Editing Assistance Research Articles

EXAMINING THE IMPACT OF AI-POWERED WRITING TOOLS ON INDEPENDENT WRITING SKILLS OF HEALTH SCIENCE GRADUATES

The level of reliance on AI-Powered Writing Tools (AI-PWT) profoundly impacts the independent writing skill of English as Second Language (ESL) learners. The present study explores the familiarity and utility of two different types of AI -Powered Writing Tools (Independent Writing with AI editing assistance; Generative writing with AI assistance) among ESL health science graduates and to understand the role of these tools in shaping their independent writing skills. Method: The study adopted a survey technique to understand the knowledge, attitude and utility of AI-powered writing tools among 309 Health Science graduates from a South Indian private Medical University. Result: The findings showed the overall frequency distribution of the participants’ level of knowledge had a higher score range of 14-20 in 213 (68.9%) samples. Although 215 (70%) were familiar on using AI-PWT to improve vocabulary and grammar, around 17-19 % were uncertain about receiving real-time writing feedback to optimize the content. 199 (64%) expressed a positive perspective in using AI-PWT. Around 214 (69.3 %) took assistance from AI-PWT for generative writing purposes than revising the independently written content. In practice, only 64 (20.7 %) received feedback to refine the vocabulary and 60 (19.4%) to revise grammar, indicating an inclination for more generative writing with AI utility than Independent Writing with editing assistance. Conclusion: AI-Powered Writing Tools are well-recognised and powerful writing assistance to help students with their academic writing. However, relying on these tools only for generative purposes could significantly affect independent writing. The study insists on the need for teacher-guided assistance to train students to adopt the right tool that could best serve as a collaborative writing assistant adhering to the ethics.

A right to research?

A right to research?

Editing assistance tool validation for English language learners

PurposeEditing assistance software programs are computer-based tools that check and make suggestions for the grammar, spelling and style of a piece of writing. These tools are becoming more popular as recommendations for students who struggle with written expression, such as English language learners (ELLs). The purpose of the present study is to compare the performance of four different programs with embedded editing assistance tools in their ability to identify errors in the writing of ELLs.Design/methodology/approachRepeated measures ANOVAs were conducted to determine whether there were differences in the number of errors (i.e. spelling, grammar, punctuation and errors that change the meaning of the text) identified by editing assistance programs (i.e. Grammarly, Ginger, Microsoft Word, Google Docs and human raters) for writing by ELLs.FindingsThe results of the present study indicate that the four programs did not differ in their identification of spelling errors. None of the editing assistance programs identified as many errors as the human raters; therefore, editing assistance cannot yet replace effective human editing for ELLs.Research limitations/implicationsLimitations with the present study include manual verification of errors flagged by editing programs, multiple raters, a small sample size and a young sample of students.Practical implicationsThe paper includes practical factors to consider when integrating editing assistance software into the classroom, including the development needs of students, the impact of students' first language and student training on the technology.Originality/valueThis paper provides school psychologists, teachers and other professionals working with students with specific, evidence-based recommendations for implementation of editing assistance AT.

The path to find an HIV vaccine.

The path to find an HIV vaccine.

Local Reports on Natural Disasters: Significance, Historic and Recent Examples, and Requirements

When major natural disasters occur, not only scientific and national administrative parties but also individuals and organizations from the local areas affected by the disaster prepare a variety of reports. Considering the general structure of natural disaster processes that occur and progress in diverse and specific spatiotemporal conditions, such reports prepared locally are expected to contribute to both reminding residents of the disaster and to improving future hazard-mitigation measures of the area concerned. At the same time, being based on primary sources related to various hazard-triggered local events, the reports support a more comprehensive understanding of the disasters as a whole. This paper reviews numerous reports on major tsunami disasters that occurred on the Sanriku Coast, Northeastern Japan, since the late 19th century. Most reports on the 1896, 1933 and 1960 tsunami disasters were prepared by local intellectuals supported in some cases by local governments. After the 2011 tsunami, most stricken municipalities published reports with financial assistance from the national government, and some of them received reporting and editing assistance from outside experts, including scholars and journalists. As local reports are prepared in a situation of potentially plentiful primary sources related to various aspects of the disaster in the area, the results of such reports depend heavily on the collection and presentation of primary sources. Report writers, including outside experts, contribute to reporting, editing, and presenting using suitable images, maps, tables, and narratives. For more effective use of the primary sources, it is suggested that these people have an adequate perspective of both the overall structure of disaster processes and the local conditions of the area concerned.

Students' Technological Literacy to Improve Academic Writing and Publication Quality

Writing is an academic culture to be developed in higher education environment. Along with its development, the distribution of the academic works goes beyond geographic barriers, hence, making it easier for researchers to explore and obtain material for literature review. However, these conveniences are not in line with the students’ ability to publish their academic writing. Thus, this research aims at identifying ways to improve students’ technological literacy to increase the number of academic papers in reputable publications and reporting the collaboration results in increasing the number of student publications. Action Research was chosen as the research design, which was done by involving 63 students of a university in Sumedang Regency, consisting of 23 female students and 40 male students coming from various regions in West Java, Indonesia. The findings showed that the students’ weaknesses in writing were in its originality, cited references that were not representative and credible, and the inconsistency between in-text citation and reference list. Then, this research employed seven critical steps to publish academic writing: (1) Introduce and use of technological literacy, (2) search of journals for publication, (3) writing assistance, (4) article editing, (5) similarity check, (6) journal submission, and (7) final revision assistance. These steps were found to increase the number of student publications by 84.12%. Hence, higher education institutions in Indonesia are suggested to increase the publication numbers to enhance technology information-based academic culture.

A new simple method of handmade face shield using A4‐size OHP sheet, during the COVID‐19 pandemic

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1983PD_PR - Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP): Retrospective molecular classification of potentially eligible patients (pts) for targeted or immunotherapy treatment (tx) using the prospective CUPISCO trial’s criteria

1983PD_PR - Comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) of carcinoma of unknown primary origin (CUP): Retrospective molecular classification of potentially eligible patients (pts) for targeted or immunotherapy treatment (tx) using the prospective CUPISCO trial’s criteria

G. E. Bentley, Jr., <i>Boondoggles: Travels of a Restless Professor</i>

When Jerry Bentley’s article on the Blake dealings of A. S. W. Rosenbach appeared posthumously in the winter 2017–18 issue of the journal, I assumed that it was his last work to be published. I should have known better. Boondoggles are his tales of a lifetime’s travels, a memoir begun with the editing assistance of his daughters and completed by them after his death. That Sarah and Julia brought the project to fruition is appropriate, as the stories revolve around family and derive from the many letters that Jerry wrote to family and friends. His pride in and love for them shine through, as they do for his wife, Beth, who presides throughout as a benevolent facilitator of all things: “For fifty-nine years Beth managed my life firmly and inconspicuously. Hurricanes, revolutions, poverty, respectability—nothing fazed her. Beth could always manage” (6).

Infection prevention: laying an essential foundation for quality universal health coverage

Infection prevention: laying an essential foundation for quality universal health coverage

Phase III study of androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with enzalutamide (ENZA) or placebo (PBO) in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC): The ARCHES trial.

687 Background: ENZA, a potent androgen receptor inhibitor, has demonstrated benefit in men with metastatic and nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). Efficacy of ENZA with ADT in men with mHSPC is unknown. Methods: ARCHES is a multinational, double-blind, phase 3 study (NCT02677896). Patients (pts) with mHSPC were randomized 1:1 to ENZA (160 mg/day) + ADT or PBO + ADT, stratified by disease volume (CHAARTED criteria) and prior docetaxel therapy. Primary endpoint was radiographic progression-free survival (rPFS) assessed centrally or death within 24 weeks of treatment discontinuation. Secondary endpoints included time to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression, PSA and radiographic responses and overall survival (OS). Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. Results: 1150 men were randomized to ENZA (n=574) or PBO (n=576); baseline characteristics were balanced between groups. Overall, 67% had distant metastasis at initial diagnosis; 63% had high volume disease, 18% had prior docetaxel. Median follow-up was 14.4 mo. ENZA + ADT significantly improved rPFS (Table); similar significant improvements in rPFS were reported in prespecified subgroups of disease volume, pattern of spread, region and prior docetaxel (HRs 0.24–0.53). Secondary endpoints improved with ENZA + ADT (Table); OS data are immature. Grade 3–4 adverse events (AEs) were reported in 23.6% of ENZA pts vs 24.7% of PBO pts with no unexpected AEs. Conclusions: ENZA + ADT significantly improved rPFS and other efficacy endpoints vs PBO + ADT in men with mHSPC, with a preliminary safety analysis that appears consistent with the safety profile of ENZA in previous CRPC clinical trials. Acknowledgements: Medical writing and editing assistance was provided by Stephanie Rippon, MBio, and Lauren Smith from Complete HealthVizion, funded by the study sponsors. This study was funded by Astellas Pharma Inc. and Medivation LLC, a Pfizer Company, the co-developers of enzalutamide. Clinical trial information: NCT02677896. [Table: see text]

China's Belt and Road Initiative from a global health perspective.

China's Belt and Road Initiative from a global health perspective.

Processed Food—An Experiment That Failed

Processed Food—An Experiment That Failed

Increasing geographic diversity in the international conservation literature: A stalled process?

Tropical countries are important to conservation because of the threats to the high levels of biodiversity there, but research on conservation science in these mostly developing countries has traditionally been written by foreigners. This disconnect could have serious implications for the practice of conservation, as local scientists can be more effective than foreigners in interacting with practitioners or pushing forward conservation action themselves. These scientists' careers are strengthened by participation in the international literature, and their knowledge about conservation's success in their country provides necessary feedback to the theoretical literature. We assess the past and current status of geographic diversity in the international conservation literature, over 30years and in comparison to other fields, as well as present acceptance rate data from prominent journals, broken down by the country of corresponding authorship. While the proportion of articles in all fields contributed by low and medium income countries increases over time, the percentage of conservation articles contributed by corresponding authors from low income countries is actually declining. Manuscripts by authors from low income countries were less than half as likely to be published as those from high income countries. We present a list of specific policies that journals can implement to reverse these trends, such as having regional editors, providing editing assistance, waiving fees, and seeking locally focused studies from which globally relevant strategies and lessons can be drawn. We also stress that long-term the problem can best be addressed by funding educational institutions that develop young researchers in the tropics.

Leptomeningeal inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis.

A 44-year-old man with a 20-year history of seropositive erosive rheumatoid arthritis (RA), diagnosed according to the American Rheumatology Association revised criteria,1 was referred for severe headache and partial simple motor seizures. At the time of presentation, his disease was inactive under a stable dose of methylprednisolone (8 mg/day). The neurologic examination was normal: there were no cranial nerve palsies, sensory motor deficits, gait imbalance, impairment of cognitive functions, or neck stiffness. Fundoscopy did not reveal any abnormality. The major finding on neuroimaging was a marked leptomeningeal enhancement (figure, A, C, and E). CSF analysis showed a normal opening pressure, normal cell count, and a slightly increased immunoglobulin G index; viral markers and culture studies were unremarkable. Biopsy specimen displayed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation of leptomeninges without pachymeningeal involvement (figure, G and H). IV methylprednisolone was prescribed (1 g/day for 3 days) followed by methotrexate in order to enhance immunosuppression and avoid an increase of the steroid load; favorable clinical and radiologic responses were observed (figure, B, D, and F). Acknowledgment: The authors thank Dr. Francesco Sessa (Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Ancona, Italy) and Dr. Sara Zagaglia (Neurological Clinic, University Hospital of Ancona, Italy) for editing assistance.

Success in publication by graduate students in psychiatry in Brazil: an empirical evaluation of the relative influence of English proficiency and advisor expertise.

BackgroundThis study evaluates the success of graduate students in psychiatry in an emerging country, in terms of the quantity and quality of their publication productivity (given by the number of papers and impact factors of the journals in which they publish). We investigated to what extent student proficiency in English and the scientific capabilities of academic advisors predict that success.MethodsOur sample comprised 43 master’s and doctoral students in psychiatry (n = 28 and n = 15, respectively) at the University of São Paulo School of Medicine, in São Paulo, Brazil. We collected information about their knowledge of English and the ways in which they wrote their articles to be submitted to periodicals published in English. Multiple regression analyses were carried out in order to investigate the influence English proficiency, h-index of supervisors and use of language editing assistance had on the number and impact of student publications.ResultsAlthough 60% of students scored ≥80 (out of 100) on English tests given at admission to the graduate program, 93.09% of the sample used some form of external editing assistance to produce their papers in English. The variables “number of publications” and “impact factor of journals” were significantly related to each other (r = 0.550, p < 0.001). Multiple regression analysis revealed that the impact factor of periodicals where students published their articles as first authors correlated significantly not only with student proficiency in English at admission (p = 0.035), but also with the degree of language editing assistance (p = 0.050) and the h-index of the academic advisor (p = 0.050).ConclusionsAlbeit relevant, knowledge of English was not the key factor for the publication success of the graduate students evaluated. Other variables (h-index of the advisor and third-party language editing assistance) appear to be also important predictors of success in publication.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1472-6920-14-238) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Bringing Human Rights Home: The Challenge of Enforcing Judicial Rulings in Ukraine and Russia

The problem of systemic non-enforcement of judicial decisions, the Ukrainian government’s failure to respond to a pilot judgment, and Russia’s legislative reform offer important case studies for both rule of law development in the post-Soviet sphere and the efficacy of the European human rights system. This article looks at systemic non-enforcement both as a domestic and international challenge. It first examines Ukraine’s history with the European Court of Human Rights and the response to the Ivanov v. Ukraine pilot judgment. It unpacks the factors that are responsible for persistent non-enforcement and for preventing domestic reform. It then turns to Russia, and explores the European Court of Human Rights’ pilot judgment in the case Burdov v. Russia (no. 2), the Russian response, and implementation of the subsequent reforms. Lastly, the article examines the significance and implications of these cases for the European human rights regime. * Ph. D, Dean and Professor, School of Law National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. ** Fulbright Research Fellow, School of Law National University of Kyiv-Mohyla Academy. † The authors and the Indiana International & Comparative Law Review would especially like to thank Viktoriia Serediuk-Buz for her editing assistance. This Article was completed and submitted to the The Indiana International & Comparative Law Review prior to the beginning of the Maidan protests in late 2013 and the end of the Yanukovych presidency in February 2014. Although the ongoing events in Ukraine have significantly changed the political landscape, this Article offers insight into the systemic problems facing the Ukrainian judiciary and some of the interest groups and governance issues, including budgetary shortfalls that have stymied reform in the past. Effective judicial reform remains a major challenge and priority for the current government, which must address the issues discussed within this Article in seeking to meet the international standards for effective and impartial judicial redress. On numerous occasions newly-elected President Petro Poroshenko has confirmed that Ukraine has chosen the European vector for its political and economic development. Adherence to the principles of the rule of law including strict execution of both international and domestic court decisions would signify an important step towards European values and standards. 1. Ivanov v. Ukraine, 2009 Eur. Ct. H.R. 767, archived at http://perma.cc/Q8HM-

Bilateral cerebellar hemorrhage in vermian vein thrombosis

A 67-year-old previously healthy man presented with sudden onset of headache, vomiting, and instability of stance and gait. Neurologic examination demonstrated bilateral dysmetria of the limbs, ataxia, and scanning speech. Neuroimaging showed bilateral cerebellar hemorrhage and altered signal of the superior vermian vein suggestive for thrombosis (figures 1 and 2). Workup for hematologic, coagulation, and immunologic disorders was negative. Acknowledgment : The authors thank Dr. Francesca Lupidi (Neurological Clinic, University Hospital of Ancona, Italy) and Dr. Natalie Herber (Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital of Ancona, Italy) for editing assistance.

PWE-026 Effects of 26 Weeks of Linaclotide Treatment on Adequate Relief and IBS Severity in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation (IBS-C)

IntroductionThere have been few long-term studies evaluating treatments for IBS. Linaclotide (LIN), a 14 amino acid, minimally absorbed, guanylate cyclase C agonist (GCCA), was evaluated in 2 Phase 3 trials...

PWE-025 Assessing the Percent of Days Linaclotide Improved Abdominal Symptoms and Stool Frequency in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome with Constipation (IBS-C): Pooled Analysis of 2 Phase 3 Trials

IntroductionLinaclotide (LIN), a minimally absorbed guanylate cyclase C agonist (GCCA), improved abdominal symptoms and bowel movement (BM) frequency in patients (pts) with IBS-C in 2 Phase 3 trials. This post-hoc...