Education Level Research Articles

A Survey of Awareness and Attitudes of Men Aged Over 40 Years about Andropause

Introduction: Andropause is a condition that affects men as they age, similar to menopause in women. Unfortunately, there is limited research on this topic in Iran, and many men are unfamiliar with this concept. To address this knowledge gap, a study was conducted to investigate the attitudes and awareness of andropause among men over the age of 40 in Ardakan City. Methods: This study was conducted on 281 men aged over 40 years from Ardakan city in 2019. The sampling method used was cluster sampling and data were collected through a researcher-developed questionnaire. The collected data was analyzed, using SPSS software version 18 and the statistical methods of variance, Pearson correlation, and regression were used. Results: Men have a low level of awareness about andropause, and their attitude towards it is negative. The study found that the mean score of participants’ awareness about andropause was significantly impacted by age groups (P <0.05), education level (P <0.05) and occupation (P <0.05). In terms of attitude towards andropause, the mean score was significantly impacted by age groups (P <0.05) and occupation (P <0.05), but not by education level (P >0.05). The Pearson correlation coefficient shows that there is a statistically significant positive relationship between the mean score of awareness and the score of attitude. Conclusion: The low awareness and negative attitudes towards andropause among men in Ardakan City emphasize the need for more education and awareness on this topic. Providing men with accurate information about the symptoms, causes, and management of andropause is crucial to help them make informed decisions regarding their health. By addressing the knowledge gap and promoting positive attitudes towards andropause, healthcare providers can enhance the overall well-being of men in this age group.

An Empirical Study of the Constituent Factors of Player Behaviour

Background Player behaviour comprises thoughts, decisions and other actions that arise from multiple sources and contexts in games and is based on the players’ complex environment of information, vicarious experiences and perspectives. Learning and superior performance within the game are shaped by the players’ goal orientation, conviction and interactions. Objectives of the study: The study sought to understand the concept, functions and constituents of player behaviour from their perspectives, expectations, beliefs and traits. Recognising player behaviour in terms of its constituent elements would clarify and enhance knowledge of human behaviour and make it simple to use the understanding in deeper enquiry and applications. Method An instrument of 43 statements was first developed based on extant research and refined by the responses of 45 university teachers. It was then administered to 1,260 university students from whom 711 valid responses were received. The sample was processed by exploratory factor analysis under varimax rotation to yield the scale of player behaviour at a Cronbach alpha of .96 and a cumulative variance of 54 percent. Results The seven factors of the scale had an eigenvalue each of more than one, and Cronbach α values of .58 to .90. The exploratory factor analysis generated seven factors that were named conviction, experience sharing, uncertainty, unpredictability, insights, preparedness and planning. Discussion The study identified the factors of player behaviour and studied the effect of gender and education on player behaviour. It showed that player behaviour emerges from convictions which are perspectives backed by ready resources, skills and action plans to simplify, understand and respond to situations and likely problems. The behavioural differences between gender, type of programme and level of education were not significant. The study also discussed the nature of each factor and the limitations, suggestions and implications of the study.

Development and validation of a risk prediction model for cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients.

Breast cancer patients often experience cognitive impairment as a complication during treatment, which seriously affects their quality of life. This study aimed to assess the risk factors associated with cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients and to construct and validate a nomogram model to predict cognitive impairment in this population. In this study, we used a convenience sampling method to select 423 breast cancer patients who attended the Department of Breast Surgery at the First Hospital of Jinzhou Medical University from September 2023 to March 2024. We analyzed these patients' cognitive impairment risk factors through LASSO regression and logistic regression analysis to develop a predictive model. The model was evaluated using the area under the curve (AUC) from the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the calibration curve and decision curve analysis. This study found a prevalence of cognitive impairment of 19.62% among breast cancer patients. A nomogram model was developed based on six influencing factors: age, educational level, pathological type, treatment program, emotional state, and fatigue. The area under the curve (AUC) for the model's training and validation groups was 0.944 and 0.931, respectively. The model calibration curves showed a high degree of consistency, and the decision curve analysis (DCA) indicated good clinical applicability of the model. This nomogram demonstrates good discrimination, calibration, and clinical applicability, making it a more intuitive predictor of the risk of cognitive impairment in breast cancer patients.

Factors Militating the Effective Utilization of the Nursing Process in Patient Care: A Descriptive Survey of Nurses in a Tertiary Hospital in North West, Nigeria

Nursing process is the systematic, patient-centered approach used by nurses to guides individualized nursing care; thereby enhance quality of patient care and outcomes for both the patient and family members, as an organized framework for the practice of nursing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors militating against effective utilization of nursing process in patient's care among nurses in a Tertiary Hospital in north-west, Nigeria. The research design employed in the study was across sectional survey, sample size of 108 but 97 valid for data analysis. The nurses who were proportionately selected participated in the study. The data were derived from the administration of copies of questionnaire. The instrument was validated by the researcher’s supervisor and two other experts from faculty of nursing Ladoke Akintola University of technology. A Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.82 is indicative of the reliability of the instrument. Data collected were analysed using SPSS version 20 version. Hypothesis was tested using Chi square set at p value 0.05. The findings revealed that greater number (92%) understood that nursing process is a problem solving technique for nurses and (80, 83%) utilizes nursing process in patients care. Majority of participants 63.9% (Mean = 1.71) established that shortage of human resources, 59.8% (Mean = 1.86) lack motivation and 53.6% (Mean = 1.53) different approaches adopted by nurses were seen to impact the use negatively. Experience, and educational Level were statistically found to be significant determinants for nursing process utilization (p=0.00, and 0.02). Based on the findings, it can be concluded that there exist a significant relationship between nurse’s years of experience and knowledge of nursing process utilization and the rate of utilization. Recommendation that adequate and relevant materials be provided for nurses in order to achieve and perform their respective tasks at the optimal best, the management should equally employed more nurses to breech the chronic shortage of man power.

Individual and community level determinants of minimum meal frequency among breastfeeding children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia: a multilevel analysis of 2019 Ethiopian Demographic Health Survey data

BackgroundMinimum meal frequency (MMF) is a vital indicator of whether a child’s energy needs are being met. Previous studies in Ethiopia on MMF have primarily focused on individual factors, often using basic logistic regression models with limited scope and small sample sizes. In contrast, this study aims to identify the key determinants of MMF among breastfed children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia, examining both individual and community-level factors through multilevel logistic regression analysis, utilizing nationally representative data.MethodThe study utilized a community-based cross-sectional design with a sample of 1,245 6–23 month breastfed children in Ethiopia, using data from the 2019 Ethiopian Mini Demographic Health Survey. Mixed effect logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with MMF. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) with 95% confidence intervals were used to assess variable associations, while Intra-cluster correlation (ICC), median odds ratio (MOR), and proportional change in variance (PCV) were employed to gauge random variation.ResultThe proportion of 6–23-month breastfeeding children with MMF was found to be 55.9% (95% CI: 53.2, 58.6). In mixed effect logistic regression; breastfeeding initiation time within days after birth [AOR = 0.44; 95%CI: (0.24, 0.80)], maternal primary educational level [AOR = 1.46; 95%CI: (1.03, 2.05)], maternal higher level education [AOR = 2.43; 95%CI: (1.22, 4.81)] and children from wealthiest household wealth index [AOR = 2.13; 95%CI: (1.04, 4.33)] were individual-level factors and children from city-based regions [AOR = 1.75; 95%CI: (1.10, 2.77)] was community level factors significantly associated with MMF. The final model indicates that 50.8% of the variation in MMF was explained by combined factors at both individual and community levels and also the variation across clusters remained statistically significant (ICC = 8.1% and variance = 0.29 with p < 0.001).ConclusionMinimum meal frequency is a proxy for meeting energy requirements and it is a key indicator of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practice. According to this study finding, the prevalence of MMF among 6–23-month children in Ethiopia was found to be low. The study also suggest that time of breastfeeding initiation, women’s educational level, household wealth index, and contextual region were factors significantly associated with MMF. It is recommended that IYCF strategies should be implemented widely through women’s education and empowerment and promoting early initiation of breast feeding to increase the proportion of children to be fed with MMF appropriate for their age.

Association between blood lead and periodontitis among American adults: a cross-sectional study of the national health and nutrition examination survey

BackgroundLead is persistent in the environment as a toxic substance and accumulates in the human body. Lead exposure has far-reaching harmful effects on all human systems and is widely recognized as a health and public health concern. Lead exposure poses a significant risk to oral health, as it destroys salivary glands and alveolar bone. It also induces oxidative stress which results in an immune response. Lead exposure appears to adversely affect periodontal tissues. Currently, the available evidence on the relationship between blood lead and periodontitis is insufficient and further research is necessary.ObjectiveIn this study, the objectives were to clarify the association between blood lead and periodontitis, as well as to explore potential dose-response relationships between blood lead exposure and periodontitis, as well as to determine appropriate thresholds for the effects of blood lead on periodontitis.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study involving 8,550 participants with American adults aged 30 or older. blood Lead, periodontitis, age, sex, race, heart rate, education level, poverty index, marital status, body mass index, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, hypertension, diabetes and stroke. were collected from participants. Logistic regression, smooth curve fittingwere utilized to substantiate the research objectives.ResultsThere were a total of 8,550 participants of which 52.2% (4,467/8,550) had moderate/severe periodontitis. Compared with Q1 (0.15–0.93 ug/L), where blood lead levels were lower, the OR values for adjusted blood lead and periodontitis in Q2 (0.93–1.60 ug/L) and Q3 (1.60–61.29 ug/L) were 1.18 (95% CI: 1.12–1.25, P < 0.001) and 1.43 (95% CI: 1.34–1.52, P < 0.001). The association between blood lead levels and periodontitis exhibited a curve (non-linear, P < 0.001), with an inflection point of roughly 2.700 ug/L. The OR values for moderate/severe periodontitis in participants with blood lead levels <2.700ug/L was 1.318 (95% CI: 1.193–1.457, P < 0.001).ConclusionBlood lead levels are positively associated with periodontitis. Blood lead levels increased by five units and were associated with an increase in moderate and severe periodontitis risk by 36%. There is a curvilinear relationship between blood lead and periodontitis with a threshold effect and an inflection point of approximately 2.7 ug/L.

Risk factors for cognitive decline in older Chinese adults: the impact of social activity on the relationship between hearing, functional mobility, and cognition

ObjectiveHearing and functional mobility impairments are recognized as risk factors for cognitive decline in older adults, yet the causal relationship underlying these associations is not well-understood. This study aims to explore whether engagement in social activities mediates the link between hearing or functional mobility impairment and cognitive decline.MethodsThis cross-sectional study was carried out in two cities in Jiangsu Province, Eastern China. Participants self-reported hearing impairment and social activity engagement, whereas functional mobility impairment was assessed using the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). Cognitive function was evaluated through the Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Logistic regression analysis explored factors influencing cognitive function, and mediation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between hearing or functional mobility impairment and cognitive decline.ResultsThe study included 10,217 adults aged 60 and above. Among them, 19.35% reported hearing impairment, while 40.86% failed the Timed Up and Go Test (TUGT). The Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) indicated a 30.40% prevalence of cognitive decline. Logistic regression analysis identified significant associations of cognitive function with factors such as gender, age, education level, residency, living arrangement, hyperlipidemia, cerebrovascular disease, alcohol consumption, smoking, Activities of Daily Living (ADLs), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs), social activity, hearing, and functional mobility (p < 0.01). Mediation analysis, after adjusting for confounders, showed that social activity engagement partially mediated the impact of functional mobility impairment on cognitive decline (indirect effect: −0.0947, 95% Bootstrapped CI: −0.1228, −0.0695; proportion of total effect: 11.635%, p < 0.01). However, no mediation effect was observed in the relationship between self-reported hearing impairment and cognitive decline.ConclusionThis study revealed that social activity engagement plays a mediating role in the relationship between functional mobility and cognitive function, but it does not significantly influence the relationship between self-reported hearing impairment and cognitive decline. These findings suggest that social activity engagement could be a crucial factor in preventing cognitive deterioration among older adults with functional mobility impairments.

Household Food Insecurity and Its Association with Nutritional Status of Children 6–59 Months of Age in Kebridehar City

Malnutrition, characterized by an imbalance in the intake of calories, proteins, or other nutrients, includes undernutrition and overnutrition. This study aimed to assess the impact of household food insecurity on the nutritional status of children aged 6 to 59 months in Kebridehar town using a community-based cross-sectional approach. The city of Kebridehar was divided into 12 kebeles and the study targeted families with children in the specified age group. A proportional sample of 344 households was randomly selected from each kebele. Data were collected through surveys and analyzed to determine the prevalence of food insecurity and its effects on children's nutrition.Results: The study revealed significant disparities in food security: 11.6% of households were food secure, while 88.4% were food insecure. Female-headed homes had a lower percentage of impoverished children and the mother's education had a vital influence. Low- and middle-income households had a larger risk of childhood loss than higher-income ones. Smaller families were 15.76 times more likely to suffer food insecurity and homes without health services were 3.27 times higher potential to be food insecure. Children from insecure food families have poorer health outcomes, being 4.95 times more likely to be underweight, 1.30 times more likely to be stunted, and 1.45 times more likely to be wasted.Conclusion: The study highlights an important problem of food insecurity that affects the health of children. Factors such as the woman's family, the mother's education level, low income and family size are crucial. Urgent interventions are necessary to improve food security and nutritional outcomes, especially for families with low income, less education, and poor sanitation.

The prevalence and clinical correlation factors of cognitive impairment in patients with major depressive disorder hospitalized during the acute phase

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of cognitive impairment among patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) hospitalized during the acute phase and to analyze the in-depth association between this cognitive impairment and clinical correlation factors.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we recruited 126 patients aged between 18 and 65 years who were diagnosed with MDD. All these patients were inpatients from the Department of Psychiatry at the Second People’s Hospital of Hunan Province. We employed a series of assessment tools, including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), the 16-item Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes about Sleep Scale (DBAS-16), the Pre-sleep Arousal Scale (PSAS), the Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAMA), and the 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD-17). The patients were divided into a cognitive impairment group and a non-cognitive impairment group based on their scores on the Montreal Cognitive Assessment Scale (MoCA). Through Spearman’s correlation analysis, we explored the correlation between the total MoCA score and the score of each factor. Additionally, we utilized binary logistic regression analysis to investigate the relationship between cognitive impairment and clinically relevant factors in MDD patients hospitalized during the acute phase and plotted ROC curves to evaluate their clinical efficacy.ResultsIn this study, we found that the prevalence of cognitive impairment among MDD patients hospitalized during the acute phase was as high as 63.49%. Through statistical analysis, we observed significant differences between the cognitive impairment group and the non-cognitive impairment group in terms of age, place of residence, education level, and HAMD-17 scores. In the Spearman correlation analysis, we noted the following trends: visuospatial and executive abilities were negatively correlated with the HAMD-17 score (P < 0.05); naming ability was positively correlated with the PSAS score but negatively correlated with the MEQ score (P < 0.05); memory was also negatively correlated with the MEQ score (P < 0.05); attention was negatively correlated with the HAMA score; and abstract cognitive ability was negatively correlated with the MEQ score (P < 0.05). Through binary logistic regression analysis, we further revealed the relationship between cognitive impairment and factors such as living in a rural area (OR = 2.7, 95% CI = 1.083-6.731, P < 0.05), increased age (OR = 1.049, 95% CI = 1.013-1.087, P < 0.01), and the HAMD-17 score (OR = 1.10295, 95% CI = 1.031-11.79, P < 0.01). Additionally, ROC curve analysis demonstrated a significant correlation between the HAMD-17 score and the prediction of cognitive function in MDD patients hospitalized during the acute phase (P < 0.001). Specifically, the AUC for the HAMD-17 score was 0.73, with an optimal cut-off value of 19.5, sensitivity of 70.0%, and specificity of 63.0%. Furthermore, the AUC for age was 0.71, with an optimal cut-off value of 33.5, sensitivity of 59.0%, and specificity of 80.0%.ConclusionsThis study indicates that MDD patients hospitalized during the acute phase have a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment. This phenomenon reflects a significant correlation between clinical factors such as age, sleep-related characteristics, and the severity of depression with cognitive impairment. Therefore, regular assessment of cognitive function in MDD patients and early intervention may be crucial for the treatment and prognosis of the disease.

Determinants of Domestic Violence during Pregnancy: A Case-Control Study

Background: Due to the importance of the issue and the fact that up-to-date studies in this topic have not been conducted in Yazd city, the present research was conducted to investigate and determine the intensity and frequency of domestic violence among pregnant women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional and descriptive study and sampling was done by simple random method. pregnant women referred to health centers in Yazd in 2021 participated in the study. For the study, 246 pregnant women were selected from 3 health centers in Yazd city in 2021. The tool used for the study was the standard questionnaire known as the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2). This questionnaire was utilized to assess domestic violence, measures of dispute resolution, and demographic characteristics. After inputting the data into the SPSS version 26, Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric statistical tests were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that the average age of women was 31.47 ± 7.68 with a minimum age of 17 and a maximum of 55. The severity and frequency of the types of violence were measured, and the types of violence in the extreme state related to physical, mental, sexual, and verbal violence and resulting in physical injury were found to be 10%, 25%, 7%, 10%, and 19% respectively. Violence against pregnant mothers showed a significant relationship with the economic status of the family, the age of the mother's marriage, the education level of the parents, and the duration of their marriage (p<0.001). One of the most important variables affecting the severity and frequency of violence against pregnant women was the economic status of the family (p<0.001). Conclusion: The findings of this study show a connection between education level, economic status, and the prevalence of domestic violence. It is suggested to prioritize the development of diverse communication and problem-solving skills, as well as education related to family behavior on a wider scope.

A Self-Efficacy Theory-Based Study on the Teachers’ Readiness to Teach Artificial Intelligence in Public Schools in Sri Lanka

Objectives . This article explores teacher readiness for introducing artificial intelligence (AI) into Sri Lankan schools, drawing on self-efficacy theory. Similar to some other countries, Sri Lanka plans to integrate AI into the school curriculum soon. However, a key question remains: Are teachers prepared to teach this advanced technical subject to schoolchildren? Assessing teacher readiness is crucial, as it is intricately linked to the overall success of this initiative and will inform the development of appropriate policies. Participants . This study surveyed over 1,300 Sri Lankan public school teachers who teach Information and Communication Technology (ICT) using the snowball sampling approach. The respondents represent approximately 20% of the total ICT teacher population in Sri Lanka. Their readiness to teach AI was assessed using a general teacher self-efficacy scale specifically developed based on the well-established Self-Efficacy Theory. While key demographic factors like gender, education level and educational background were also collected, their impact analysis is not included in this article. Study Method . The study was conducted based on the premise that teachers’ readiness to teach AI hinges on their self-efficacy towards teaching AI in the classroom. This premise was substantiated through a review of existing research, and a conceptual model of teachers’ self-efficacy for AI instruction was developed. To assess this model, a nationwide survey targeting school ICT teachers was conducted. The questionnaire used in the survey was based on existing research on evaluating teacher self-efficacy. Data analysis, focusing on testing and validating the conceptual model, primarily employed the PLS-SEM approach. Findings . This study identified several key findings: (1) Teachers generally reported low self-efficacy regarding their ability to teach AI; (2) Teachers’ self-efficacy was most influenced by their emotional and physiological states, as well as their imaginary experiences related to teaching AI; (3) Surprisingly, mastery experiences had a lesser impact on their self-efficacy for teaching AI; and (4) Neither vicarious experiences (observing others teach AI) nor verbal persuasion had a significant impact on teachers’ self-efficacy. Additionally, the study revealed that the teachers’ own level of expertise in AI, along with their social capital, is insufficient to deliver a standard AI curriculum. Conclusions . The analysis of the results found that Sri Lankan teachers currently lack the readiness to teach AI in schools effectively. Potential lapses in certain sources of self-efficacy were also identified. It further revealed the need for a more systemic approach to teacher professional development. Therefore, the study recommends further research exploring the potential of incorporating a socio-technical systems perspective into the government’s teacher training initiatives.

Development of Learning Models to Enhance Students’ Creative Thinking: A Systematic Literature Review

Creative thinking is an essential component in education that drives innovation, problem-solving, and the development of students’ critical thinking skills. This study aims to review various learning models designed to enhance students’ creative thinking abilities through a systematic literature review (SLR). Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) framework, this research identifies, screens, and evaluates relevant articles from the Scopus database, resulting in eight studies that meet the inclusion criteria. The results indicate that, following innovative learning models such as play-based activities, digital-based virtual classrooms (VCLE), basic movement through play approaches, and project-based mathematics learning are effective in improving creativity, problem-solving, collaboration, and student learning motivation. The integration of technology, STEAM approaches, and creative game design also show positive effects in enhancing students’ creative thinking skills. The higher distribution of research at the tertiary education level highlights the need for greater focus on other educational levels, particularly secondary education, to ensure the benefits of learning innovation are evenly distributed. These findings provide practical implications for educators and policymakers, emphasizing the importance of using innovative teaching methods, integrated technology, and the role of teachers as facilitators to develop a conducive learning environment for student creativity. The study also identifies several limitations, including small trial scales and short research durations, indicating the need for further research with larger scales and longer durations. By continually exploring and developing effective learning models, it is expected that students can achieve their maximum potential in dynamic and diverse learning environments.

Using English to Realize “the Chinese dream”: the political-economic ideology of language planning in China

ABSTRACT This paper examines how “the Chinese Dream of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation” as a state’s ideology has influenced the global spread of English in China and how the political economy of this ideology has affected the state’s foreign language planning. To do so, it investigates two recently promulgated foreign language education policy documents, namely, the 2017 version of the English Curriculum Standards at the senior secondary education level and the 2022 version of the English Curriculum Standards at the compulsory education level. These documents were drafted, implemented and revised over the past decade, along with the advocacy of the fulfilment of the Chinese Dream. Through the lens of the global political economy and drawing upon the perspective of the modern world system, this paper uncovers the different layers of this state ideology towards global English and English learning over the past decade in relation to the evolving political and economic contexts of China on the international stage. It will also reveal, more broadly, how state ideologies towards English may evolve in contestations for economic and political power in the modern world system and how they could affect language planning.

The correlation between social class and public health: The mediating role of health self-management

The relationship between health and social class has been a topic of research for many years. However, the exact mechanism linking them with health self-management is still not completely clear. The main indicators of the independent variable social class are income and education level. The study used a descriptive approach using a social survey method, and collected data from a random sample of 699 individuals from the northern region of Jordan. The data were analyzed using SPSS 26 and EOMS, and we performed regression analysis and Pearson correlation test to examine the relationship between the independent and dependent variables. The results show a positive relationship between social class and health, with lower social classes producing unfavorable health. Although the health self-management of the lower social class has access to good food and self-evaluation, they are less able to provide health care compared to the upper class. Thus, this discrepancy contributes to health inequalities between members of the upper and lower social classes.

Breaking barriers: improving mammography screening accessibility and quality of care for breast cancer women with disabilities in Saudi Arabia

IntroductionBreast cancer screening remains pivotal in early detection and intervention. However, disparities persist, particularly among women with disabilities, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of their screening practices. This study aims to investigate breast cancer screening behaviours in Saudi women with disabilities.MethodsA cross-sectional study conducted in Saudi Arabia surveyed 307 women with disabilities, evaluating their screening frequency, knowledge of mammography, disability types, and duration. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was employed for data analysis.ResultsThe study found that 70.4% of participants had irregular breast cancer screenings, and 92.5% lacked tailored information on breast cancer screening. The primary sources of information were support groups (59.3%) and healthcare professionals (25.4%). Significant associations were observed between education levels and awareness of the importance of mammography and the increased risk of breast cancer in individuals with disabilities. Notably, participants with higher education levels demonstrated greater awareness.ConclusionThe findings highlight substantial gaps in breast cancer screening practices and knowledge among Saudi women with disabilities. There is a critical need for tailored educational programs, accessible information, and targeted awareness campaigns to address these disparities. Enhancing the accessibility of screening services and information for this demographic is essential for improving healthcare equity and outcomes.

User Behavior and Satisfaction in AI-Generated Video Tools: Insights from Surveys and Online Comments

Abstract. With the rapid advancement of AI, AI-generated video tools have become essential in digital content creation. However, there are significant differences in user acceptance and satisfaction with these tools. This study aims to explore the underlying reasons for these differences by analyzing user behavior, satisfaction levels, and preference characteristics through a questionnaire survey and online review data. Ridge regression analysis identified usage frequency and data security concerns as key factors influencing satisfaction, with familiarity and education level also playing significant roles. Based on these factors, K-means clustering categorized users into three groups: occasional users with high satisfaction, functionality-focused users with the highest satisfaction, and frequent users with lower satisfaction due to data security concerns. Sentiment analysis and LDA topic modeling of online reviews for five AI video tools-Animoto, Invideo, Lumen5, Pictory, and Synthesia-revealed differences in user evaluations. The findings indicate that Lumen5 excels in social media content creation, while Pictory has a weaker user experience with more negative feedback. The study concludes that developers should focus on increasing tool usage frequency and enhancing data security to improve user satisfaction. Moreover, targeted strategies based on different user segments can aid in more precise product optimization and market promotion. This research provides practical guidance for the further development of AI-generated video tools. Future studies could expand the sample size and data dimensions to further validate and deepen these conclusions.

Heterogeneity in the level of dementia literacy among community doctors in China: A latent profile analysis.

This study aimed to explore the heterogeneity of community doctors based on their knowledge of dementia and the potential factors associated with their dementia literacy. A total of 1288 community doctors completed the Alzheimer disease knowledge scale (ADKS) in a cross-sectional study conducted between December 2021 and January 2022. We used latent class analysis (LCA) to explore potential clusters based on responses to the ADKS. Multivariate multinomial logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the associations between potential risk factors and the knowledge of community doctors. Community doctors were divided into four clusters according to their knowledge structure (Akaike information criterion (AIC) = 35672.83, Bayesian information criterion (BIC) = 36307.63, adjusted BIC (aBIC) = 35916.91, entropy = 0.814): the severity-focused subgroup (n = 269), the physical issues-focused group (n = 370), the knowledge uncertainty group (n = 191), and the general-focused group (n = 458). Age, education level, type of practice, and professional title were associated with the knowledge structure of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition, the perception that patients seek care in community health centres for physical reasons and community doctors' failure to manage patients with recently identified cognitive impairment were associated with the structures of the ADKS among community doctors (P < 0.05). There is heterogeneity in the level of AD knowledge among community doctors and their demographic characteristics, perceptions, and practices. Further efforts are needed to optimise the knowledge structure of dementia among community health care professionals.

Do Time-Dependent Repeated Measures of Anthropometric and Body Composition Indices Improve the Prediction of Incident Diabetes in the Cohort Study? Findings from a Community-Based Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study.

Cumulative evidence consistently shows that anthropometric and body composition measurements are strongly linked to the risk of incident diabetes, typically based on baseline measurements. This study aims to assess whether repeated measurements enhance the prediction of diabetes risk beyond baseline assessments alone. We utilized data from a 16-year population-based follow-up cohort within the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study, comprising 6,030 individuals aged 40 to 69 years at baseline. We included eight indices: a body shape index (ABSI), body adiposity index (BAI), waist circumference (WC), body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), weight-adjusted skeletal muscle index (SMI), percent body fat, and fat-to-muscle ratio. The effect of these measurements for incident diabetes was estimated using Harrell's C-indexes and hazard ratios with 95% confidence intervals, employing time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models. Over the 16-year follow-up, 939 new diabetes cases were identified (cumulative incidence, 15.6%). The median number of indicator measurements per participant was eight. The basic model, including 10 features (sex, age, education levels, physical activity, alcohol intake, current smoking, total energy intake, dietary diversity score, and log-transformed C-reactive protein levels, and quartiles of unweighted genetic risk score at baseline), yielded a Harrell's C-index of 0.610. The highest C-index in repeated measurements was for WC (0.668) across the general population, weight-adjusted SMI in men, and WHR in women. However, except for ABSI and BAI, the diabetes predictive power of the other indicators was comparable. Additionally, repeated measurements of WC, BMI, and WHR in women were found to contribute to improved discrimination compared to baseline measurements, but not in men. Utilizing repeated measurements of general and central adiposity to predict diabetes may be helpful in predicting hidden risks, especially in women.

IMPROVING EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE THROUGH COMPETENCE AND WORK DISCIPLINE : A CASE STUDY AT THE REGIONAL SECRETARIAT OFFICE OF PATI REGENCY

This study aims to determine employee performance strategies through competence and work discipline. The population and sample used were employees of the Regional Secretariat Office of Pati Regency in the general section, totaling 50 respondents. The data collected were 50 respondents from the Regional Secretariat Office of Pati Regency, specifically the general section. The sampling technique used is a saturated sample. Data collection methods using primary data. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression analysis, the results of the analysis reveal that partial competence can be used as a strategy to improve employee performance through knowledge, skills, experience, attitudes, and education levels that support the positive and significant results of the analysis, as well as work discipline that to improve employee performance can use work discipline through high attendance, obeying the rules, obeying work standards, working ethically according to the results of the analysis which show positive and significant.

Managerial Ability of the Members of Agnigarh Producer Company Limited in Sonitpur District of Assam with Reference to Commercial Litchi Production

Farmer Producer Company is a company formed by a group of farmers who are producers come together to form a company. The present investigation was conducted out with the objective to measure the managerial ability of the members of Agnigarh Producer Company Limited in Sonitpur district of Assam with reference to commercial litchi production. Agnigarh Producer Company Limited was selected purposively, as the Farmer Producer Company dealing with commercial litchi production was operating in this district. A sample of 80 respondents was chosen from 13 selected villages in Sonitpur district using a proportionate random sampling method. To assess the managerial ability of the FPC members, the Managerial Ability Scale created by Jadav (2005) was used. The findings of the study revealed that majority of the respondents (43.75%) belonged to middle aged category with higher secondary level of formal education (41.25%). Majority of respondents (41.25%) belonged to small size of operational land holdings category and (60.00%) had medium level of litchi yield index with medium level of farm mechanization (70.00%) and medium level of irrigated area under litchi cultivation (77.50%). Majority of them (80.00%) had medium level of farm wage payment related to litchi cultivation with (53.75%) of respondents had medium level of experience in litchi cultivation. Whereas (63.75%) of respondents had medium level of attitude towards modern agriculture with high level of training exposure (50.00%). The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents (61.25%) had medium level of managerial ability index.