Acta Neuropathologica (ANP) was founded in 1961 by the renowned neurologist and neuropathologist Franz Seitelberger (1916–2007), then Director of the Neurological Institute (Obersteiner Institute) of the University of Vienna, in order to provide ‘‘a common forum accessible to all the neuropathology disciplines’’. In the preface to the first issue published in May 1961, Seitelberger emphasized the achievements of neuropathology based on the development of modern methods, including electron microscopy, histochemistry, biochemistry, cell culture, and neurophysiology. Seitelberger’s idea was to create an international, interdisciplinary journal covering all available techniques and approaches in the wide field of neuroscience, resembling Heinrich Obersteiner’s idea of the ‘‘International Brain Commission’’ as precursor of the International Brain Research Association (IBRO), also founded in 1961. ANP was suggested to continue ‘‘Veroffentlichungen des Neurologischen Instituts der Universitat Wien’’ (Publications of the Neurological Institute, University of Vienna) or ‘‘Obersteiner Arbeiten’’ (Obersteiner Works) (1892–1923) at an international level. ANP became the official organ of the Research Groups for Neuropathology, Comparative Neuropathology and Neurooncology of the World Federation of Neurology. Major subjects during the initial decades were histopathology, (immuno)histochemistry, and surgical and experimental neuropathology, while papers on molecular pathology have increased in later years. During the first years, four issues per year were published, rising in 1977 to six, and since 1988, to 12 issues per year. Between 1961 and 1983, eight supplements dealing with brain edema, neuroglia, pathology of axons and axonal flow, malignant lymphomas of the nervous system (papers of the first international symposium of malignant CNS lymphomas in Vienna), experimental and clinical neuropathology (papers of the First European Congress of Neuropathology in Vienna), and cerebrovascular transport mechanisms were published. The first members of the editorial board of ANP (I. Bertrand, Paris, W. Blackwood, London, L. van Bogaert, Anvers, E. Frauchiger, Bern, W. Haymaker, Moffett Field, USA, W. Krucke, Frankfurt, F. Luthy, Zurich, W. Scholz, Munich, all deceased) represented a ‘‘who’s who’’ in neuropathology at that time. As Editor-in-Chief of ANP, Franz Seitelberger (1961–1987) was succeeded by Kurt A. Jellinger (1976–2004). They were often asked how to have managed the editorial activities for an international journal in addition to routine service and scientific work; Seitelberger also having the difficult tasks of being Dean of the Medical School and later Rector of the University of Vienna. However, enthusiasm overcame the daily work, and they became motivated by the progressing circulation and success of the journal. At that time, ANP and Current