Education In Punjab Research Articles

Academic Integrity in Special Education Schools: Exploring the Perception of Visually Impaired Students

Academic integrity is important for any special education institution and its stakeholders to continue providing students with visual impairments with a high-quality education. Visually impaired students receiving special education in their respective institutions keenly observe their educational system. The study aimed to inquire about the status of academic integrity through visually impaired students’ perception in their respective institutes of special education in Punjab. This study used an explanatory type of research through a qualitative approach. An independently created semi-structured interview served as the data collection instrument. Three (03) experts in the field validated the instrument. A thorough literature review was conducted to verify the questionnaire's reliability. According to the study questions, six major themes emerged from the data analysis. The study’s findings revealed that visually impaired students consider their classmates a reliable source for sharing information during class assessments. This study recommends that teachers of visually impaired students should be trained enough to develop quality academic skills among visually impaired students to get rid of cheating in exams through copying or taking help from anyone.

Women Education in Colonial Punjab: Significance of Women Teachers and Training Institutions

This paper documents and analyzes the dynamics of women’s education chronologically, with a focus on women teachers and training institution in Punjab, before its annexation in 1849 by the British and during its colonial phase. Prior to 1849 Punjab had a vibrant and thriving indigenous educational system. There are evidences that women received education through the existing mechanisms, a fact appreciated by William Adam in his famous reports. The change in the medium of instruction from ‘Persian’- the official language of the state, to ‘Urdu’ after annexation, proved detrimental not only to the women’s education but overall education too. The unavailability of women teachers added to the despair as the simple idea of a ‘woman teacher’ was widely challenged by several old schools. The male opposition fearing competition from lesser paid women colleagues, and existing stereotypes regarding the responsibilities of women, restrained the efforts for women teacher training. Allender admits that not only in India but also in Britain, women teaching professionals had to struggle for acceptance. The training schools advanced the cause of women education through native women; it was agreed that only native women could help extend women’s education; hence they must be trained for this cause. As a result of this historic phenomenon, we now have the National Council for Teacher Education training men and women teachers. As we embark on this research, data collected from various Regional and National Archives and libraries related to women’s education in colonial Punjab has been reoriented to develop arguments according to the theme of this paper. This research shall enrich our understanding about decisive constituents of women’s education in Punjab from a historical perspective; and reflect on the contemporary need to create a women inclusive system and functionaries working at the grassroots to reduce inequality of opportunities and recognition.

More Snakes Than Ladders: Mass Schooling, Social Closure, and the Pursuit of Taraqqi (Social Mobility) in Rural Pakistan☆

AbstractThe international educational agenda that drives the educational expansion in the Global South makes universalist assumptions about the role of education in reducing poverty and promoting social mobility. Challenging these assumptions, this paper asks whether educational expansion in such contexts reduces social inequality across generations by offering individuals, from whatever background, educational opportunities and access to higher status livelihoods. By using Weberian and Bourdieusian theoretical frameworks, and drawing upon the perspectives of the families in rural Punjab, the paper contributes to the literature by revealing how local rural power relations in landownership, caste systems, religious identity, and political patronage, and their manifestation in the cultural realm, enact a form of social closure that closes off resources and opportunities for the disadvantaged to pursue social mobility through schooling. These power relations not only place limits on the assumed equalizing role of education in rural Punjab, but they also tend to perpetuate inequality in and through education. The paper argues that a sociological understanding of the role that education plays in the everyday rural life is crucial for designing a nuanced educational agenda capable of engaging with, rather than assuming away social and economic inequality in hierarchal societies.

Analysis of Brain-based Learning Pattern in Early Childhood Education in Punjab

This study investigated teachers' attitudes towards Brain-Based Learning (BBL) in Early Childhood Education (ECE) using a descriptive approach and purposive sampling. Data from 209 teachers in Multan's Government schools where Early Childhood Education being taught were collected through a modified questionnaire based on Shelly Klinek's work (2009), but adapted and modified to align with the Pakistani context and the specific needs of the educational landscape in the region. The analysis of the collected data involved the use of statistical measures such as mean, standard deviation, and chi-square, with the software SPSS employed for the analysis. The findings of the study revealed a generally positive attitude among teachers towards the implementation of BBL in ECE. Moreover, significant mean differences were observed in various demographic factors, including teaching level, academic qualification, professional qualification, and teaching experience, concerning teachers' attitudes towards BBL at the ECE level. Recommendations include educational authorities organizing seminars or workshops focused on BBL in ECE to familiarize teachers, especially new ones, with brain-compatible classroom principles. Targeted professional development opportunities can effectively support teachers in implementing BBL, enhancing learning experiences for young children in early childhood education.

Diagnostic Study of the Dyslexion Factor in Urdu Language at Early Classes in Public Schools of South Punjab

Dyslexia, a specific learning disability, exerts profound effects on language acquisition and educational attainment. This study delves into the underexplored domain of dyslexia within the context of the Urdu language, as encountered by students in public schools of South Punjab, Pakistan. Employing a comprehensive battery of standardized tasks and tests, the study diagnoses the presence of dyslexia and assesses its impact on the reading and writing processes. The findings reveal a spectrum of dyslexic characteristics among students, as evidenced by challenges in phonological awareness, letter-sound recognition, rapid automatized naming, and comprehension. Dyslexia significantly affects their ability to decode unfamiliar words and comprehend text. Concurrent qualitative interviews shed light on the diverse attitudes and reactions of students toward dyslexia, from determination to anxiety. This study's results underscore the necessity for tailored interventions, early screening, and teacher training to support students with dyslexia in mastering the Urdu language. By focusing on both the diagnosis of dyslexia and its implications for language learning, the study hopes to contribute to more inclusive and effective education in South Punjab's public schools. The findings reveal a spectrum of dyslexic characteristics among students, as evidenced by challenges in phonological awareness, letter-sound recognition, rapid automatized naming, and comprehension. Dyslexia significantly affects their ability to decode unfamiliar words and comprehend text. Concurrent qualitative interviews shed light on the diverse attitudes and reactions of students toward dyslexia, from determination to anxiety. This study's results underscore the necessity for tailored interventions, early screening, and teacher training to support students with dyslexia in mastering the Urdu language. By focusing on both the diagnosis of dyslexia and its implications for language learning, the study hopes to contribute to more inclusive and effective education in South Punjab's public schools. Keywords: Dyslexia, Urdu Language, Public Schools, South Punjab, Language Learning, Standardized Tasks, Reading, Writing

Ten Years of Early Childhood Education (ECE) in Punjab (Pakistan): What Have We Learned?

ABSTRACT This article adopts a process evaluation approach to identify the challenges and opportunities in scaled implementation of early childhood education (ECE) in Pakistan’s most populous province, Punjab. It reports findings from mixed methods, including surveys administered to head teachers, ECE teachers, and parents across 386 schools, and focus groups and in-depth interviews with 25 participants across the different tiers of government. Using the RISE framework as an analytical lens, the article specifically explores issues of delegation, finance, information, and motivation across two accountability relationships – Compact and Management – to assess the extent to which the province’s early learning system is coherent around the goal of scaling quality early learning. Research findings reveal multiple incoherences within each relationship of accountability as well as incoherences within similar elements across the two accountability relationships. The resulting insights indicate the need to strengthen the province’s early learning system and improve the flow of accountability through effective delegation, including improved coordination, communication, and feedback mechanisms; effective finance, including resources for capacitating actors across all tiers of government; effective information, especially collection and utilization of data on process quality; and effective motivation to address weaker links in teacher allocation, incentives, professional development, and academic support.

Institutionalizing Civic Engagement through Skilled Civic Education: A Critical Analysis of Youth Development and Education Policies in Punjab Pakistan

ABSTRACT: This study critically examines the intricate relationship between youth development and educational policies within the evolving societal landscape of Punjab, Pakistan. Positioned at a pivotal juncture of societal transformation, the study rigorously examines the institutional frameworks in education that influence civic engagement among the youth, thoroughly inspecting the existing policies in place. The primary objective is to discern the key drivers and obstacles impeding the institutionalization of civic engagement within the Pakistani education system. Special attention is given to the impact of both curricular and extracurricular initiatives on youth development, highlighting their potential to instill civic responsibility.
 Purpose: This article engages with theoretical frameworks that underpin skilled civic education, delving into the broader implications of cultivating an informed and responsible citizenry.
 Design/Methodology/Approach: Employing a descriptive approach and qualitative methodology, the investigation aims to comprehensively analyze the policy landscape.
 Findings: The verdicts of this research make an extensive input to the ongoing discourse on skilled civic education and youth development in Punjab.
 Implications/Originality/Value: This article concludes with challenges and actionable commendations tailored for policy makers, educators and stakeholders offering insights to enhance the institutionalization of civic engagement through skilled civic education in the region

Learning Innovation Utilization in Technical Education: A Quantitative Study

This paper investigated students' perceptions and usage of learning innovations in technical and vocational education and training (TEVT) colleges in Punjab, Pakistan. Technologies explored included computers, software, internet, CDs/DVDs, and multimedia. A survey methodology gathered input from 406 randomly selected students pursuing technology-related diploma and undergraduate programs. It was a quantitative study. Keeping in view the objective of the study, a 5-point Likert scale was developed. The data were analyzed through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 20. Findings revealed foundational technology access is decent, including computer availability (mean=3.44) and internet connectivity (mean=3.90). Self-professed digital literacy levels were also relatively high (mean=3.59). However, actual integration into instruction lagged in areas like leveraging software tools (mean=3.16), multimedia systems (mean=3.76), and especially CD/DVDs (mean=2.75). Analysis illuminated gaps between infrastructure readiness and full-fledged adoption to enhance learning experiences. Students showed an appetite for online self-directed usage, though formal blended integration models are still developing. Findings confirm that while technical access provides a starting point, TEVT institutions should still activate progress through teacher readiness, active learning pedagogies, and reduced barriers inhibiting sophisticated digitally enabled instruction. Strategic commitments can leverage student capabilities toward truly immersive technical education fitting industry innovation.

Quality Teacher Education in Punjab with the vision of the International Network of Teacher Education Institutes

Punjab is assisting the nation in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 4: Quality Education by putting the Asia-Pacific ESD Teacher Competency Framework into practice. A comparison of Punjab's public and private universities that provide teacher education is another goal of this research, as is determining how many of the different elements of ESD have been covered in the courses that make up the B.Ed. honors program. Along with a content study of the latter, the integration of the three domains of the Asia-Pacific ESD Teacher Competency Framework into the curriculum has also been sought. Several Punjabi institutions, both public and private, have incorporated the SDG curriculum into their teacher preparation programs.

Business Education and Entrepreneurial Participation in Punjab: Mediating Role of Financial Literacy

Business Education and Entrepreneurial Participation in Punjab: Mediating Role of Financial Literacy

Declining quality of technical education in India: an evidence from Punjab state

After the mushrooming growth of the institutions providing technical education in India, questions are being raised about the quality of education dispensed to technical graduates. The purpose of this study is to recognise the various factors, in order of their importance, that are responsible for declining quality of technical education in Punjab, India. A structured questionnaire was administered to a random sample of 465 students and 310 teachers from 31 engineering institutions of the Punjab region in India. Kendall’s Coefficient of Concordance was used to analyse the data. The result of the analysis of factors leading to deteriorating quality of technical education in Punjab reveals that at aggregate level, students have assigned rank I to economic factors; the teachers has assigned rank I to ethical factors.

Factors Affecting Learning Expectancy through Open Educational Resources A Case of Higher Education in Punjab - Pakistan

The focused of this study was to know the factor affecting learning expectancy through open educational resources at higher educational level. Open educational resources means that give unbiased entrance to information and knowledge at any level for everyone. The main aim of the study was to measure the relationship between learning expectancy and open educational resources at higher education level. The current study used positivist paradigm of research which purely promotes quantitative research approach. The deep emphasis of quantitative design is to know objective reality and express this reality into numerical data. Similarly, target population of this study was comprised of all the students enrolled in BS, M. Phil and PhD Education Programs in public and private sector universities of Punjab province. In Probability sampling, non-proportionate stratified random sampling technique was used and sample size of the study was (N=400). Data was collected through structured questionnaires. Furthermore, data was analyzed through Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version-23. The main finding of the study revealed that .543 of variation in the dependent variable transformative is explained by the independent variables included in the model (UB, social influence, facilitating consideration, and m-learning technology characteristics, self-management learning technology, behavioral intention to use m-learning technology). This model is a good fit and has significant predictors of transformative.

International Development Partner's Role in the Empowerment of Women Through Education in South Punjab (2001-2020)

Role of international development partners to empower women through the provision of education in South Punjab (2001-2020) has been significant for the promotion of gender equality and empowering women in the region. The study utilizes a qualitative research design and employs the document analysis method to collect data from relevant documents including reports and publications by international development partners and government agencies. The data is analyzed using thematic analysis and the findings are presented in the form of themes and sub-themes. In conclusion, this study highlights the critical role of international development partners in the promotion of the rights of women through the provision of education facilities and gender equality in South Punjab. These challenges include cultural and societal norms, inadequate funding, and lack of political will. The study recommends that international development partners continue to work in collaboration with government agencies and social organizations to address these challenges and promotion of rights of women and gender equality in the region.

Mediation Analysis of Factors Affecting the Performance of Public Schools at Early Childhood

The main purpose of this study was to examine the factors that affect the performance of public schools for early childhood education (ECE) in Punjab, Pakistan. ECE focuses on provision of effective nutrition, health care, secure and compassionate environment and participatory opportunities for the children of 3-5 years age

Factors Affecting Enrollment in Early Childhood Education: A Case Study of Punjab

The current research study was aimed to examine the factors affectingenrollment in early childhood education in Punjab, Pakistan. Theobjectives of the study were, to identify the factors affecting the enrolmentof early childhood education. And to find the relationship between factorsaffecting the enrollment of early childhood education in Punjab. Thesurvey method was used and the three districts were select for the conductof this research study. There were three categories of the literacy ratehighest (49.3% to 71.6%), middle (34.4% to 49%), and lowest (21.7 % to34%) in Punjab. Stratified random sampling techniques were used andstrata were made based on literacy rate. concerning the literacy rate. Onedistrict chooses to form each category of the literacy rate. One district wastaken from each category. 100 heads were taken as a sample from thesethree districts. It was found from the result, that three major factors areaffecting the enrollment of early childhood education in Punjab. It wasconcluded, from the finding that, the parents, teachers, and schoolinfrastructure are the keys factors, which affect the enrollment of earlychildhood education in Punjab. It was also found that there is a relationbetween these factors and the enrollment at early childhood education inPunjab. It was concluded, that the training is required to train the teachersfor the enrollment and motivation of the parents for enrollment for earlychildhood education. Whereas, the provision of physical facilities in theschool, will also enhance enrollment.

Unequal pay for equal education! A case of gender wage gap from Punjab, Pakistan

This study aimed to quantify the returns to tertiary educational attainment and measures the extent to which these returns differ for men and women. The article provides new empirical evidence of the returns to tertiary education literature by introducing a unique instrument, namely the supply of education to deal with endogeneity. The analysis is implemented using a pooled cross-section of five rounds of the Pakistan Social and Living Standards survey with 10,000 observations. The results show that the marginal returns to acquiring one extra year of education beyond matriculation are higher for women than for men. This result could partially explain the reversal of the gender gap in enrolments from secondary and lower to the post-secondary level of education in Punjab. The first stage results highlight the significance of investing in physical infrastructure for the greater accumulation of human capital.

Impact of Affective use of ICT in Teaching Mathematics at Secondary Level

The government of Punjab Pakistan is taking steps to keep up the quality of education particularly at school level. There are three steps in school education in Punjab. First is Primary second is elementary and third is high school education of secondary level education. Initially government has taken steps for provision of information communication technology to its secondary level education. Almost all high schools of the government of Punjab have now been ornamented with IT labs. Most of which have smart board facility and Tabs for transmission of information. The government is working on regular basis on the task to provide numerous schemes of information communication technologies to schools particularly at secondary level. However proper teaching of every subject specially mathematics through information communication technologies is still lacking in the country especially in Punjab. Through this paper we have indicated some aspects through which we are able to decrease rote habits through Information Communication Technology. The IT Labs in the schools of Punjab is not being used by the teachers of the other subjects. So, there is very least use of IT Labs in teaching process of the other subjects in the secondary school. This paper presents the need of using ICT in other subjects especially in mathematics to build up the confidence in the teachers using ICT in teaching of mathematics. Some sort of lacking of time to the teachers in the classroom is also a base of poor teaching. Giving access to IT labs and their use to the non-IT teachers as well can be helpful in achieving the quality education at High school level. The conclusion of this paper drawn from collected data and after statistical analysis of it, suggestions have been indicated to keep up the concept building approach of mathematics students through ICT in Punjab through district Gujranwala.

Parental Satisfaction and Involvement in the Provision of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Punjab

Parental Satisfaction and Involvement in the Provision of Technical and Vocational Education and Training in Punjab

The Attitude of Physical Therapy Students Towards their Profession and Education in Punjab

Background: The quality of medical teaching can be refined based on the attitude of the students towards their clinical and teaching environment. The objective was to determine student attitudes towards their profession and education in Punjab.
 Methodology: This cross-sectional survey was conducted from 20th July to December 2021 after taking ethical approval. The data was collected through an online google document from physical therapy undergraduates and post graduates from different institutes of Punjab. The outcome was measured using “physical therapy student attitudes questionnaire (PSAQ)”.It had four sections, section A is about the knowledge of the profession, section B includes beliefs about future, section C is about patient exposure in clinical trainings and section D is about level of satisfaction from the learnings. The data was encoded and analyzed using SPPS V.23. The descriptive statistics and mean+ standard deviations were used to present the scores. The independent sample t-test was used to find the difference in mean scores of males and females with p value ≤ 0.05 taken as significant.
 Results: The current study comprised of 82(32.15%) males and 173(67.84%) females with mean age of 22.5+6.5 years. The overall satisfaction level regarding knowledge, future beliefs, clinical exposure and learning was good with total mean± SD of 87.62+17.64 for males and 87.97+18.67 for females. There was no statistically significant difference of satisfaction among male and female students with P >0.05
 Conclusion: The student attitude was quite satisfactory regarding their choice of physical therapy profession, good future, patient exposure and learning skills. There was no statistically significant difference based on the gender.
 Keywords: Education, Patients, Physical therapy, Satisfaction, Training.

Adequacy of Financing of School Education in Punjab

Punjab, which is known as one of the richest states in India has not been able to intervene effectively in the area of school education in terms of financial allocations from its inception to till date, which resulted in devastating educational indices for Punjab’s School Education. Punjab has never accorded priority to school education in its financial allocation policy. This lacuna of financial allocation policy has been reflected in the poor educational attainments of the State. Punjab’s position based on literacy marks (21st) and NAS ranks 22nd commensurate to its inadequate financial allocations to school education as a percentage share of SDP. Moreover, the large share of financial allocations is non-plan in nature and a meager share was allocated under the head Plan expenditure. The analysis of the percentage allocation of outlay to general education in the five-year plan also narrates the same story, which indicates towards the government’s inability to accord high priority to general as well as school education as the most important sector of the economy for Human Resource Development (a significant asset of the nation). Moreover, the post-reforms period also witnessed a sharp decline in the share of the education budget out of the state exchequer. Out of this inadequate budget, a very meager share was allocated to school education and the rest to elementary education. The limited increase in the education budget in real terms has in fact converted and reduced the education budget into a salary budget which constitutes 91 per cent of the total expenditure of the school education budget.