Edinburgh Experience Research Articles

Reflections on tourists’ experiential engagement with Scotland’s whisky heritage

ABSTRACT This study investigates how tourists engage with heritage at contemporary experiential sites that have become popular amongst visitors and vital ambassadors of a destination’s heritage. Grounded in the theoretical concept of engagement from an andragogical standpoint, the study utilizes and critically examines reviews from a specific interactive and technologically- advanced whisky experience in Edinburgh, Scotland, namely the Scotch Whisky Experience. Findings expose strong heritage appreciation among visitors, yet challenges exist in engagement despite the optimization of sine qua non human and technologically advanced means. A conceptual diagram of heritage engagement for academic and tourism stakeholders’ consideration is provided, re-enforcing its applicability in contexts beyond the heritage sphere. Theoretical understandings of heritage engagement that ought to be extended beyond visitors’ personal experiential gain and value are also discoursed.

The price\u2013rent ratio inequality in Scottish Cities: fluctuations in discount rates and expected rent growth

The price to rent ratio can be used to identify properties which are either overvalued or undervalued according to market fundamentals. Fluctuations in the price to rent ratio over time, can be traced to either changes in expectations of future house price growth (expected returns) or rental growth. In this paper, we measure the impact of these latent variables in Scotland’s main cities by implementing a state-space model based on the present value. The model estimates show that the proportion of expected rent growth and expected returns driving the price to rent ratio differs across Scotland. Glasgow seems to be driven mostly by expected returns, while rent growth drives price movements in Edinburgh. A geographic dimension is noted as cities on the East coast share similar expected returns and expected rent growth. Housing market trends in Scotland mostly follow the Edinburgh experience. Further decompositions show that house price changes are driven by an equal combination of expected rent growth and expected returns in Dundee and Aberdeen.

Making the switch from high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to capillary electrophoresis (CE)—The Edinburgh experience

An open and indiscriminate disposal of coal fly ash causes extensive changes in physicochemical properties of soil and water. Few studies propose that coal fly ash is a potential soil ameliorant that may improve the physical, chemical, biological properties, and nutritional quality of the agricultural soil. However, several recent studies documented that incorporation of higher dosages of coal fly ash into water and soil releases toxic elements consequently creating soil and groundwater pollution leading to major health, environmental, and land use problems. To assess the environmental impact of hazardous coal fly ash on the ecological system, physicochemical and hydrogeochemical analysis of both soil and groundwater are performed. X-ray diffractograms (XRD) of soils from agricultural and landfill sites (n = 8) along with coal fly ash (n = 2) show the presence of characteristic minerals of coal fly ash and also toxic arsenic mineral phases suggesting the strong influence of hazardous coal fly ash on agricultural soil. The hydrogeochemical parameters of groundwater samples (n = 27) are analyzed which show elevated concentrations of most of the major ions corresponding to higher values than maximum permissible levels of recommended drinking water standards by World Health Organization (WHO) and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). The water quality indices (WQI) suggests poor to unsuitable water for drinking. Conversely, evaluation of various other hydrochemical indices calculated using elemental concentration of the groundwater samples demarcates contamination of water due to the open dumping of coal fly ash and therefore not desirable for drinking purposes.

The life and legacy of William Keiller (1861-1931), anatomist, artist and curator.

After graduating in medicine from the Edinburgh Extramural School of Medicine, William Keiller trained in obstetrics and became anatomy lecturer at the Edinburgh College of Medicine for Women, where he successfully devised and developed an anatomical curriculum. In 1891, Keiller was appointed as the Professor of anatomy at the state medical department of the University of Texas, at the age of 30. He built up a nationally recognised anatomy department, museum and teaching curriculum informed by his experience in Edinburgh. Keiller left the University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston a rich legacy, including anatomical specimens and drawings.

P459 Vedolizumab for the treatment of chronic pouchitis: the Edinburgh experience

P459 Vedolizumab for the treatment of chronic pouchitis: the Edinburgh experience

From Bilingualism to Bilingualisms: Bilingual experience in Edinburgh and Singapore affects attentional control differently

Recent theories propose that language-switching in bilinguals influences executive control. We investigated whether switching behaviour, shaped by the bilingual's interactional context as well as personal preferences impacted attentional control. We compared four groups – (i) Edinburgh monolinguals, (ii) Edinburgh non-switching late bilinguals, (iii) Edinburgh non-switching early bilinguals, and (iv) Singapore switching early bilinguals – on two tasks of attentional control. Effects of interactional context were observed, with Singapore bilinguals performing better on conflict resolution in the Attention Network Task and Edinburgh late bilinguals on attentional switching in the Elevator reversal (Test of Everyday Attention) subtest. Our results suggest that the interactional context of bilinguals could impact attentional control differently.

P416 Real world data on the effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: the Edinburgh experience

P416 Real world data on the effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in the treatment of Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis: the Edinburgh experience

P586 A novel approach to the implementation of biosimilar infliximab CT-P13 for the treatment of IBD utilising therapeutic drug monitoring: the Edinburgh experience

P586 A novel approach to the implementation of biosimilar infliximab CT-P13 for the treatment of IBD utilising therapeutic drug monitoring: the Edinburgh experience

Double-balloon colonoscopy for failed conventional colonoscopy: the Edinburgh experience and systematic review of existing data

Double-balloon colonoscopy for failed conventional colonoscopy: the Edinburgh experience and systematic review of existing data

Advanced mechanical circulatory support for refractory cardiogenic shock after cardiac surgery: An eleven-year experience in Edinburgh

Post-cardiotomy cardiogenic shock (PCCS) occurs in 2-6% of patients undergoing surgical revascularization or valvular surgery. Approximately 0.5-1.5% of patients are refractory to maximal inotropic and intra-aortic balloon counter pulsation (IABP) support. Refractory PCCS leads to rapid multi-organ dysfunction syndrome and is an almost universally fatal clinical state without advanced mechanical circulatory support (AMCS) i.e. extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) or ventricular assist devices (VAD). However, the associated major complications and cost related to such complex devices has led to centralization of such valuable services to only a few UK centers.

Local recurrence following breast conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in-situ: The Edinburgh experience

Local recurrence following breast conserving surgery for ductal carcinoma in-situ: The Edinburgh experience

The discovery of T cell-B cell cooperation.

The discovery of T cell-B cell cooperation.

Surgical Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Involving the Temporal Bone: “The Edinburgh Experience”

Surgical Management of Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks Involving the Temporal Bone: “The Edinburgh Experience”

The Edinburgh experience of cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection

The Edinburgh experience of cutaneous Mycobacterium chelonae infection

Transperitoneal Versus Retroperitoneal Laparoscopic Ureterolithotomy: A Prospective Randomized Comparison Study

We compared laparoscopic transperitoneal and retroperitoneal ureterolithotomy approaches, and determined whether one technique is superior to the other. In this prospective randomized study from January 2009 to May 2012, 48 patients with proximal or mid ureteral stones underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy or retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy. The randomization occurred on a 1:1 basis. Groups 1 and 2 consisted of patients who underwent transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy and retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy, respectively. Demographic and clinical characteristics as well as postoperative data were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS® version 15.0 using the Fisher exact and Mann-Whitney U tests with p <0.05 considered statistically significant. The difference in visual pain analog score and mean tramadol requirement on days 1 and 2 between the 2 groups was statistically significant, and was higher in group 1 (p <0.05). Postoperative hospital stay and paralytic ileus rates were significantly higher in group 1 (p <0.05). The differences in total operative time and intracorporeal suturing time between the 2 groups were not statistically significant. However, successful stone removal was equal in the 2 groups. For proximal or mid ureteral large and impacted stones, transperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy is significantly associated with pain, greater tramadol requirement, ileus and longer hospital stay than retroperitoneal laparoscopic ureterolithotomy. However, successful stone removal remains the same in both groups.

Psychiatry and homosexuality in mid-twentieth-century Edinburgh: the view from Jordanburn Nerve Hospital

There has been little historical research into the post-war treatment of homosexuality, especially in Scotland. Using surviving records from the Jordanburn Nerve Hospital (JNH) in Edinburgh for the 1950s, this paper sets out to rectify this omission. The views of homosexuality held by the psychiatrists, and the main treatment strategies adopted (categorized as hospitalization, suppression, reorientation/'cure', and adjustment) are surveyed and illustrated from particular cases. The Edinburgh experience is also compared with perceptions and practices relating to the treatment of homosexual problems in Glasgow. It is concluded that psychiatrists at the JNH adopted a cautious, ad hoc approach to therapy, reflecting both ideological and resource constraints and an attachment to taxonomies of deviance rooted in established notions of sexual pathology.

Implications from long-term follow-up after breast-conserving therapy for patient selection and duration of follow-up: The Edinburgh experience

555 Background: There are a few large population-based series assessing the long-term outcomes of breast-conserving therapy (BCT). Methods: A consecutive series (1981–98) of 1,812 women managed by wide local excision and postoperative radiotherapy (45Gy in 20–25 fractions). Results: Mean age was 54.9 years, range 24–91. Median clinical tumor size was 20mm. Histology was no special type in 1,477 patients (78.8%), tubular in 95 patients and lobular in 121. Tumor grade was available in 1,734 patients (450 grade 1, 767 grade 2, and 517 grade 3). Of 1,725 patients with margin status recorded, there was involvement by IBC in 250 and DCIS in 50. Axillary surgery was node sample in 1,385 patients (76.4%), level III clearance in 391 patients, and level II dissection in 36. Axillary lymph nodes were histologically node negative in 1,318 patients (72.7%). Adjuvant systemic therapy was tamoxifen alone in 1,179 patients (65.1%) and other hormone therapy in 250 patients. 306 patients received chemotherapy with half the...

Use of methotrexate in refractory Crohnʼs disease: The Edinburgh experience

In the two benchmark controlled trials in Crohn's disease (CD) supporting its use, methotrexate (MTX) was used as the immunosuppressant of choice in immunomodulatory-naive patients. However, in daily clinical practice MTX is used generally after thiopurine analogs have failed. The data are reported using intramuscular (IM) MTX (25 mg/week) in the induction of remission and oral MTX (15 mg/week) in 39 CD patients with a median age of 32 years, assessed retrospectively. In all, 97% patients had failed azathioprine and/or mercaptopurine therapy due to lack of efficacy in 14 (36%) and side effects in 24 (61%) patients; 21 patients (53%) were steroid-dependent with a median dose of 27.5 mg prednisolone/day for over a year. In all, 72% of patients tolerated an induction regimen of 25 mg/week of IM MTX; 10% managed a reduced dose and 18% were intolerant. Remission was achieved in 71% of patients at 16 weeks. In the patients taking corticosteroids, withdrawal was achieved in 26% of patients and reduction in 47% at 16 weeks. Oral MTX therapy was continued in 22 patients after induction. In this group the probability of relapse was 78% at 50 weeks of oral therapy. Parenteral MTX therapy is efficacious in inducing remission in steroid-dependent CD patients, although its use is limited by side effects in approximately 30% of patients. Low-dose oral therapy does not maintain long-term remission and is not a suitable alternative.

O-10 Changing pattern of the detection of loco-regional relapse in breast cancer: The Edinburgh Experience

O-10 Changing pattern of the detection of loco-regional relapse in breast cancer: The Edinburgh Experience

Changing pattern of the detection of locoregional relapse in breast cancer: the Edinburgh experience.

The guidelines for follow-up of breast cancer patients concentrate on the first 3–5 years, with either reduced frequency of visits or discharge after this. They also recommend mammography, but no evidence exists to inform frequency. We analyse treatable relapses in our unit from 1312 patients with early stage breast cancer treated by breast conserving surgery (BCS) and postoperative radiotherapy between 1991 and 1998 to assess appropriateness of the guidelines. A total of 110 treatable relapses were analysed. Treatable relapse developed at 1–1.5% per year throughout follow-up. Forty-eight relapses were in ipsilateral breast, 25 ipsilateral axilla, 35 contralateral breast, 2 both breasts simultaneously. Thirty-seven relapses (33.5%) were symptomatic, 56 (51%) mammographically detected, 15 (13.5%) clinically detected, 2 (2%) diagnosed incidentally. Mammography detected 5.37 relapses per 1000 mammograms. Patients with symptomatic or mammographically detected ipsilateral breast relapse had significantly longer survival from original diagnosis (P=0.0002) and from recurrence (P=0.0014) compared with clinically detected. Treatable relapse occurs at a constant rate for at least 10 years. Clinical examination detects a minority (13.5%). Relapse diagnosed clinically is associated with poorer outcome. Long-term follow-up based on regular mammography is warranted for all patients treated by BCS.