Editors Hope Research Articles

Konfliktverläufe: Normen der Geschlechterbeziehungen in Texten des 17. Jahrhunderts by Ursula Kundert

MLR, I0I.4, 2006 i i6i the latter add little essential new information to the survey of Gottfried manuscripts by Thomas Klein (in Deutsche Handschriften II00-I400: Oxforder Kolloquium I985, ed. by Volker Honemann and Nigel Palmer (Tiibingen: Niemeyer, I988), pp. i6o 67). By cutting down on these aspects, space might have been found for a collation (to name one desideratum) of at least the more significant readings ofW with the edited text of Marold/Schroder. As well as usefully complementing the similar collation of MSS M, B, and E by Bruggen and Ziegeler (in the volume cited above), such a list would have rendered instantly visible the interest and value ofW for textual criticism. Some of the extra space might also have been used for amplifying and contextual izing the major ambition that the editor hopes to see realized through her project. Firchow wants to draw a line under the whole sorry tale of Gottfried's treatment by philology; she offers her own edition as a fresh start ('Neuanfang'), in the hope that it will encourage scholars to relinquish themisguided project of a critical edition which purports to restore what the author originally wrote, and concentrate their efforts in stead on known quantities, namely the work as historically transmitted (pp. xiv-xv). One can certainly endorse all that as a defensible way forward; nevertheless, it is a pity that the introduction does not discuss any of the proposals for a new Tristan edition which are already on the table. For example, Rene Wetzel suggested several years ago a synoptic edition inwhich the archetype, reconstructed chiefly from H and W, would be placed opposite itsmost influential recension *BEbe (Die handschriftliche Uberlieferung des 'Tristan' Gottfrieds von Strassburg untersucht an ihren Fragmenten (Fribourg: Universitatsverlag, I992), p. 400); more recently Ingrid Bennewitz, in the volume cited above, has proposed a threefold synoptic text, which would allow readers to compare important transmission variants of Gottfried's text: the 'vulgate' version (represented by H), the abridged recension (represented by the oldest manuscript M), and the text of a third, late medieval witness. Itwould be interesting to know how Firchow sees her own plea for a new beginning in relation to these other suggestions for editing Gottfried (which, itmust be added, do not envisage 'restorative' critical editions of exactly the kind she justifiably questions); by not considering them, she misses an opportunity to argue that her 'Neuanfang' iswhat is really needed, rather than sheer endurance in seeing one of the existing proposals through to completion. What will actually happen next in the story of editing Tristan is, of course, another question altogether, and one towhich this reviewer does not know the answer. In the meantime, Gottfried scholars are bound to be grateful to the editor for giving us this excellent edition which we cannot afford to ignore. TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE MARK CHINCA Konfliktverldufe: Normen der Geschlechterbeziehungen in Texten des I7. Jahrhunderts. By URSULA KUNDERT. (Quellen und Forschungen zur Literatur- und Kul turgeschichte, 33) Berlin: de Gruyter. 2004. xi+322 pp. E98. ISBN 3-II OI-799I-I. In this thought-provoking study, Ursula Kundert examines the techniques through which fictional and non-fictional texts participated in the theological, political, and economic discourses which had a normative influence on gendered behaviour in the seventeenth century. She locates an impressive variety of works within these discourses, including Harsdorffer's Frauenzimmer Gesprdchspiele, Johann Gorgias's Jungferlicher Zeit-Vertreiber, and 'Landesordnungen' from Sachsen-Gotha. She is rightly not making a particular case for the direct influence of texts on social be haviour, since only around five per cent of the population in this period were literate. Rather, she examines how depictions of behaviour towards the opposite sex in texts are regulated by social norms as well as constituting ameans of transmitting norms. i i 62 Reviews Kundert interestingly suggests that inmany cases the texts she examines were aimed primarily atmale readers, who, itwas supposed, would directly regulate the behaviour of their female family members and servants. The first section of this work provides a detailed and informative overview of gen der theory, drawing widely on the work of Judith Butler. Texts, forKundert, contain a performance of gender, which draws on...

Neurobehavioural plasticity

Neurobehavioural plasticity

Preface: phys. stat. sol. (a) 201/8

The KMS/SOMMA Meeting 2003 was held 3–6 December 2003 at Spapia Hotel, Daejeon, Korea. It was the 5th SOMMA (International Symposium on Magnetic Materials and Applications) organized by ReCAMM (Research Center for Advanced Magnetic Materials) of Chungnam National University. Since 2002, the Korean Magnetics Society (KMS) winter conference has been jointly held with SOMMA. This was the second time to have a KMS/SOMMA joint meeting. The main objective of the meeting was to provide an international forum to discuss up-to-date results on magnetism and magnetic materials. The conference brought together 360 participants from 12 countries. Sessions of the meeting were: Theory and Fundamentals, Magnetic Random Access Memory, Spintronics, Information Storage, Nanostructured Materials, Sensors, and Interdisciplinary. In these seven sessions, 325 papers were presented including 66 oral and 259 poster presentations. Since the symposium was held in Korea, this enabled a large number of Asian scientists to attend: 239 from Korea, 41 from Japan, 7 from Taiwan, and 5 from China. The conference program had 25 invited and plenary speakers. They were Y. Ando (Tohoku U.), M. Inoue (Toyohashi U. Tech), H. Kubota (Tohoku U.), K. Mohri (Nagoya U.), M. Sahashi, M. Takahashi, K. Takanashi, M. Tsunoda (Tohoku U.), and H. Yoda (Toshiba) from Japan; A. J. Freeman (Northwestern U.), A. T. Hanbicki (NRL), F. B. Humphrey (Boston U.), and S. Sun (IBM) from the USA; J. D. Boeck (IMEC, Belgium), B. Dieny (CEA, France), N. Garcia (CSIS, Spain), G. Reiss (Bielefeld U., Germany), T. Stobiecki (U. M. & M. Krakow, Poland), and M. Wolfram (Singulus Tech, Germany) from Europe; C. G. Kim, D. J. Kim (CNU), T. W. Kim (SAIT), S. H. Lim (KIST), Sung-Chul Shin (KAIST), and Yoon Hee Chung (POSTEC) from Korea. For the first time, the SOMMA Proceedings appear in physica status solidi. The Editors hope that the Proceedings could provide chances for deeper and wider understanding of the presentations as well as for enhanced relationship between all participants. We deeply appreciate the help of the editorial staff of physica status solidi for their efficient and kind help during the paper preparations and publications. Finally, we would like to take this opportunity to thank all members of the Advisory Committee, Organizing Committee, referees, and KMS staff for their effort before, during, and after the meeting.

Preface: phys. stat. sol. (b) 241/7

AbstractThe KMS/SOMMA Meeting 2003 was held 3–6 December 2003 at Spapia Hotel, Daejeon, Korea. It was the 5th SOMMA (International Symposium on Magnetic Materials and Applications) organized by ReCAMM (Research Center for Advanced Magnetic Materials) of Chungnam National University. Since 2002, the Korean Magnetics Society (KMS) winter conference has been jointly held with SOMMA. This was the second time to have a KMS/SOMMA joint meeting.The main objective of the meeting was to provide an international forum to discuss up‐to‐date results on magnetism and magnetic materials. The conference brought together 360 participants from 12 countries. Sessions of the meeting were: Theory and Fundamentals, Magnetic Random Access Memory, Spintronics, Information Storage, Nanostructured Materials, Sensors, and Interdisciplinary. In these seven sessions, 325 papers were presented including 66 oral and 259 poster presentations. Since the symposium was held in Korea, this enabled a large number of Asian scientists to attend: 239 from Korea, 41 from Japan, 7 from Taiwan, and 5 from China.The conference program had 25 invited and plenary speakers. They were Y. Ando (Tohoku U.), M. Inoue (Toyohashi U. Tech), H. Kubota (Tohoku U.), K. Mohri (Nagoya U.), M. Sahashi, M. Takahashi, K. Takanashi, M. Tsunoda (Tohoku U.), and H. Yoda (Toshiba) from Japan; A. J. Freeman (Northwestern U.), A. T. Hanbicki (NRL), F. B. Humphrey (Boston U.), and S. Sun (IBM) from the USA; J. D. Boeck (IMEC, Belgium), B. Dieny (CEA, France), N. Garcia (CSIS, Spain), G. Reiss (Bielefeld U., Germany), T. Stobiecki (U. M. & M. Krakow, Poland), and M. Wolfram (Singulus Tech, Germany) from Europe; C. G. Kim, D. J. Kim (CNU), T. W. Kim (SAIT), S. H. Lim (KIST), Sung‐Chul Shin (KAIST), and Yoon Hee Chung (POSTEC) from Korea.For the first time, the SOMMA Proceedings appear in physica status solidi. The Editors hope that the Proceedings could provide chances for deeper and wider understanding of the presentations as well as for enhanced relationship between all participants. We deeply appreciate the help of the editorial staff of physica status solidi for their efficient and kind help during the paper preparations and publications.Finally, we would like to take this opportunity to thank all members of the Advisory Committee, Organizing Committee, referees, and KMS staff for their effort before, during, and after the meeting.

Circulation Research Editors’ Yearly Report: 2003

We are pleased to produce this yearly report on the status of our journal. Simply put, 2003 was a banner year for Circulation Research , which celebrated its 50th anniversary of publishing the best of basic cardiovascular science and translational research for the American Heart Association. The Editors hope you enjoyed over the past year the many personal reminiscences from prominent individuals in the field who reflected on the past 50 years of cardiovascular research and the journal as a vehicle for publication of the science. We are pleased to announce in this, our fourth such state-of-the-journal report, that Circulation Research received a total of 1813 manuscripts in 2003. This sets not only a new record for submissions to the journal, but exceeds our previous record by 21.8% (Figure 1). While submissions increased in the past year, our acceptance rate decreased slightly to a near-record low of 19.7% (Figure 2). The Editors remain committed to maintaining the journal’s traditional standards of selectivity, despite the number of submissions received. Figure 1. Number of submissions to Circulation …

The authors, Satinder P. Singh, M.D., and Hrudaya Nath, M.D., and the editor hope that this table can be posted in the reading area to assist radiologists and trainees in the staging of non-small cell lung cancer.

The authors, Satinder P. Singh, M.D., and Hrudaya Nath, M.D., and the editor hope that this table can be posted in the reading area to assist radiologists and trainees in the staging of non-small cell lung cancer.

Editorial

At the time of writing this editorial, subscribers will have just received their copies of the triple issue honouring the work of Rod Burstall. Coordinating this collection was a substantial undertaking; and thanks go to all concerned, particularly to David Rydeheard and Don Sannella and the behind the scenes production staff. We (the journal editors) hope you agree that it was well worth waiting for the fascinating collection. The production and scheduling of that set of papers, and other incidental but cumulative factors, have contributed to recent issues being late. We hope soon to be back close to our planned, evenly timed, publication timetable; however it also seems timely to mention, and to reiterate, some changes which are afoot. As of this issue (14.1) we shall revert to our initial publication frequency of 4 issues per year, but these will be larger than in earlier volumes and will retain the large page format adopted in Volume 12. [A reminder for authors who use LaTeX to use the new class files.] We are now receiving, and publishing, long papers (but still with the option of including supplementary material on the web) and, except in special issues, strive to achieve a reasonable coverage of topics within the given constraints. Although normally skipped over, readers of the journal front matter might notice periodic changes to the editorial board. These usually go unmentioned; our editors (who are working editors, not merely ‘names’) seek no reward or praise. Readers will also notice the recently modernised BCS-FACS logo and a declaration that the journal (although truly international in scope) was founded by (BCS-)FACS, some even to this day refer to it as ‘the FACS journal’, and we are very happy for this to continue. Bringing these two threads together gets me to the point of this digression. Dan Simpson founded the BCS specialist group on Formal Aspects of Computing Science some 25 years ago. Without his radical suggestion that the BCS had a specialist group that actually addressed Computer Science, there would have been no FACS and no FACS journal. Dan has recently finished his spell as Dean in the Faculty of IT at Brighton University and he has also resigned as a member of our editorial board. As you can see, he was active to the very end being responsible for progressing 2 of the 3 papers in this issue. I gather he now intends to concern himself with other matters; I would counsel a less stressful life and more Bob Dylan music. He has been a friend and colleague of many of those associated with the FACS group and its journal; on their behalf may I offer a big ‘thank you’ for all that you have done for us and offer our best wishes for whatever endeavours you are about to embark upon. Very many years ago, at a conference, I heard someone respond in debate “I didn't see who said that but it sounded like Mr Simpson from Teesside … .” – well it's no longer ‘Mr’ nor ‘Teesside’ but I can't believe that we really have seen or heard the last of this Yorkshire lad. Thanks, goodbye and good luck.

Review of Memory, consciousness, and the brain: The Tallinn conference; and The Oxford handbook of memory.

ENDEL TULVING and FERGUS M. CRAIK (Eds.)New York: Oxford University Press, 2000, 707 pages(ISBN 0-19-512265-8, US$65, Hardcover)Reviewed by DARRYL BRUCE and MARILYN SMITHFor those involved in the study of memory, the year 2000 may prove to be especially memorable. The reason for this is the publication of two notable books on the topic: Memory, Consciousness, and the Brain: The Tallinn Conference, edited by Endel Tulving, and The Oxford Handbook of Memory, edited by Tulving and Fergus Craik, both longtime and distinguished Canadian scientists in the field. We take up the two books - hereafter referred to as MCB and OHM, respectively - in the order mentioned and then tie them together lightly at the end of our review.MCB is an outgrowth of conference organized by the editor and his wife, and held in Tallinn, the capital of Estonia. Many aspects of the conference were related to the editor's personal past: He was born in Estonia, the conference coincided with his 71st birthday, and the participants were his friends, colleagues, or former students; all of them, except for classicist and an expert on intelligence, frequent contributors to research on memory and its relation to brain and mind. The book opens with spirited and somewhat irreverent prologue that is vintage Tulving. He writes that the meeting was intended to be blueprint for future scientific conferences: Each participant was to offer single most important idea relevant to memory, consciousness, and the brain, and these ideas would then be discussed at later junctures over the course of the conference. Though the editor characterizes the scheme as a modestly huge partial success (p. xiii), the book itself has the appearance of typical conference volume - number of chpaters (25 plus prologue and epilogue) that are relatively brief treatments of variety of topics. The organization of the book, accurately described by the editor as largely illusory (p. xv), blocks the 25 topic chapters into sections labeled Memory (11 chapters), Consciousness (7 chapters), and The Brain (7 chapters). The editor's hope is that the book will be useful as an introduction to representative research currently being conducted at the boundaries of memory, consciousness, and the brain.To what extent has this objective been achieved? The book certainly serves up broad menu of topics. Not surprisingly, those that Tulving himself has brought to centre stage are all there: retrieval, encoding-retrieval interactions, varieties of consciousness, memory systems, and brain-hemisphere encoding-retrieval asymmetries. The list goes well beyond that, however, and ranges from, at one alphabetical extreme, absent-mindedness to, at the other, the Yerkes-Dodson law, with smorgasbord of subjects in between. The investigative procedures similarly cover the entire gamut, from the behavioural methods typically employed in the study of memory to the contemporary neuro-imaging techniques currently being used to investigate brain functioning during the performance of different memory tasks. Some chapters are more theoretical in nature, others more empirical; one is methodological, and yet another leans toward clinical application. In sum, the reader looking for something intriguing in the way of research on memory and consciousness in the brain is likely to find it in this volume.What are MCB's weaknesses and strengths? The main sin is something that comes with the territory of all conference volumes: uneveness in quality, readability, and organizations, and uncertainty about the audience to be reached by each of the chapters. The problem could have been lessened had the editor imposed heavier editorial hand than he evidently has. Especially annoying were couple of chapters that proceeded as though there were no useful prior research relevant to the problem at hand or, worse still, to the solution proposed. From personal perspective, we wish that, overall, the chapters reflected to greater degree than they do the charge that Tulving put in advance to the participants, namely, to present and discuss single most important idea relevant to memory, consciousness, and the brain. …

The Almost Unknown Poet, Emily Dickinson

The editor hopes that practicing physicians will set aside bias and dissatisfaction they may have in their jobs and serve as positive role models and online virtual mentors for the next generation of physicians. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.

The functional properties of fats and oils - A richness of diversity

A part of the importance of fats and oils derives from the functional properties that they confer to the foods. This is a consequence of their chemical nature and structural features. Lipids are relatively insoluble in water because their large non-polar region. However, they also contain groups with some degree of polarity. The combination of these polar and non-polar groups and their variations is what gives the range of functional properties observed and what made them so valuable. This issue of Grasas y Aceites reviews some of the functional properties of fats and oils. The Editors hope that the studies included will provide an state of the art reference volume of present knowledge and applications in these areas.

North Carolina Yeoman. The Diary of Basil Armstrong Thomasson, 1853-1862 (review)

BOOK REVIEWS173 of the Union decision to conduct the campaign and the way the campaign was fought; otherwise his conclusions are similar to Johnson's. Johnson offers a fuller recounting of the background of the campaign. Surprisingly, the military events are covered at a similar level of detail as in the Johnson book, in spite of Brooksher's military background. Brooksher, of course, does use more recently published articles and theses about the campaign. Brooksher's book is a survey for readers with an interest in the Red River campaign. The work is written in a lively fashion and includes a number of quotes from participants. Readers' though, should be aware that no new or startling conclusions have been reached—the basic outline is the same as the Johnson book. In spite of the book jacket's claim, this monograph does not fill a gap. M. Jane Johansson Pryor, Oklahoma North Carolina Yeoman. The Diary ofBasilArmstrong Thomasson, 1853-1862. Edited by Paul D. Escott. (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1996. Pp. lxvi, 355. $50.00.) Basil Armstrong Thomasson (1829-1862), called Strong by his family, was a small farmer and part-time schoolteacher in the Piedmont North Carolina counties of Yadkin and Iredell. A seemingly otherwise unremarkable exemplar of the antebellum South's yeomanry, Thomasson left a remarkable diary covering the years from 1853 to his death. As Paul Escott notes in his lucid, contextualizing introduction, Thomasson's diary is one of only six such documents that have been recovered from the yeomanry, and as such it provides rare first-person testimony from a class of Southerners whose history remains largely unknown in both its details and in its wider relationships with the world the slaveholders made. It is uncertain, however, whether the example ofThomasson's diary will inspire the widening of Southern social history for which its editor hopes. This widening has been a desideratum of southern historiography for at least the last quarter century, but despite sterling work by people like Steven Hahn, Stephanie McCurry, and Vernon Burton, it remains a goal still wished for, not achieved. Part of the problem is the very paucity of sources to which the richness of the Thomasson diary negatively attests. No diary orjournal can ever be called typical, and Thomasson may have been an exceptionally atypical member of his class; he was a temperance man, for instance, and this caused him some difficulty in successfully navigating the social rituals—local politics and barn raisings—of his community. If anything, Thomasson seems to be out of place as a kind of Ben Franklin Yankee on a Southern farm: frugal, religious, given to self-moralizing lists, and an autodidact ofthe most attractive sort. Thomasson's diary entries are frequentlyjust a record of the weather ("Clear and warm.") and work ("Hauled my hay from Pardue's meadow."), but there are also literary effects such as the following, which rises 174CIVIL WAR HISTORY to a rustic pastoralism: "Just after the 'bright orb of day' had gone down behind the western hills, I heisted the head of three of my beestands, two of which was, I think, as rich as I ever saw. . . . The comb was white, and the honey beautiful. I guess from its appearance, that most it was collected from the bloom of the sowerwood." Thomasson belies our notion of the Southern yeomanry in other ways as well perhaps because he lived in the hermetic world of Appalachian North Carolina but also perhaps because we so little know Thomasson's class that we are surprised to hear it speak in ways that have escaped the historian's paradigms. For instance, if Thomasson did not seem to participate in or even notice the vaunted Southern conception of honor perhaps that concept needs some revision or moderation of its totalitizing aspects. Indeed the very hermeticism of the mountain hollows and Thomasson's hardscrabble day-to-day existence must be counterpoised to his subscriptions to many national and regional newspapers andjournals; he courted his wife, in part, by taking out a newspaper subscription for her. And on women's issues generally, Thomasson was remarkably progressive, taking the Northern feminist line that linked slavery with the state of...

The Tradition of Technology: Landmarks of Western Technology in the Collections of the Library of Congress by Leonard C. Bruno

TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE Book Reviews 755 Prompted by Schaffer’s concerns, we can see the essays in this collection as describing how the complex tasks involved in con­ structing and using scientific instruments are instances of the spe­ cialized kinds of labor required in modern industrial society. How­ ever, scientific research is not just about the construction of elaborate machines and the production of esoteric results; it is also about the supply of qualified personnel and the fixing of standards for industry—as Bruce Hunt shows in his article about the resistance box. Altogether, the essays in this volume provide a stimulating intro­ duction to the study of instruments as part of the history of science and technology. As a museum curator, I was delighted to see this volume devoted to the study ofinstruments, although I found it strik­ ing that most of the articles seem to be based solely on documentary sources rather than actual instruments; even the illustrations are re­ produced from contemporary documents. If the study of instru­ ments develops as the editors hope, perhaps a future volume of Osiris will be devoted to instruments preserved in museum collections. Alan Morton Dr. Morton is senior curator for modern physics at the Science Museum in London. The Tradition ofTechnology: Landmarks of Western Technology in the Col­ lections ofthe Library ofCongress. By Leonard C. Bruno. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1995. Pp. ix+356; illustrations, bibliog­ raphy, index. $29.00 (cloth). The Tradition of Technology surveys technology in the Western world, from classical antiquity to the present, through the lens of the collections of the Library of Congress. The author is a senior specialist in the Library’s Science and Technology Division; his com­ panion volume, The Tradition of Science, appeared in 1987. Both books are profusely illustrated, handsomely designed and produced, and a joy to browse. Their constant reference to original texts— manuscripts, books, journals, trade literature, and motion and still pictures—forms an implicit but powerful argument that the me­ dium is part of the message. With such books in hand, it would be hard to argue that digitized information could ever replace tradi­ tional publications. That said, The Tradition ofTechnology is bound to gall most readers of this journal. Problems include a minimal attention to context; a disregard for scholarship (there are no references to secondary sources); errors offact (Telford’s Menai Bridge does not link central England and Ireland, and it’s hard to understand the ways in which the achromatic telescope was built on the Newtonian reflector); and 756 Book Reviews TECHNOLOGY AND CULTURE stories one might have thought had been long since discredited (such as William Kelly’s successful anticipation of Henry Bessemer’s process of making steel). And, despite an occasional nod toward power relations, the book pays no attention to issues ofrace, gender, or class. I was particularly struck by the author’s heavy reliance on superlatives. Archimedes, “the famed mathematician and mechani­ cal genius” (p. 8), was the first of many outstanding technologists glorified in these pages. James Wattwas “no doubt a real genius” (p. 184); Oliver Evans was “one of the first real American technological geniuses” (p. 187) and he “should occupy the first place in a long line ofAmerican technical geniuses” (p. 189); ifRobert Fulton “had a genius, it was for building logically and systematically on the work ofothers” (p. 192); Sadi Carnotwas a “twenty-eight-year-old genius” (p. 232); and Thomas Edison was an “inventive and opportunistic genius” (p. 233). John Harrison had “preternational mechanical sense” (p. 202), while Joseph Henry “should be considered one of the saints of science and technology” (p. 235). In addition, some technologies were brilliant or great, while some devices were most important, most famous, or most remarkable. Because The Tradition ofTechnology is clearly aimed at a wide audi­ ence, the criticisms I am offering are particularly disturbing. Most scholars would be able to fill in the missing context or approach the hyperbole with a grain of salt. But well-offengineers might read this book as confirmation of their most egregious prejudices. Deborah Jean Warner Ms. Warner is curator of the physical sciences collection at the National Museum of American...

El teatro alegórico de Miguel (Daniel Leví) de Barrios (review)

Reviews371 lar, and totalizing types— derived from a study of Lope's historical comedias . Louise Fothergill-Payne takes advantage of the opportunities offered by the annual Festival of Spanish Classical Theatre at Chamizal to compare the text of Alarcón's El examen de maridos with the play's performance by an all-female cast in 1987, a performance that, in her view, converted the play into farce, to the detriment of the original text. Victor Dixon studies how versification can aid in interpreting the comedia through a close examination ofLope's use ofpolymetry in several ofthe dramatist's most famous plays. The volume concludes with a comprehensive index—an extremely welcome, and all-too-rare, accompaniment to such essay collections. As a whole, this very fine volume, by bringing together such a variety of theoretical approaches and analyses, has performed a real service to comedia scholarship. It should prove as stimulating to future discussion and work as its editors hope. Barbara E. Kurtz Illinois State University Julia Rebollo Lieberman. El teatro alegórico de Miguel (Daniel Levi) de Barrios. Newark, Delaware: Juan de la Cuesta Hispanic Monographs, 1996. Paper, xix + 234 pp. $17.00. This book, a revision of the author's 1990 Yale Ph.D. dissertation, is a critical study and edition of five allegorical autos by Miguel de Barrios (1635-1701). Born in Montilla and educated as a Catholic, Barrios left his homeland around 1660 —after a relative had been executed by the Inquisition — and spent most of his adult life as a practicing Jew in Amsterdam, where he became well known for his poetry, plays, essays, and historical writings. The first part of the book contains a concise and well documented overview ofthe history of Amsterdam's Sephardic community, the life and works of Barrios, the literary and religious academies of seventeenth-century Amsterdam, and a critical analysis of the ideology and characters of the five autos edited in its second part. The section on the academies is important , because all five of the autos bear the names (in Hebrew) of different academies, and at least three of them were performed at sessions of the academies by the members. These academies were a curious hybrid of the literary academies that proliferated in Renaissance Italy and Spain and the age-old Jewish institutions of religious learning known as yeshivot. Barrios 's autos themselves are a fascinating example of the religious and cui- 372BCom, Vol. 48, No. 2 (Winter 1996) rural syncretism of the Sephardic Jews. The Calderonian auto sacramental would seem to be a quintessentially Catholic genre, yet Barrios adapts it as an instrument ofJewish propaganda. Calderón had often used his autos as a forum for anti-Jewish polemics; Barrios takes this very instrument honed to perfection by Calderón and uses it to defend Judaism and attack Catholicism as idolatrous. In doing so, however, he not only adopts the form perfected by his Catholic adversary, but retains some of his alien, AristotelianScholastic philosophical underpinnings (such as the concept ofnatural law) as well. Lieberman has performed an important service by editing these autos, none of which was hitherto available in a modern edition. The autos are sure to be of interest to scholars of Spanish Golden Age theater and historians of Jewish thought and culture. It is therefore especially disappointing that her edition is flawed in several respects. The notes in the edition consist principally ofthe biblical verses cited by Barrios in marginal annotations to the original text. Lieberman cites these verses from a 1602 edition of Cipriano de Valera's translation, which she argues is the translation Barrios himself used. However, she retains the archaic spelling and punctuation of the 1602 edition, which makes the passages unnecessarily difficult to read. Many passages in Barrios's text which readers who lack detailed knowledge ofthe Bible or of Judaism would find obscure receive no explanation. For example, verses 44 and 45 ofthe auto Jonen Daum read: Al arma, al combate, al aljaba al cañón que apunta de Jehudá, y Joseph, la unión (112). The author annotates the fact that in modern-day Spanish aljaba is feminine , while Barrios treats it as masculine. She does not...

Smoke and Letters-Reply

In Reply. —Drs Davis and Chapman, whose contributions to the debate on the toxic effects of tobacco smoke have been notable, correctly quote me as wanting to ensure publication of of the articles we put into print. They then suggest that in my anxiety to seem fair, I ignore the quality of letters from people who have been sponsored by the tobacco industry. Quality is hard to define. I restricted my argument to a consideration of the rational since to publish irrational criticism would be ludicrous. A letter's seeming rationality certainly gives the editor hope, though the points being made may still be nitpicking or not germane. Of course, this presupposes that the editor can distinguish the rational from the irrational. As editors, Davis and Chapman must know that expert reviewers often differ strenuously on this very question. Editors try hard to select and improve the best, but

Educational Management: An Agenda for the 1990s

In the first of what the Editors hope will be an on-going series of papers on this theme, Les Bell of the University of Warwick sets out to distinguish the contemporary issues which could and should concern those in educational management who consider themselves as scholars and those who might think of themselves as practitioners. Like others who have attempted this, the author finds this no easy task but is nevertheless able to identify an agenda of three such issues for scholars and six for practitioners.

Book reviews

This multi-author book “attempts to provide a readable, authoritative and balanced review of the emotional pressures and coping methods of cancer patients and help currently available to them”. By asking “outstanding authorities” expert in research and clinical experience to contribute, the editor hopes the book will lead to improved psychological care.

DIFFERENTIATING FINANCIAL ACCOUNTABILITY AND MANAGEMENT IN GOVERNMENTS, PUBLIC SERVICES AND CHARITIES

This paper illustrates many types of not‐for‐profit organisations (NFPOs) whose characteristics of financial accountability and management differentiate them as suitable for study in this journal. It also more briefly introduces some of the distinctive characteristics of the environment of financial accountability and management in NFPOs. Its purpose is to give readers the flavour of the intended future coverage of FAM, which should include a wider range of disciplinary insights than appear in this first paper. The editor hopes that academics, practitioners and others will be stimulated to submit authoritative papers relating to any of the relevant organisations, characteristics or problems.

Tunable lasers - An overview

The purpose oft his editorial and the SpeciaIls sue on Tunable Lasers is to highlight the large number of research opportunities in the area of tunable lasers. The extensive list of applications provides both justification and a sense of urgency for research on tunable lasers. The Guest Editors hope that the objective has been reached. Ever since laser sources were first demonstrated, the idea of a tunable "radio-like" coherent source has been recognized as having a large number of potential applications. If, however, one searches abstracting services such as the Defense Technical Information Center or Physics Abstracts, there does not appear to be an aggressive pursuit of the goal of tunable lasers. The research activity that has gone on resulted in commercial tunable sources realized mainly by dye lasers or by nonlinear processes such as parametric oscillators. The ultimate tunable laser (at any wavelength) has not been developed, but its characteristics can be imagined; the ultimate tunable lasers in terms of practicability and simplicity certainly would be a stable, longlife, easily servicable material operating at room temperature, which via external settings may be tuned within its tunable range to any selected frequency. Recently, the discovery of alexandrite has in fact provided the first material that provides these characteristics.

Abstracts and Reviews : 10 News and Views

The Editors hope that the essay which fol lows will give rise to a lively discussion in view of the controversial nature of the views expressed.

Significant Developments in the Sociology of Education?

Halsey, Floud & Anderson's Education, Economy and Society (1961) was the standard reader on the sociology of education throughout the I96os, but it has been looking increasingly dated over the last few years. Power and Ideology in Education clearly aspires to be its successor. It constitutes, the editors hope, a useful survey and criticism of the present state of social scientific knowledge in education. And while, in their introductory essay, they carefully disclaim any pretension either to encyclopedic coverage or cosmic objectivity, Nonetheless we have ventured to put forward a general view and to criticize, both broadly and in detail, the authors whose work we have chosen as illustrative of what we take to be the significant developments of research since 1960 (p. I) [I]. Education, Economy and Society, like most large readers, contained a proportion of dead wood, a proportion of articles that one never read oneself nor recommended to one's students. I doubt if I ever touched the articles there by Schelsky, Kob or Goldschmidt, for example. And I doubt if I am alone for one looks in vain for the names of Schelsky, Kob and Goldschmidt among the one thousand authors listed in Karabel and Halsey's index. Their contributions to the academic work of Britain and America on education in the I96os and I970s seem to have been negligible. But Education, Economy and Society also contained papers that have become minor classics in their own right. We forgave the editors their mistakes in gratitude for having ready access to Turner on sponsored and contest mobility, to Bernstein on social class and linguistic development, to Arnold Anderson's skeptical note on education and mobility, to Kahl on 'common man' boys, and indeed to Halsey and Floud themselves on English secondary schools and the supply of labour. It could be argued that a reader such as this made a not insignificant contribution to the development of the discipline by making these articles so readily available. So what will be the dead wood in Power and Ideology in Education? What will be its minor classics? How often, I wonder, will we refer to Ringer, Paci or Tyack? Will we prove grateful for easy access to Randall Collins on functional and conflict theories, to Bowles on unequal education and the reproduction of the social division of labour, to Husen on academic performance in selective and comprehensive schools and to Boudon on education and mobility? Will we come to see the issues treated by these writers as the important ones and, equally significant, come to neglect the issues they omit? Certainly, the editors' introduction to the reader as a whole and to each of its six sections leaves one in little doubt that they have a polemical intention, that they wish to single out