Editorial Preface Research Articles

Editorial Preface: Urban Travel Behavior in the Middle East and North Africa

This Special Issue the TeMA. Journal of Land Use, Mobility and Environment focuses on an already researched subject of urban travel behavior and decisions in the less-studied geographical context of the Middle East and North Africa (MENA).

Editorial Preface to the OJAKM Special Issue on Knowledge Management: Research, Organization and Applied Innovation

This Special Issue of the Online Journal of Applied Knowledge Management (OJAKM), titled on "Knowledge Management: Research, Organization and Applied Innovation" attempts to give an account of some of the most insightful studies about organizational knowledge and learning, as well as some innovative and useful applications presented at the Knowledge Management (KM) Conference 2018. The KM Conference was held by the International Institute for Applied Knowledge Management (IIAKM) on the campus of the University of Pisa in June 2018, and was conceived as a dialectical context in which scholars from 15 nations and different continents exchanged ideas and perspectives on the more recent theoretical developments along with applications of the articulated, varied, and multifaceted themes of KM.

Guest Editorial Preface Deep Learning, Ubiquitous, and Toy Computing

Guest Editorial Preface Deep Learning, Ubiquitous, and Toy Computing

Editorial preface to the Eugene Garfield Memorial Issue

Editorial preface to the Eugene Garfield Memorial Issue

Editorial Preface

Editorial Preface David L. Howell One of my side projects is editing one volume of a new edition of The Cambridge History of Japan (CHJ). Depending on what one thinks of it and its predecessor, the new edition’s three volumes will supersede, complement, or perhaps just pale in comparison with the six volumes of the original CHJ, published between 1988 and 1999. Reading Pamela Crossley’s review essay of The Cambridge History of China (CHC) in this issue of the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies has me thinking about the nature and purpose of the Cambridge histories. I spent my academic adolescence in the shadow of the Cambridge histories of both Japan and China. I did my graduate studies at Princeton University, home to the CHC and its lead editor, Denis Twitchett, as well as many contributors, including Willard Peterson, Twitchett’s de facto successor as head of the project. My PhD adviser, Marius Jansen, was both a general editor of the CHJ and the editor of the volume on the nineteenth century.1 I played a small supporting role in the editing of that volume: I helped to compile the index, caught a major gaffe in the proofs, and voted for “bakufu” 幕府 (over Bakufu or bakufu) to refer to what I now always call the Tokugawa shogunate. I was a compliant adolescent, more inclined to revere the Founding Fathers of Japanese Studies than pull them down off their plinths. Even during my occasional sullen-teenager moments, when I launched into marxisant rants about methods and presumptions, I overlooked omissions that jump out at even my greenest graduate students when they look at CHJ today. And some of the omissions I did notice— the failure to treat gender as a useful category of historical analysis, for example—were just making the transition from niche concern to common sense as the first CHJ volumes appeared.2 Given that the CHJ essays were all commissioned before 1978, I suppose it is no surprise that women wrote only five of the seventy-seven chapters in the [End Page 303] entire CHJ series—none in the volume I worked on. The long gestation period meant, moreover, that many of the essays were stale or even downright outdated at the time of publication, the important perspectives of scholars a generation or two removed from the Founding Fathers’ disregarded entirely. My fellow editors and I hope that our diverse group of current contributors, writing on a tight schedule, will help us avoid some of the problems that plagued the first iteration of the CHJ. I must confess, however, that we continue to wrestle with a question at the core of Crossley’s critique of the CHC: What is the point of a Cambridge history? Is “the primary objective of the present series . . . to put before the English-reading audience as complete a record of Japanese history as possible,” as the general editors of the first CHJ put it?3 I doubt that any of my collaborators would think to put it that way. So what do we as authors and editors hope our readers will get out of the books? Who are our readers, anyway? Many authors of the first CHJ seem to imagine the reader as an outsider to the field in need of a quick (well, not too quick—some of the chapters are close to a hundred pages long!) and intelligent overview of a period or a topic. Their deeply embedded arguments are clearest to those who already know the field well and can read between the lines of their just-the-facts-ma’am prose. I suppose we imagine a similar reader—a colleague in another field or a graduate student trying to contextualize a monograph—but I hope the new CHJ chapters will put their arguments closer to the fore and aim explicitly to point scholarship in new directions, even as they remain as readable and reasonably comprehensive as their predecessors. Footnotes 1. The Cambridge History of Japan, vol. 5: The Nineteenth Century, ed. Marius B. Jansen (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989). 2. Joan W. Scott, “Gender: A Useful Category of Historical Analysis,” American Historical Review 91.5 (1986): 1053...

Editorial Preface

Editorial Preface David L. Howell “Longtemps, je me suis couché de bonne heure.” “For a long time, I went to bed early”? Or, “For a long time I used to go to bed early”? Thus begins Marcel Proust’s À la recherché du temps perdu, published in English as In Search of Lost Time—or should it be Remembrance of Things Past? The first possibility, both sentence and title, comes from Lydia Davis and was published in 2002. The second is from C. K. Scott Moncrieff, who published the first volume of his translation before Proust’s death in 1922. Davis’s superb translation is far more faithful to the original French than Scott Moncrieff’s. But it is the Scott Moncrieff rendition that has been hailed as a classic of English literature in its own right.1 The Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies takes no stand on translations of Proust. Yet every HJAS contributor and, I daresay, nearly every reader wrestles with the problem at the core of these two Proust translations: how to balance the desire to render words as faithfully as possible against the need to take liberties to facilitate readers’ comprehension or capture hidden meanings behind the words per se. My own experience of translating lengthy texts for publication goes no further than a few months’ piecework long ago for corporate clients who valued speed and accuracy (in that order) over style. Still, in my own writing on early modern Japanese social history, I often find myself agonizing over how best to render terms like zaizai 在々 (a countryside dotted with peasant villages) and komae 小前 (members of peasant communities who hold land but are otherwise unprivileged)—even as I recognize my own discomfort with “peasant” as the standard translation of hyakushō 百姓 (something like “rural commoner” would be better). [End Page v] I have pretty much given up on finding a concise, idiomatic way to capture a common phrase like ōsetsukeraresōrō 被 仰付候 (receiving an order from on high): How does one translate the blank space between the passive-voice marker 被 (-rare) and the rest of the phrase? Rendering into English the expressed if formulaic respect for the usually unspecified authority behind the order is important but hard to carry off in idiomatic, twenty-first-century English. This issue, like every other issue, of HJAS is full of translations of words, phrases, and concepts. Each of our contributors, in her or his way, has wrestled with many problems no less vexing than “Long-temps, je me suis couché de bonne heure,” and often more fraught than my mostly stylistic contortions over words like zaizai. To take just one example from each article: Chelsea Foxwell examines the character of early Meiji shinbun 新聞, “newspapers” that look like anything but. John Herman acknowledges the pejorative “raw” (sheng 生) and “cooked” (shu 熟) connotations of terms informing whether Miao people were “unincorporated” or “incorporated” (respectively) under direct Qing administrative rule. Michael Hunter inquires into the relationships suggested by the term “disciples” (dizi 弟子) in early China. For his part, Nathan Vedal invites us to wonder how to render a title like Huangji jingshi shu 皇極經世書. In an early draft of his article he used the relatively literal “Book of the august ultimate traversing the ages,” but in the end he settled on the more readily comprehensible “Supreme principles governing the world.” Footnotes 1. Adam Gopnik, “Why an Imperfect Version of Proust Is a Classic in English,” New Yorker, March 30, 2015, https://www.newyorker.com/. Marcel Proust, À la recherché du temps perdu, was originally published in seven volumes between 1913 and 1927. The quotation here is from the first volume, Du côté de chez Swann (Paris: Gallimard, 1919), p. 9; Marcel Proust, The Way by Swann’s, trans. Lydia Davis, vol. 1 of In Search of Lost Time, ed. Christopher Prendergast (London: Allen Lane, 2002), p. 7; Marcel Proust, Swann’s Way, trans. C. K. Scott Moncrieff, vol 1 of Remembrance of Things Past (New York: Henry Holt, 1922), p. 1. Copyright © 2018 Harvard-Yenching Institute

Editorial preface for special issue of FAIM 2015 published in IJAMT

Editorial preface for special issue of FAIM 2015 published in IJAMT

Editorial Preface: “Preconditioning and Iterative Methods for Algebraic Systems and Complementarity Problems”

Editorial Preface: “Preconditioning and Iterative Methods for Algebraic Systems and Complementarity Problems”

Editorial Preface

Editorial Preface David L. Howell One of the pleasures of editing the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies is the exposure it affords to the latest trends in humanistic scholarship on East Asia. I am impressed with the cosmopolitan sensibility that informs many of the manuscripts that cross my desk, even those that focus on a single country. What a contrast to the mid-1980s, when I began my graduate studies in Japanese history. I convinced myself that no one expected me to be fluent in any modern language other than Japanese or to integrate non-Japanese perspectives into my work, except perhaps to make the occasional desultory comparison with the West. Of course, my youthful impressions notwithstanding, the best East Asian scholarship has always looked beyond the boundaries of its particular place, time, and discipline, and theories and methods developed by scholars working on other parts of the world inevitably inform all our work. Nevertheless, it is exciting to see how much new scholarship, unconstrained by linguistic and political boundaries and unwilling to accept the Western experience as normative, traces the regional and even global journeys of ideas, practices, and goods. The four articles in this issue of HJAS reflect the new direction in the East Asian humanities. In their diversity they remind us that the globalization of our work can take many forms. Mårten Söderblom Saarela’s study of Manchu lexicography traces the movement of linguistic texts from Qing China to Korea and Japan, where they were read and used in ways that their authors could not have expected. He Bian’s article on pharmacological knowledge in eighteenth-century China looks at a particular local iteration of an intellectual practice whose audience spanned the entire East Asian region. Matthew Stavros’s examination of Ashikaga Yoshimitsu’s attempt to remake Kyoto on the model of a mandala demonstrates the possibilities of analyses that look beyond specific national practices. Finally, John Whittier Treat’s essay on Hannah Arendt does not simply apply that thoroughly Eurocentric thinker’s ideas to a consideration of historical events in China and Japan; rather, it contributes to globalizing Arendtian philosophy [End Page 283] itself. Whether they frame their work in explicitly transnational terms or write in ways that both draw on and contribute to debates beyond their own national specializations, our contributors show by the careful rigor of their scholarship that a cosmopolitan sensibility is fully compatible with the linguistic and methodological standards that have long underlain our various disciplines within East and Inner Asian studies. DLH Copyright © 2017 Harvard-Yenching Institute

Editorial Preface of the Second Volume of JAEST

Following the success of the inaugural JAEST volume (2014‐2015), we are pleased to present the second regular volume completedin December 2016 with two issues, six papers in English and nine in French. Basic content of French papers (title, abstract andkeywords) are published also in English, which becomes the main language of the international scientific community.This volume is published in both electronic and print versions by the Faculty of Sciences and Technology, FST, of the University ofBiskra (Algeria). It is presented with three sections, namely: Section A (Electrical, Electronics and Automatic Engineering); Section B(Thermal, Mechanical and Materials Engineering) and Section C (Geotechnical and Civil Engineering).In 2016, JAEST has recorded a remarkable progress concerning the development of the editorial team by the appointment of anExecutive Editor‐in‐Chief, an associate Editor and six Section Editors. Considering readers’ suggestions and feedbacks, this year ismarked in particular by the improvement of the quantity, the quality and the appearance of published papers. Indeed, fortypercent of the authors of this Volume are researchers from the outside of the University of Biskra and half of them are from fourinternational institutions: France, United Kingdom and United States. Our goal is to continue working to get a journal thatpublishes quality papers which are not only read, but also cited as a reference for all researchers.Finally, we would like to thank the university officials for their support and the readers, authors, reviewers and editors of JAEST fortheir contribution to the development of the journal. Please, contact us with ideas and suggestions to improve the quality andvisibility of JAEST.

Editorial Preface. The Urban Transition Changes in Progress

Editorial Preface. The Urban Transition Changes in Progress

Melodic Structure in Bill Evans's 1959 "Autumn Leaves"

Steven Strunk's analysis and transcription of Bill Evans's 1959 "Autumn Leaves" with an editorial preface by Keith Salley.

Editorial Preface. Transit-Oriented Development in Iran: Challenges and Solutions

Editorial Preface. Transit-Oriented Development in Iran: Challenges and Solutions

Editorial Preface. Energy, pollution and the degradation of the urban environment

Editorial Preface. Energy, pollution and the degradation of the urban environment

Editorial Preface. Planning for livable and safe cities: Extreme weather events caused by climate change

Editorial Preface. Planning for livable and safe cities: Extreme weather events caused by climate change

Editorial Preface: “Advances in numerical algebra and scientific computing”

Editorial Preface: “Advances in numerical algebra and scientific computing”

Editorial Preface: Special Issue on Big Data Analytics, Infrastructure, and Applications

The 13 papers in this special issue provide deep research results to report the advance of Big Data Analytics, Infrastructure, and Applications.

Editorial Preface to the Special Issue on Ubiquitous Computing Systems V

Editorial Preface to the Special Issue on Ubiquitous Computing Systems V

Editorial Preface. Cities, Energy And Mobility: Strategies for Consumptions’ Reduction

Editorial Preface. Cities, Energy And Mobility: Strategies for Consumptions’ Reduction

Editorial Preface. Smart and Resilient Cities. Ideas and Practices from the South of Europe.

Editorial Preface. Smart and Resilient Cities. Ideas and Practices from the South of Europe.