic sphere. The research not only contemplates the domestic educational landscape but also embarks on a global exploration of best practices. Drawing insights from international experience, this article endeavors to adapt and tailor these lessons to the unique context of Ukrainian higher education. The outcomes of this research endeavor are anticipated to form the bedrock for future studies, serving as a catalyst for the development of innovative architectural solutions within the realm of higher education in Ukraine. By embracing the principles and recommendations put forth in this article, educational institutions in Ukraine can aspire to not only keep pace with global advancements, but also to carve a distinctive niche in the ever-evolving landscape of higher education.

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It has been proven that the National Guard of Ukraine is on the path of development following the example of the security and defense forces of the leading countries of the world. It has been determined that the issue of replenishment of full-time units of the National Guard of Ukraine with officers is currently a pressing issue. New challenges naturally lead to a rational solution. It was noted that a key stage in the process of modernization and renewal of the National Guard of Ukraine is the formation of a modern system of military education on the basis of the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to find modern approaches to the innovative development of non-formal education at the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine based on a study of the state of military education reform in Ukraine based on the experience of NATO member countries. It has been proven that well-founded changes in the military education system will allow to control and adjust the training process at the tactical and operational levels, taking into account the experience of performing combat (special) tasks by the National Guard of Ukraine during the repulsion of armed aggression. In addition, the implementation of an optimal combination of formal and informal education systems will ensure the necessary balance of timeliness of training and optimality of time for it, will contribute to the unification in the global network of NATO training and the achievement of significantly higher indicators of professional training of officers compared to the past. It is proposed to start new structural divisions in the National Academy of the National Guard of Ukraine, which will meet high standards in the field of quality assurance of higher education, as well as the requirements of European and Euro-Atlantic integration of education of the security and defense sector of Ukraine. Such is the Center for retraining and professional development, which will include the department of professional training, the department of language training, the division (subdivision) of instructors, the cyclical commission for training drivers, as well as the management of the course of acquirers. In addition, it is appropriate to create a simulation modeling center consisting of two scientific research departments and a technical support department, which is designed to support all training, training and scientific activities using modern simulation modeling systems. The directions of further scientific research will be aimed at researching innovative approaches to the development of the military education system in higher military educational institutions of Ukraine.

Supervision as a form of inclusive education retraining and school community professional advancement

Using the example of Kryvyi Rih, we present the supervision model used to promote the education reform in Ukraine and the retraining of the school's major players. Through a sociopolitical and educational description of the current situation in Kryvyi Rih, empirical study has introduced a model of retraining. Due to this, 124 key stakeholders from 20 inclusive schools underwent testing to help plan the implementation of the monitoring model (teachers, tutors, staff, psychologists and parents from 7 districts of Kryvyi Rih were invited to participate). In this study, we provide an alternative strategy for interagency supervisory groups and communication, with an emphasis on the model supervision retraining of inclusive education specialists. Four stages make up the supervision process: case report, exchange, conceptualization, and summary. In the paper, we suggest a modification of an unstructured interview by a specialist who specifies the context of training supervision in order to facilitate successful work. The psycho-educational support team in inclusive education was able to propose the supervision program thanks to the analysis of the organizational, methodological, and information retraining system and the execution of the pilot project of supervisory groups: I. Providing team members with the necessary training to work with the objectives of each child development plan; II. Using case preparation tools; III. Analyzing environmental elements; and IV. Managing team support.

INNOVATIVE PROJECTS AND STEM EDUCATION IN PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT THROUGH THE PRISM OF ALL LINKS OF EDUCATION IN UKRAINE

The paper studies the innovative projects in the development of personality through the prism of all levels of education in Ukraine in the process of professional training of pedagogues of preschool education institutions and higher school. Problematic issues concerning on theoretical and practical training of pedagogical workers of preschool education institutions and higher school are investigated. The pedagogical conditions of creation of professional competence of pedagogical workers of preschool education institutions and higher school are investigated. It is established that the reform of education in Ukraine involves a radical restructuring of the management, which requires a significant increase in the professionalism of management. The experience of applying pedagogical innovations in the training of future pedagogues of preschool education institutions and higher school is analyzed including multimedia lectures, interactive communication, game modeling, innovative projects, trainings. It is established that the use of practiceoriented innovation projects in the training of future pedagogues of preschool education institutions and higher school allows them to more fully develop their professional needs and interests, helps to acquaint with the specifics of professional activities, arouses interest and need in the formation and application of innovative technologies. The characteristic features of STEM-education have been identified, which are important in the training of future pedagogues of preschool education institutions and higher school. It is investigated that an important tool on which the effectiveness of the development of the professional position of pedagogues of preschool education institutions and higher school depends is the constant self-improvement of professional activity. The functions of the process of self-improvement of the pedagogues professional activity are determined. Thanks to the update of the Laws of Ukraine “On Preschool Education”, “On Education”, “On Higher Education” and the implementation of the National Doctrine of Education for 2021-2022, the Concept of ”New Ukrainian School", the Concept of Pedagogical Education received positive results education and higher education.

Means of Optimising the Development of Critical Thinking of Students in German Universities

The issue of developing and optimising critical thinking among students is on the agenda when developing programmes for the improvement of higher education systems. This aspect has become particularly relevant in the European space, in particular in Germany, which is explained by the priority of educating students and the development of such important skills as rapid response to a problem, its effective solution, as well as cognitive flexibility of the individual in critical situations. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the experience of Germany in the context of using tools to optimise the development of students’ critical thinking, as well as to create recommendations for the development of the higher education system in Ukraine based on the results obtained. To achieve this purpose, the following scientific methods and tools were used in the course of the research: functional and dialectical approaches, method of logical analysis, synthesis, comparative analysis, analysis of scientific literature. The paper provides an overview of the general principles and scientific positions regarding the interpretation of the concept of “critical thinking”, its nature and features. A comprehensive analysis of the tools and mechanisms that are actively used at this stage in German universities for the development of critical thinking among students is provided. Positive aspects from the experience of this country are identified and a strategy for their implementation in the activities of Ukrainian universities is formed. The prospects for further research are the implementation of a comparative analysis of modern mechanisms for optimising the process of students’ critical thinking development used in universities of the United States of America and France. The practical significance of the study is conditioned upon the priority of its use in higher education reform in Ukraine and is also an important element in the development of methodological materials for teachers

New educational space in New Ukrainian School

This study reveals the basic principles of creating an effective renewed educational space in the context of education reform in Ukraine and the creation of the New Ukrainian School. Modern educational environment means multifunctional flexible spaces that promote various forms of work, motivate to learn. An important factor in the renewal of the school is the creation of a modern educational space that will motivate the child to learn something new, stimulate different activities, and evoke positive emotions. Civic competence is one of the key skills enshrined in the Education Law in Ukraine. Along with the social, they are linked to the ideas of democracy, justice, equality, human rights, prosperity and healthy lifestyles, with an awareness of equal rights and opportunities. They include cooperation with others to achieve a common goal, activity in class and school life, respect for the rights of others, the ability to resolve conflict situations. One of the tools used by teachers to develop these competencies in primary school is the creation of “Class Rules” – the first “law” in the lives of first-graders. Creating a motivational educational space contributes to the principles of reforming primary and general secondary education and global trends: personality-oriented education, child-centeredness, competence and activity approaches.

Здоров’язбереження в освітньому середовищі закладів загальної середньої освіти

Priority areas for education reform in Ukraine are defined by the National Strategy for the Development of Education in Ukraine (2013–2021) and the National Strategy for Physical Fitness in Ukraine until 2025. These are: physical education, physical culture, the formation of motor skills and abilities of students. The purpose of the article is to analyze the problem of health care in the educational environment of general secondary education institutions through physical education. The article proves that the health and formation of motor function of students in general secondary education is a complex problem. The problem requires the development of methodological principles, the development of motor function and feedback on the effectiveness of pedagogical influence on the development of motor skills and abilities of students. There is a need to take into account the age, gender and individual characteristics of school students, based on the program which can achieve the most effective results. Object of research: educational process in general secondary education institutions of Ukraine. Subject of research: formation of the process of health care of students of general secondary education institutions of Ukraine. Conclusions. 1. In the conditions of general secondary education institutions there are the following ways to increase the motor activity of students: ensuring the functioning of the motor mode of children; monitoring the state of motor readiness of children; creating conditions for the formation of children's skills of self-organization and self-control, which will promote the activation of motor activity; control of the process of formation of effective motor behavior of students of general secondary education. 2. In order to achieve a high level of physical activity, students need to pay more attention to the process of physical improvement in educational institutions, in the process of upbringing in families and in out-of-school educational institutions. 3. The norm of motor activity in childhood is taken to be the amount of motor activity that fully meets the biological needs of movement, promotes good health. 4. Methods of motor activity of students of general secondary education are as follows: exercises with elements of gymnastics, jumping, games for active recreation, mastering the skills of strength exercises, rhythm in the structure of movement, the ability to control movements.

Інклюзивна освіта в школах Обухівського району: проблеми та перспективи

The article focuses on the situation of inclusive education in Ukraine and illustrates the best cases of the inclusive education implementation in European countries. The author analyzes the education reform in Ukraine and traces trends in the formation of the educational environment for children with special educational needs. In particular, the author examines international treaties and the legislative framework of Ukraine on the status of inclusive education in the world and in Ukraine. The purpose of the study is to analyze the development of inclusiveness as a result of education reforms at the local level, namely in Obukhiv district. The work looks into the system of education implemention for the students with special educational needs which consists of inclusive resource centers, secondary education institutions with inclusive classes, teacher assistants, special approaches to teaching and students' parents. Until 2016 Ukrainian educational system did not have appropriate conditions for the education and development of the children with special educational needs. Nevertheless, the more open society as well as the military actions in the east of the country in 2014 became the impetus for the reforms and made it urgent to deal with the issues of providing the full life and meeting the needs of people with disabilities. Since February 24, 2022 there has been a new challenge – the full-scale invasion of Russia, which will probably lead to thousands of affected people. The research shows that 1,061 people live in the territory within 6 investigated united territorial communities, but only 163 people with special needs study in the local schools. This can explain by a number of problems such as rather low professional competence of teachers, parents' unwillingness to cooperate with inclusive resource centers and the educational institutions which are not ready for students' comfortable stay. However, there are also positive changes, namely the bigger number of inclusive classes and parents' increased trust in secondary education institutions.

INTERNATIONAL PROJECTS IN THE SYSTEM OF INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION

Modern integration processes, which are actively developing around the world, are reflected in the development of individual national economies as a whole and their individual industries. The field of higher education is no exception. Internationalization of higher education is one of the main directions of the new concept of higher education reform in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to study international cooperation in the framework of international projects and the formation of a system of international cooperation in higher education institutions on the example of the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies. System of international cooperation in State University of Infrastructure and Technologies is formed on the basis of the designated strategic priorities, directions of realization and results. The implementation of the formed system will give the State University of Infrastructure and Technologies the opportunity to participate in international projects in an equal and full manner, increase the number of foreign students, invite foreign lecturers to become a fully recognized university in the world, which provides high quality education. The proposed system of international cooperation can also be applied to other higher education institutions, taking into account their specifics.

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PEDAGOGICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND PECULIATIRIES OF THEIR APPLICATION IN FUTURE DOCTORS TRAINING COURSE

One of the most important tasks of education reform in Ukraine is to foster creative individuals prepared to meet the social demands at both the national and international. The introduction of a competence-based approach to modern higher education and the formation of professional competence of future professionals is the best indicator of the quality of education received. Today’s demands for higher education institutions are to reach a qualitatively new level of presentation of educational material, apart from traditional, widely used modern pedagogical technologies. The aim of this study is to analyze the psychological and pedagogical, methodological literature and to identify the essential characteristics of pedagogical technologies. Material and methods. The study implies the analysis of psychological and pedagogical, methodological literature, the materials of educational and methodical conferences, methodological work of the department. To achieve the goal, clarifying the essence and peculiarities of the use of modern pedagogical technologies in the educational process theoretical methods (analysis, synthesis, generalization, comparison, systematization, pedagogical modelling, theoretical prediction) are used.
 The rank of an educational institution is determined by the quality of the innovative technologies it uses effectively. For the development of higher medical education it is advisable to implement and integrate into the educational process all the above described pedagogical technologies, and the effectiveness of their use depends on the interaction of factors that support the educational process: competent teachers who are highly skilled in pedagogical technologies and constantly improve their professional level; motivation and sufficient level of basic training of future teachers; The main goal of the project is to develop the educational process and to improve the quality of teaching and learning; to actively implement modern educational technologies; to effectively integrate all known types and levels of educational technologies.
 The use of modern pedagogical technologies in professional training of future physicians contributes to the formation of professional competence of the students by developing the skills of self-study and scientific and investigative work, inter-industry communication, teamwork, analysis and synthesis, creativity, ability to cooperate with specialists of other specialties, to solve problems and make decisions, etc.

. Current issues of legal education reform in Ukraine.

This article is aimed at studying issues related to the reform of legal education in Ukraine, taking into account the legal regulation of this area of state activity. Since 2004, since the adoption of the national program of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the legislation of the European Union, a process has begun to bring the provisions of national legislation into European standards in order for Ukraine to meet the third Copenhagen and Madrid criteria for membership in the European Union. One of the areas of implementation of this Program is legal reform in Ukraine, which affects the formation of common approaches to creating a regulatory framework for training qualified professionals and creating appropriate conditions for the institutional, scientific and educational process of adaptation of Ukrainian legislation. In addition, the ways of implementing the National Strategy for the Development of Education in Ukraine until 2021 and the National Doctrine of Education Development need special attention. Many domestic scholars have paid attention to the issue of legal education reform in different years. However, this area is becoming increasingly important due to the development of society as a whole and the growing demand for the legal profession, which is reflected in quantitative indicators. Thus, according to the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, in 2021, in the ranking of specialties by the number of applications, the specialty «Law» takes second place. In 2021, 68,124 applications were submitted for this specialty. As a result of the study, the problematic issues related to bringing the regulatory framework to a single model, which must meet both European standards and the Constitution of Ukraine, were identified. Given the demand for legal education, both in Ukraine and abroad, its regulation should be paid attention in the first place.

Practical-oriented nature of learning as an important component of legal education reform in Ukraine

The relevance of the study of practice-oriented educational process is due to the processes of reforming legal education in Ukraine, attempts to theoretically determine the methods of teaching subjects and conducting independent classes. The study of the peculiarities of the organisation of students 'independent tasks, their verification and analysis of errors is due to its purpose, which is to study the practice-oriented nature of learning and identify learning difficulties in students' independent work, suggest ways to eliminate them and justify improving the learning process. Thanks to the basic methods of scientific knowledge, in particular general and special legal, the essence of independent work of students is revealed, which in its work contains the principle of developmental learning, both without the participation of the teacher and under his direct supervision. Based on the philosophical and functional method it was possible to outline the main function of the educational process – obtaining the maximum amount of knowledge, their consolidation and transformation into skills and abilities. Using the structural-functional method, it was investigated that among the most useful skills for students in solving problems independently are writing essays and working in groups. Thanks to the sociostatistical method, the essence of students' group work is revealed, which promotes mutual control, increases the level of motivation, development of cognitive activity, interest in performing joint work, etc. The result of the study is its validity on the rational organisation of methodological support of independent work of students, as well as on the possibility of high-quality assimilation of educational material by students, lays the foundation for further self-education and selfimprovement. It is substantiated that the performance of independent homework by students-lawyers of both theoretical and practical nature has a positive effect on the formation and development of special (subject) skills, including mastery and correct interpretation of legal terminology, definition of the most important features and nature of legal categories, ability to formulate and substantiate their position when analysing the situation from the standpoint of law

EDUCATION IN UKRAINE DURING TNE REVOLUTION OF 1917 – 1921: AN UNFINISHED ATTEMPT TO REFORM

The paper describes quite a successful attempt to reform the system of education at the Ukrainian territories during the period of the Ukrainian Revolution of 1917 – 1921. The attempt was well documented in legislation acts by the Central Council of Ukraine, Hetmanship and the Ukrainian People's Republic (Directorate of Ukraine), local regulations and periodicals of that time. The key goals of the reforms were to Ukrainianize the education in the Ukrainian state, decentralize it, create a unified system of the academic degrees, and to promote the development of the Ukrainian university education.
 The efforts of the Ukrainian authorities were supported by Prosvita Society that was active at Ukrainian territories for several decades particularly after the Revolution of 1905.
 Each of three Ukrainian governments was quite successful in education reform encorporation. Their efforts in this field were aligned; they logically continued their reformation activity in the direction established by a predecessor.
 Public universities, libraries (specifically created for this purpose) and some public figures also contributed to the Ukrainianization of education and its adaptation to the needs of the Ukrainian people. The following outstanding public figures played significant role in reforming the education at that time: Borys Grinchenko, Sophia Rusova, Spyrydon Chornosenko, Hryhorii Sherstiuk and many others.
 The obvious challenges of that period, standing in the way of education reform in Ukraine, were the political turbulence and the weak Ukrainian government that at the beginning had very few local representatives and within time failed to extend its influence over all the territory of Ukraine. Historical inertia also worked against the reform, as many of the pedagogues and parents remained loyal to the old education system. Poverty also played its role preventing proper allocation of resources for the purpose of the reform.

Psychological and pedagogical aspects of formation of intercultural competence of future Primary School teachers

Introducing the Concept of "New Ukrainian School" (NUSH), a new teacher professional standards of competence and implementation paradigm in school, brought the process of training teachers in higher education (ZVO) at a central place in terms of education reform. This requires a review of the training conditions for future teachers, taking into account the development of senior specialized school and the needs of the modern labor market in specialists who have formed the relevant general and professional competencies. The purpose of the article is to specify the methods and means of forming intercultural competence of future primary school teachers who carry out educational activities in a multicultural environment. In the process of research methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, systematization of identification of scientific approaches to the decision of the specified problem, theoretical generalization of results of research were used. It is shown that the training of future teachers in free economic education and its further effective innovative and humanistic educational activities in schools that operate in a multicultural environment is one of the leading tasks of education reform in Ukraine. The main focus is on the role of disciplines of the psychological and pedagogical cycle in the system of professional training of future teachers and the features of innovative and humanistic educational activities of primary school in a multicultural environment.