Hebrew Studies 32 (1991) 129 Reviews and the Jesus of the Gospels, understand and proclaim that the sacrifice of human and animal victims is connected with violence. The Gospels, indeed, completely uncover this relationship. This discovery or revelation represented by the biblical texts is at least partially obscured by Hobbs. Perhaps this is because he does not give enough attention to religion, myth, and sacrifice in the biblical texts and traditions. An adequate hermeneutic should be able to delineate how deeply rooted ancient Israel was in older sacral or mythical concepts which were the basis of the cultures out of which it emerged. At the same time this very hermeneutic will show the uniqueness of Israel's breakthrough, a breakthrough which is usually unknowingly assumed in our religious and cultural heritage wherever and whenever we comprehend the arbitrariness of persecution and scapegoating and support the rights of victims. James G. Williams Syracuse University Syracuse, NY 13244-1170 BETWEEN EXILE AND RETURN: S. Y. AGNON AND THE DRAMA OF WRITING. By Anne Golomb Hoffman. pp. 236. Albany: State University of New York, 1991. Cloth, $16.95. Anne Golomb Hoffman walks a delicate tightrope in providing the student of Agnon with new and complex tools of psychoanalytic and comparative literary analysis while not subjugating or sacrificing Agnon to her hermeneutics. Agnon remains in the foreground even as Hoffman advances intriguing views comparing Agnon with Kafka, Jabes, Thomas Mann, and Joyce. She does this with the help of Freud, Lacan, feminist theory, and much more. Of significant help to Hoffman in keeping her delicate balance is her ample utilization of the more traditional critical apparatus of Shaked, Kurtzweil, Band, Barzel, and Holtz as well as her full attention to archival minutiae, her novel treatment of Agnon's voluminous, posthumously published works, and her erudition in ancillary fields of Jewish thought and textual study. Framing Hoffman's study, moreover, is a metaphorical leitmotif which singles out in Agnon themes of writing, authorship, discontinuities and tensions within the text, and a mythicizing of books. All of these Hoffman interprets as a kind of Jewish cosmic reflection of avant- Hebrew Studies 32 (1991) 130 Reviews garde cultural ideas. The net result is a unified and clear-if somewhat labyrinthine-intellectual midrash on Agnon, yielding luminous insights into Hoffman's individual case studies of Agnon's work and an amazing demonstration of his embrace or approximation of so many modernistic tendencies. Introducing her first section, entitled "Comparative Agnon," Hoffman analyzes both Kafka's "In the Penal Colony" and Agnon's "The Legend of the Scribe" as "dramas of inscription." Both authors depict for Hoffman the risky adventure of "becoming one with the text." She assesses in both, as well, a daring reversal of sexual archetypal roles, as when Raphael embraces his wife's dress in the ecstatic ending of Agnon's story. Agnon's scribe's famous characterization of the religious fervor necessary for writing the Torah scroll as "standing in icy water on a snowy day" Hoffman reads as a "narcissistic" immersion in text. She interprets the haunting mirror of the story and Raphael's "falling" into it as equally narcissistic, and she views the conclusion as a negation and correction of this self-centered and stereotypical outlook. At the same time, Hoffman adopts a reading of the Kafka story as "a high-tech rape of the condemned man whose position is essentially female as the 'stuff' that is written on," and she merges Kafka with Agnon in concluding: ''The gender of writing as a masculine engraving of a female body is undone in each of these stories through dramas of inscription that demonstrate the fluctuating positions of the participants, precluding any stable identification of them." Hoffman further pursues the analogy to Kafka in comparing "The Hunger Artist" to the hunger in Agnon's "A Whole Loaf." She utilizes Avraham Holtz's theory of the "open-ended" parable in "A Whole Loaf' in assessing the indeterminacy of this hunger and the many discontinuities of the vexed metaphor of Agnon's tale. All of this she frames with a discussion of Edmond Jabes's virtuosity in inventing and exploring quasi- "rabbinic" models of textual and intertextual dialogues...