Education Law Research Articles

Challenges of Adult Education in China: A Review

This literature review examined the situation of adult education in China, using Knowles' Andragogy Theory and an assessment of legislation, policies, and challenges to adult learning. Knowles' approach emphasizes the value of self-directed, experiential learning, which is critical for adult learners. In China, the government has implemented laws such as the "Lifelong Education Law" to encourage continual learning, although considerable problems remain. These include insufficient finance, out-of-date curricula, restricted access to educational resources, and social attitudes that devalue adult education. Therefore, this review emphasized the need for policy refinement, creative teaching methods, and more investment in infrastructure and educator training. Addressing these difficulties is essential in developing a strong adult education system in China that encourages lifelong learning.

Using Mother Tongue in Teaching and Learning Legal English Terminology in a Vietnamese University: Teachers and Learners’ Voices

Communicative Language Teaching (CLT) approach has led to the minimization of the use of the mother tongue (L1) in second (L2/SL)/ foreign (FL) language/ English for Specific Purposes (ESP) settings. Nevertheless, in recent years, there has been an increasingly tendency to use L1 in language teaching and learning, especially in the ESP contexts, for its undeniable efficacy, one of which is terminological standardization (Glušac, 2023, p.100). Accordingly, this paper focuses on investigating the teachers and learners’ perceptions together with their L1 utilization in teaching and learning legal English (LE) terminology in English-for-law classes at a tertiary law education institution. To achieve the aims, a mixed-method approach by dint of a survey questionnaire and semi-structured interviews with the participation of 164 students and five LE instructors. Classroom observations were also conducted to justify the teachers’ practice of using L1. The findings show that there was congruence between learners and teachers’ supportive views on the benefits of L1 in teaching and learning LE terms. LE majors and law majors share similar attitudes in the choice of either L1 or L2, yet statistically significant differences were witnessed as regards their English language proficiency levels in acquiring LE terms. Such findings are hoped to be worthy to both LE instructors and learners in teaching and learning LE terminology process.

Applying critical pedagogies to human rights education

ABSTRACT The right to education is recognised in international human rights law, underpinned by guidance for human rights education to assure the goals of the UN Charter. While this vision for human rights education has been around since the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, recent developments at UN level have galvanised interdisciplinary scholarship, drawing pedagogical frameworks from education studies, sociology, development studies, psychology, and philosophy into the teaching of international human rights law generally situated within law schools in higher education. Yet scholarship on the pedagogy of human rights education is in its infancy. Recent trends point to the transformative potential of utilising radical and critical pedagogies in furtherance of human rights education. Adding to the toolkit, this article presents a conceptually oriented framework for application to human rights educational practice. It builds on critical human rights education scholarship, interrogating how human rights education can tackle structural injustice, elucidating ways to infuse classroom learning with horizontal human rights principles, and examining the psychosocial factors in this kind of learning. The application of critical pedagogies to human rights education will be of interest to human rights educators and students of human rights everywhere.

Psychological Analysis and Psychological Training of Piano Teaching Based on the Analysis of Emotional Characteristics

Modern piano teaching theory attempts to explore the basic laws of modern piano teaching by using emotional feature recognition algorithm from the emotional level and in the analysis of emotional characteristics, deeply reveal the important value of emotion in piano teaching, and effectively improve the quality of piano teaching, which is also what this paper tries to clarify. This paper studies the psychology of piano teaching based on the emotional feature recognition method. In the proportion of piano teaching, when the number of experiments is 6, the average proportion of machine learning algorithm is 56.5%, the average proportion of decision tree algorithm is 55.1%, the average proportion of data mining algorithm is 58.7%, and the average proportion of this method is 61.8%. It can be seen that the proportion of this method in piano teaching is the highest. This method is used to cultivate students' learning enthusiasm, constantly overcome all kinds of difficulties, change restlessness, irritability and other bad mentality, so as to achieve better learning effect.

Analysis of virtual simulation training teaching problems of intellectual property law based on real working situations

This article aims to take AI intelligent training software and real business drills of intellectual property as the training mode to carry out intellectual property-related training in fields such as data intellectual property creation, application, management, transformation, and education, and truly achieve the educational goal of integrating science, education and industry. First, innovate the intellectual property training platform. Through AI question-and-answer led by digital human images, introduce front-line practical experts in the field of intellectual property into the virtual simulation training teaching process, build a training scene for the entire chain protection of intellectual property and real working situations, and improve the practical effect of training and cultivating intellectual property talents. Second, deepen the social service system of intellectual property. Project team members guide students and trainees to actively participate in patent navigation, patent group projects, pilot projects, intellectual property protection projects, etc., exercise and promote the continuous improvement of the social service capabilities of various intellectual property talents. At the end of the article, it is proposed that while intellectual property law teaching adapts to the development needs of the digital age, it should take the construction and teaching application of a virtual simulation experiment platform in real work situations as the core, respond to the practical needs of social practice work, and improve students' ability to adapt to society. The organic integration of AI technology, digital human technology and practical training teaching of intellectual property law has certain reference significance for the realization of the metaverse vision.

Special Education Law and Services for Pediatricians.

Rates of developmental screening have increased, and understanding how to discuss delays with families is imperative. Knowledge of federal and state law regarding special education is needed. Families often need support to understand the complexity of early intervention and school district-based services. The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act is the law that mandates services for children from birth to age 21 years who require them. Early intervention provides services for children age 0 to 3 years who have a delay or a condition with a high probability of delay. School-based services for children age 3 to 21 years provide children with disabilities with a free and appropriate public education in the least restrictive environment. While details of the laws are state and location specific, understanding the general principles of the law is important to support children and families navigate this very complex system and receive needed support. [Pediatr Ann. 2024;53(10):e366-e371.].

Research on Intellectual Property Law Education in Higher Education Institutions under the Background of Optimizing the Business Environment

With the acceleration of global economic integration and informatization, intellectual property has become a core competitiveness of a country. Optimizing the business environment and promoting high-quality development have become major strategic measures for the economic development of a country or even the entire region. As an important base for knowledge production and dissemination, universities play a crucial role in optimizing the business environment. Intellectual property legal education is an important component of higher education, not only in cultivating specialized talents in intellectual property, but also in promoting technological innovation and economic development. In the context of optimizing the business environment, exploring the reform and innovation of intellectual property legal education in universities has important theoretical and practical significance for improving China's intellectual property protection level, promoting the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, and promoting high-quality socio-economic development.

PRESCHOOL TEACHERS PREPARATION FOR WORKING WITH CHILDREN WITH SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL NEEDS IN CALIFORNIA

Following the realization of the importance of early development and the low quality of early childhood education programs in the United States the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) and the Council for Exceptional Children (CEC) were established to develop professional standards for special educators. It was found that the most important factor in providing education for children with special needs is well-trained teaching staff. Principles for ensuring the existence of high-quality programs for kindergartens began to be developed. A new concept of “Developmentally Appropriate Practice” was formed by The National Association for Nursery Education (NANE and seven standards for the professional training of early childhood teachers were proposed. The Education for All Handicapped Children Act was passed by the Congress in 1975. IDEA regulates how states and public agencies provide early intervention, special education, and other services. The state has established grants to improve the quality of school education by attracting and retaining effective teachers. It was found that 7 million, or 14% of all public school received special education services. The California Commission on Teacher Credentialing is revising the Special Education Standards for Children with Disabilities. The commission developed draft teaching, administration, and preparation program guidelines in collaboration with a technical advisory group of early childhood education professionals. It was clarified that there are additional internship programs in California, Completion of the internship program leads to a Certificate of Eligibility to Teach, which is identical to completion of a traditional teacher preparation program. It was concluded that the policy of the Department of Education, the educational laws of the United States are aimed at encouraging participation in formal and informal professional learning, but it should be a continuous process, because adults providing care and education are responsible for the progress of children throughout their lives.

Exploration of the Application of Modern Information Technology in the Teaching of Criminal Law

With the arrival of the information age, modern information technology is more and more widely used in the teaching of criminal law, injecting fresh blood into it and revitalizing the discipline of criminal law. However, the use of modern information technology by criminal law teachers in the practical teaching of criminal law often fails to achieve the expected results, which indicates that the level of modern information technology mastered by criminal law teachers needs to be improved. In order to stimulate students' interest in learning criminal law in the new era, teachers of criminal law need to give full play to the advantages of modern information technology, and not only reasonably use cell phone APP function, micro classes and short videos and other skills to improve the level of modern information skills of their own teachers in the teaching of criminal law, but also pay attention to the organic fusion of the teaching method and modern information technology, highlighting the key points of the teaching, and focusing on the teaching effect.

On the Reform and Development of Practice Teaching of Undergraduate Law—Taking the Mooot Court Course as an Example

Legal education has the dual attributes of academic and practical, and cracking the "paradox" between them is the basic problem facing legal education. Undergraduate law education is the basis of law education in China. To improve the quality of training legal personnel, it is necessary to continuously deepen the teaching reform of undergraduate law education. Since the implementation of the national and local excellent rule of law (legal) talent education and training plan, the education model based on the single transfer of theoretical knowledge has been challenged to a considerable degree. After a long period of exploration, the "moot court" has been widely recognized as a "standing course" in undergraduate law education, but problems such as the vague positioning of the "moot court" still exist. Under the situation of "encouraging universities to develop practical teaching courses", undergraduate law education must further improve the undergraduate law practice teaching system through effective measures to reform the undergraduate law practice teaching and promote the development of undergraduate law education in China.

On Several Issues Concerning the Moderate Codification of Education Law in China

The compilation of the education code is a key task for many countries to promote the revitalization of education, and it is also an inevitable trend of education development. Determining the path, choosing the compilation model, designing the structural framework, and technical positioning are the key issues in realizing the compilation of the education code. In terms of the path, it is recommended to adopt the "two-step" approach of drafting the general provisions first and then compiling the specific provisions. In terms of the selection of the compilation model, it is recommended to adopt the idea of "moderate compilation" to balance the characteristics of my country's existing legal system in the field of education. Under the framework of "general provisions + specific provisions", the general provisions should be structurally arranged around the right to education, and the specific provisions should be logically arranged according to the type of education. In terms of structural framework and reconstruction, a system that meets the unique system logic requirements should be considered to achieve the scientific nature of the education code. The "common element extraction method" should be selectively used to summarize and generalize legal norms.

Research on the Cultivation of Critical Thinking Ability in College English Teaching under the Background of New Liberal Arts

Under the background of new liberal arts, the traditional college English teaching model which is mainly based on knowledge input can no longer meet the goal of talent cultivation. In the new liberal arts pattern, taking the cultivation of students' critical thinking ability as the entry point and exploring a three-dimensional and comprehensive teaching system for college English critical thinking ability not only conforms to the teaching laws of language classes but also can cultivate students' comprehensive English application ability, effectively promote the construction of a new college English curriculum system, and improve students' comprehensive qualities and abilities.

The Role of Government and Community Collaboration in the Implementation of Waste Management Policies in Palu City

Waste management is a crucial issue for the growing city of Palu. Collaboration between the government and the community is the key to effective and sustainable waste management policy implementation. This study aims to describe the collaborative role between the government and the community in the implementation of waste management policies in Palu City. The method used is descriptive, with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews with relevant parties, and analysis of waste management policy documents. The data obtained was analysed qualitatively to provide an overview of the dynamics of collaboration that occurred. The results showed that the Palu City government has played a role in formulating policies, providing waste management facilities and infrastructure, and building a supportive regulatory framework. The government also initiated waste management programmes such as waste banks and temporary disposal sites (TPS)). On the other hand, the role of the community is seen through active participation in these programmes, as well as involvement in waste reduction and recycling activities in their respective neighbourhoods. Nonetheless, challenges are still faced, including the low level of public awareness, the lack of supporting facilities, and inadequate law enforcement. This study concludes that good collaboration between the government and the community is essential in achieving more effective waste management in Palu City. Strengthening collaboration through education, improving facilities, and consistent law enforcement are needed so that waste management policies can be implemented optimally.

De-centring inclusion: Discussing the meaning and place of inclusive education in international and European law through the case of children with autism

This paper aims to contribute to the current legal reflections on the meaning and place of inclusive education within the conception of the right to education. While the recent progress on inclusive education have contributed to enhance the realisation of the right to education for many disabled children, it has had mixed results for others. Autistic children in particular appear to still suffer from poor educational experience and outcomes. This paper argues that better fulfilling the right to education of autistic children will entail abandoning the conception of inclusive education as exclusively realised in mainstream schools. Instead, it appears important to offer a variety of settings and to refocus the discussions on the notions of non-discrimination and substantial equality, quality education, and children's rights.

Legal regulation of education in Ukraine. Part 2: The accessibility of education under military emergency

After receiving the results of the first study from the cycle of research on the principle of the supremacy of law in education under military emergency, it turned out to be necessary to conduct the next study on the accessibility of education in Ukraine during the mentioned period. It is also associated with the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, which in 2024 changed the rules for admission to higher educational institutions and limited access to education for those seeking education who declared their desire to study full-time and on a paid basis in postgraduate studies for obtaining the third (educational and scientific) level of higher education. The Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine, as has always been the case, defended its discriminatory reforms regarding the availability of education, referring to the introduction of a military emergency in Ukraine and problems in the process of mobilizing students for war. At the same time, access to education was limited both for paid education recipients (at their own expense) and for free education recipients (at the expense of state and local allocations). In turn, taking into account the fact that in Ukraine the system of grant education at the expense of scholarships from universities, philanthropists, and sponsors practically does not operate, this situation became a certain cataclysm in the field of education, which negatively affected both students (who began to go abroad en masse) and higher educational institutions. First of all, it is connected with depriving a number of young scientists of the opportunity to continue their research through postgraduate study, and secondly, with depriving higher educational institutions of income, the absence of which can lead such educational institutions to bankruptcy. As a result, the legality of the actions of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine and the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine regarding restricting access to education became acute in Ukrainian society. This article is the second article from the cycle of research. It contains the results of a legal study of education accessibility during the military emergency in Ukraine.

Examining Government Preference for Enhancing Islamic Education Through Regulatory Review

Government regulations on Islamic education in Indonesia have provided significant clarity and fulfilled educational needs within a developing society. These regulations demonstrate democratic, cultural, and adaptable qualities in the legal framework of Islamic education. However, challenges remain in achieving parity between Islamic and general education policies. This research employed a literature review approach, analyzing data from books, scientific articles, and research reports. A comparative and historical analysis was conducted to assess the impact of government policies on Islamic education. The findings reveal three key outcomes: (1) Government policies have shaped Islamic education to help students understand and practice their religious teachings across various levels of general education; (2) The Ministry of Religion has been granted autonomy to determine Islamic education curriculum policies; and (3) Political efforts to equalize the status of Islamic education with general education have encountered significant challenges, hindering policy development. The research highlights the ongoing struggle to integrate Islamic education within the broader educational system, which continues to present obstacles for policymakers. Despite these challenges, the autonomy granted to the Ministry of Religion marks progress in shaping the curriculum according to Islamic values. The study provides valuable insights for policymakers and stakeholders, offering guidance on improving Islamic education policies in Indonesia. Further efforts are necessary to address the political challenges that affect the development and implementation of Islamic education laws.

Neurodiversity in Saudi Arabia: Towards quality education and reduced inequalities

Traditional educational frameworks in Saudi Arabia have historically adopted a deficit-based approach to special education, potentially overlooking the benefits of neurodiversity. As global educational paradigms shift toward inclusive practices, examining the alignment of Saudi special education laws with neurodiversity principles becomes crucial. This content analysis study aimed to explore the existing literature on special education in Saudi Arabia to ascertain whether the laws and policies support or hinder the practice of neurodiversity, a concept that is gaining international recognition but remains nascent in Saudi Arabia. A systematic literature search was performed in Web of Science and Scopus, yielding 21 relevant studies after screening and application of inclusion criteria. A content analysis was conducted, focusing on the categorization of data relevant to special education laws and their implications for neurodiversity. The analysis identified seven key categories, including Implementation of Inclusive education and transition services, that reflect the current state of special education laws in relation to neurodiversity. A conceptual model was developed, illustrating the potential of special education laws to both support and impede neurodiversity in Saudi Arabia and potentially worldwide.

Evaluating Policy Efficacy in Higher Education: A Synthetic Control Analysis of Ecuador’s Higher Education Law on Research Productivity

Background: This paper investigates the impact of Ecuador’s Ley Orgánica de Educación Superior (LOES), enacted in 2010, which mandated comprehensive reforms in higher education. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine whether the implementation of the LOES has led to a significant increase in academic publications in Ecuador, thereby contributing to sustainable educational practices and aligning with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In this context, sustainability refers to the ongoing capacity of higher education institutions to generate research that contributes to the long-term development of knowledge, aligns with global sustainability goals, and ensures educational practices that are responsive to societal needs. Methods: Using a synthetic control method, this study evaluates the impact of the LOES on the number of academic publications recorded in Scopus. A synthetic control consisting of data from countries with similar educational and economic profiles serves as a counterfactual to Ecuador’s situation. Results: Before the LOES, the average annual number of publications was stable at 253.4 per year. Post-2010, this number surged, reaching an average of 3645.84 publications per year, representing a 358.41% increase. By 2023, the actual number of publications in Ecuador rose to approximately 6584, significantly surpassing the synthetic control estimate of 1431 publications. Conclusions: The findings confirm that the LOES has been effective in increasing research output and advancing educational sustainability in Ecuador. This analysis not only contributes to the literature on the impact of educational policies but also demonstrates the utility of synthetic control methods in assessing policy effectiveness, underscoring the potential of targeted interventions to promote academic excellence and sustainability in education.

New 2024 Title IX regulations remain in limbo for many states

The long‐awaited Biden‐era Title IX regulations that were issued in April of this year represented a major development in higher education law, differing from previous iterations of Title IX rules in dramatic ways.

Talent Development Pathways for Integrating Law and Business in Chinese Universities

The practice of “integration of law and business” in universities has a history of nearly twenty years in China. With the maturity of China’s market economy system, the cultivation of compound talents of law and business become more and more important in the future development of business majors and law majors in universities. This paper mainly adopts literature research method and induction and summary method to collect the relevant literature of the “integration of law and business” curriculum construction and talent training path in the four platforms, and summarizes and analyzes the specific practices in the university running practice. Through research, it is found that in the past five years, the trend of “integration of law and business” in running schools in domestic colleges and universities has been rising, and many business majors in colleges and universities implement the integration of law and business in related courses such as “Economic Law”, “International Economic Law” and “International Trade Law”. Construction of the team of compound teachers of law and business and emphasis on practical teaching are the core part of the cultivating compound talents of law and business. Combing through the historical practice of the training of complex talents of law and business in domestic colleges and universities is helpful to provide reference and guidance for other colleges and universities to carry out the reform of the integration of law and business education, and is conducive to deepening and improving the training mechanism of complex talents of law and business, and train talents who can truly meet the needs of economic and social development.