Edible Safety Research Articles

Recent advances in nutraceutical delivery systems constructed by protein-polysaccharide complexes: A systematic review.

Most nutraceuticals have low stability and solubility, making it difficult to achieve ideal bioavailability by directly incorporating into food. Therefore, constructing delivery systems to protect nutraceuticals is an essential strategy. Proteins and polysaccharides have become ideal materials for encapsulating nutraceuticals due to their superior nutritional value, edible safety, and physicochemical properties. This review first introduces the binding methods of protein-polysaccharide complexes and analyzes their respective merits, defects, and applications. Then, various protein-polysaccharide complex-based nutraceutical delivery systems are systematically summarized, including emulsions, gels, nanoparticles, microcapsules, complexes, and films, which can improve the stability, encapsulation efficiency, and bioaccessibility of nutraceuticals. In addition to traditional globular proteins mentioned in previous reviews, this review also introduces the advantages of another morphology of proteins (protein fibrils with linear structure) in the formation of protein-polysaccharide complexes and the construction of nutraceutical delivery systems. Next, the affecting factors are analyzed to achieve the precise control of protein-polysaccharide complex-based nutraceutical delivery systems. To improve public acceptability of protein-polysaccharide complex-based nutraceutical delivery systems, the safety and regulatory aspects are also discussed in detail. Moreover, the applications of such delivery systems are presented, including dietary supplements, food ingredients, food packaging, and food detection. Finally, several promising research directions that had not been provided before are innovatively proposed, including cell-cultured meat scaffolds, plant-based meat analogs, three-dimensional printing inks, and "three reductions" foods. Overall, this review provides guidance for designing protein-polysaccharide complex-based nutraceutical delivery systems with customized nutrition and superior bioavailability.

Oral Lactoferrin-Responsive Formulation Anchoring around Inflammatory Bowel Region for IBD Therapy.

Oral formulation is the ideal treatment method for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy, but the mucosal damage and diarrhea symptoms impede the drug retention around the inflammatory region, severely limiting IBD therapeutic efficacy. To address this, an oral astaxanthin (Ast) precise delivery formulation is developed with the selective Ast anchoring around the inflammatory region by the novel lactoferrin (LF)-responsive flocculation. This formulation also heightens the apparent solubility of Ast with the minimized edible safety risks for the edible raw materials. For in vivo IBD therapy, the precise delivery formulation exhibits remarkable outcomes, including a significant increase in colon length and a 100% survival rate. Furthermore, it is verified that the mechanism of treatment is primarily attributed to the improved immunoregulation, epithelial repair, and gut microbiota remodeling after the LF-responsive flocculation. This effective inflammatory-responsive delivery design is instructive and valuable to develop more precise delivery systems for IBD therapy.

Preparation of composite hydrogel with mechanical stability and temperature response for tea polyphenol release

The method of adding additives at once not only increases costs, but also poses a risk of excessive consumption. Therefore, the slow-release technology was employed for improving the utilization efficiency and edible safety of additives in this work. The poly (N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) and polylactic acid (PLA) composite hydrogels with sheath-core structure were fabricated by in-situ spinning method. The mechanical bearing capacity of PNIPAM hydrogel was improved by controlling the structure of PLA electrospun fiber membrane. The results showed that the compression resistance of the samples coated with PLA was increased 931 % at 50 % deformation. In addition, the surface wettability of samples was studied to ensure the stable water permeability. The composite hydrogel was used for the sustained release of tea polyphenol (TP) antioxidant. The release effect of TP at different temperatures, and radical scavenging effect of 2, 2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and 2-Phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetraMethyliMidazoline-3-oxide-1-oxyl) (PTIO) were investigated. It was found that the release rate for TP could reach to 77.8 % at 30 °C. The radical clearance rates of ABTS and PTIO were 99.2 % and 46.6 %, respectively. This work provides effective ideas for the use of antioxidants in food preservation processes.

Effect of radio frequency energy combined with natamycin on Aspergillus niger survival and quality of dried shiitake mushroom with different moisture content

Effectively controlling molds in dried shiitake mushrooms is important for food industry to maintain the product quality. To improve the edible safety of shiitake mushrooms, this study applied radio frequency (RF) energy combined with natamycin to inactivate Aspergillus niger spores, and evaluate the quality changes after the treatment. The results showed that the population of A. niger spores in shiitake mushrooms with different moisture contents (MCs) could achieve a 5-log (CFU/g) reduction after the combined treatment at different temperatures. Weibull distribution (R2 = 0.978 to 1.000) provided a better fit for the inactivation kinetics of A. niger spores than Linear model (R2 = 0.954 to 0.990) and Logistic one (R2 = 0.953 to 0.988). Meanwhile, the three-dimensional inactivation curves were constructed based on the sample MCs, RF heating time, and holding time. In addition, the MCs of treated shiitake mushrooms decreased by 4.12%–7.66% (w.b.) after natural cooling, achieving synchronous drying. There was no significant difference in textural properties of shiitake mushrooms after the combined treatment. The changes in color, structure, rehydration ratio, and total sugar content were affected by the treatment time and temperatures. As one of the main aroma substances, the content of sulfur-containing compounds in shiitake mushrooms after treatment increased compared to that of the control samples. This study indicates that the combination of RF energy and natamycin is feasible for inactivating pathogens in shiitake mushroom and ensuring the safety of their consumption.

Elevated pCO2 may increase the edible safety risk of clams exposed to toxic Alexandrium spp.

Toxic harmful algal blooms (HABs) have received increasing attention owing to their threat to the health of aquatic life and seafood consumers. This study evaluated the impacts of elevated atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 (pCO2) on the production of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) in different Alexandrium spp. strains, together with its further effects on the bioaccumulation/elimination dynamics of PSTs in bivalves contaminated with PSTs from toxic dinoflagellates. Our results showed that elevated pCO2 stimulated the growth of the two Alexandrium spp. (A. catenella and A. pacificum) isolated from the northern and southern coastal areas of China, respectively, and affected PST production including content and toxicity of the two strains differently. Further PSTs bioaccumulation/elimination in PSTs-contaminated Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum under high pCO2 also occurred. It is worth noting the biotransformation of neosaxitoxin (NEO) with high toxicity through trophic transfer with effect of elevated pCO2. When in microalgae cultured under the control (410 ppm) and elevated pCO2 conditions (495 and 850 ppm), the proportion of NEO in the PST content produced by A. catenella was reduced from 11.1 to 6.4 and 2.6 %, while the proportion of NEO in A. pacificum was increased from 3.1 to 3.6 and 4.7 %, respectively. NEO accounted for >50 % of total PST contents in clams, which were biotransformed via transfer from dinoflagellates and higher pCO2 enhanced this biotransformation leading to increased NEO accumulation. The negatively affected elimination of PSTs, especially NEO, in clams fed with A. catenella or A. pacificum, indicates that the detoxification of PSTs-contaminated clams may be more difficult under elevated pCO2. This study provides reference for developing models to assess the safety of bivalves under the co-stress of environmental change and toxic HABs, suggesting that ocean acidification may lead to the higher safety risk of Manila clams exposed to toxic HAB dinoflagellates.

Evaluation of the Bioavailability of Iodine and Arsenic in Raw and Cooked Saccharina japonica Based on Simulated Digestion/Caco-2 Cell Model.

Kelp is a traditional healthy food due to its high nutritional content; however, its relatively high contents of iodine and arsenic have raised concerns about its edible safety. This study explored the effects of different cooking treatments on the contents of iodine and arsenic in kelp, evaluated the bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iodine and arsenic in kelp using in vitro digestion, and compared the differences in the transport characteristics of iodine in kelp and KIO3 using a Caco-2 monolayer cell transport model. The results show that the content of target elements that reached systemic circulation could be reduced by cooking and gastrointestinal digestion. The highest reductions in iodine and arsenic were 94.4% and 74.7%, respectively, which were achieved by boiling for 10 min. The bioaccessibility and bioavailability of iodine and arsenic were significantly improved by a cooking treatment. However, the contents of iodine and arsenic decreased significantly, with the bioaccessibility of iodine reducing from 3188.2 μg/L to 317.0 μg/L and that of arsenic reducing from 32.5 μg/L to 18.1 μg/L in the gastric phase after boiling. The findings also show that the efficiency of iodine transport in kelp and KIO3 was positively correlated with the transport time and negatively correlated with the concentration of iodine. With the increase in the iodine concentration, the rate of iodine transport in kelp decreased from 63.93% to 3.14%, but that of KIO3 was stable at around 35%, which indicates that the absorption efficiency of iodine from kelp was limited, even when too much kelp was ingested. In conclusion, the edible safety of kelp is significantly improved after cooking. The risk of excessive iodine and arsenic intake caused by consuming kelp is extremely low, and as an effective iodine supplement source, kelp has higher edible safety compared with KIO3. This study clarifies the safety of algae based on iodine and arsenic contents and also provides a basis for the formulation of food safety standards.

Correlation of fatty acids, glyceride core aldehydes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons during the thermal oxidation of hazelnut oil

Fatty acids in edible oil will be oxidized into aldehydes and ketones during hot processing, which will produce polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and other harmful substances to human health. Hazelnut oil was heated under different temperatures and times. For each type of oil sample, fatty acid composition, glyceride core aldehyde (GCAs), and PAHs were investigated. The correlation between these indicators was analyzed by the Pearson correlation coefficient. As the main component of hazelnut oil, oleic acid plays an essential role in the formation of GCAs. For GCAs, 9-oxo and 10-oxo-8 compounds were detected. The content of 9-oxo increased with the temperature, while there was no significant change in 10-oxo-8. There exist 15 kinds of PAHs in hazelnut oil. Correlation result shows that GCAs were strongly correlated with six kinds of PAHs (BaA, CHR, BbF, PYR, BaP, and IPY), which shows that GCAs are the precursor of several kinds of PAHs. The research provides strong theoretical guidance for the edible safety and control methods of hazelnut oil.

Distribution characteristics of potentially toxic metal(loid)s in the soil and in tea plant (Camellia sinensis)

Potentially toxic metal(loid) assessment of tea and tea garden soil is a vital guarantee of tea safety and is very necessary. This study analyzed the distribution of seven potentially toxic metal(loid)s in different organs of the tea plants and soil at various depths in the Yangai tea farm of Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, China. Although soil potentially toxic metal(loid) in the study area is safe, there should be attention to the health risks of Cu, Ni, As, and Pb in the later stages of tea garden management. Soil As and Pb are primarily from anthropogenic sources, soil Zn is mainly affected by natural sources and human activities, and soil with other potentially toxic metal(loid) is predominantly from natural sources. Tea plants might be the enrichment of Zn and the exclusion or tolerance of As, Cu, Ni, and Pb. The tea plant has a strong ability for absorbing Cd and preferentially storing it in its roots, stems, and mature leaves. Although the Cd and other potentially toxic metal(loid)s content of tea in Guizhou Province is generally within the range of edible safety, with the increase of tea planting years, it is essential to take corresponding measures to prevent the potential health risks of Cd and other potentially toxic metal(loid)s in tea.

Monitoring the Aging and Edible Safety of Pork in Postmortem Storage Based on HSI and Wavelet Transform.

The process of meat postmortem aging is a complex one, in which improved tenderness and aroma coincide with negative effects such as water loss and microbial growth. Determining the optimal postmortem storage time for meat is crucial but also challenging. A new visual monitoring technique based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) has been proposed to monitor pork aging progress. M. longissimus thoracis from 15 pigs were stored at 4 °C for 12 days while quality indexes and HSI spectra were measured daily. Based on changes in physical and chemical indicators, 100 out of the 180 pieces of meat were selected and classified into rigor mortis, aged, and spoilt meat. Discrete wavelet transform (DWT) technology was used to improve the accuracy of classification. DWT separated approximate and detailed signals from the spectrum, resulting in a significant increase in classification speed and precision. The support vector machine (SVM) model with 70 band spectra achieved remarkable classification accuracy of 97.06%. The study findings revealed that the aging and microbial spoilage process started at the edges of the meat, with varying rates from one pig to another. Using HSI and visualization techniques, it was possible to evaluate and portray the postmortem aging progress and edible safety of pork during storage. This technology has the potential to aid the meat industry in making informed decisions on the optimal storage and cooking times that would preserve the quality of the meat and ensure its safety for consumption.

Biogenic amines detection in meat and meat products: the mechanisms, applications, and future trends

Biogenic amine is one of the main categories of hazardous compounds in meat and meat products, making its detection methods vital for the assurance of edible safety. In this sense, many biogenic amine detection techniques such as chromatographic, electrophoretic, and electrochemical methods have been developed, which play an irreplaceable role in ensuring the safety of meat and meat products. Due to the increasing demand for fast and on-site detection techniques, visual detection methods have been gradually developed compared with non-visual methods such as chromatography and electrophoresis. Herein, we comprehensively review the mechanism and the latest progress of these biogenic amine detection methods; besides, we put forward the prospects for the future development of biogenic amine detection techniques, with a view to providing support for the establishment of more accurate and efficient detection, prevention and control strategies of biogenic amines.

Fractional extraction of lignin from coffee beans with low cytotoxicity, excellent anticancer and antioxidant activities

Lignin, a biopolymer generated from renewable resources, is widely present in terrestrial plants and possesses notable biosafety characteristics. The objective of this work was to assess the edible safety, in vitro antioxidant, and anti-cancer properties of various lignin fractions isolated from commercially available coffee beans often used for coffee preparation. The findings suggest that the phenolic hydroxyl content increased from 3.26 mmol/g (ED70L) to 5.81 mmol/g (ED0L) with decreasing molecular weight, which resulted in more significant antioxidant properties of the low molecular weight lignin fraction. The findings of the study indicate that the viability of RAW 264.7 and HaCaT cells decreased as the quantity of lignin fractions increased. It was observed that concentrations below 200 μg/mL did not exhibit any harmful effects on normal cells. The results of the study demonstrated a significant reduction of cancer cell growth (specifically A375 cells) at a concentration of 800 μg/mL for all lignin fractions, with an observed inhibition rate of 95 %. The results of this study indicate that the lignin extracts derived from coffee beans exhibit significant potential in mitigating diseases resulting from excessive radical production. Furthermore, these extracts show promise as natural antioxidants and anti-cancer agents.

Quality of cultured eels as affected by pollution sources and risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls

AbstractThe aim of this research was to determine the residues of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in cultured eel and find out the source of pollution and the distribution pattern of eels. One hundred samples of eel, 4 fodder samples, and 12 environmental samples (water, plants, and soil) were collected from 4 cities and counties in Jiangxi Province, China. The contents of 17 kinds of dioxins (PCDD/Fs) and 12 kinds of dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (dl-PCBs) were determined by high-resolution gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, and the exposure risk was evaluated by using risk index. The total toxicity equivalence quantity (TEQ) of dioxin and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in eel and fodder samples collected in the study area were 0.65 ± 0.31 pg/g and 0.10 ± 0.02 pg/g, respectively. Dl-PCBs were the main dioxin pollution in eel and fodder samples. 2,3',4,4',5-pentachlorodiphenyl and 2,3,3',4,4'-pentachlorobiphenyl were the main contributing monomers. The environmental samples were mainly polluted by polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), with the main contributing monomer being Octachlorodibenzodioxins (OCDD), while 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 2,3,4,7,8-pentachlorodibenzofuran were the main toxic compounds in eel and fodder. The dioxin pollution of eels cultured in Jiangxi Province was mainly from fodder polluted via dl-PCBs. The meat segment VI (tail) exhibited a strong enrichment effect of polychlorinated benzofurans (PCDFs). It should be the key part for dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls assessment. Further, the results were helpful to improve the edible safety of eel products and the efficiency of the risk assessment of dioxins and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls in fish. Graphical Abstract

Study on the effect of biomass charcoal-biogas application technology on soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and soil microbiological properties based on biomass charcoal-biogas application technology

Abstract The application of biogas and biomass charcoal to terrestrial crops and vegetables can promote their growth. The effects of the combined application of the two on soil carbon and nitrogen fractions and soil microbiological properties are not well-studied. Therefore, in this experiment, the red and yellow soil of Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province, was used as the research object, and two factors, biomass charcoal and biogas, were set up to investigate the soil changes under the conditions of biomass charcoal-biogas application. One-way ANOVA and correlation analysis examined the differences in soil and crop radish under biomass charcoal-biogas application technology. The experimental results showed that the 2% application of hog manure charcoal at 350°C and 100% N amount of replacement of biosolids dosing treatments were the most effective, which could increase the content of organic matter, soluble organic carbon, etc., as well as the content of nitrogen in the soil, and improve the activity of soil enzymes. The enhancement of radish yield was greater with the application of swine manure charcoal with biogas than with the single application of both, and the maximum radish yield was achieved with the 100% N amount substitution of biogas with the application of swine manure charcoal at 2%-350°C treatment. The heavy metal contents in radish were below the limit values after 9 months of application of both biogas and biomass charcoal, which did not affect the edible safety of radish.

Houttuynia cordata thunb. alleviates inflammatory bowel disease by modulating intestinal microenvironment: a research review.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex group of chronic intestinal diseases, the cause of which has not yet been clarified, but it is widely believed that the disorder of the intestinal microenvironment and its related functional changes are key factors in the development of the disease. Houttuynia cordata thunb. is a traditional plant with abundant resources and long history of utilization in China, which has attracted widespread attention in recent years due to its potential in the treatment of IBD. However, its development and utilization are limited owing to the aristolochic acid alkaloids contained in it. Therefore, based on the relationship between the intestinal microenvironment and IBD, this article summarizes the potential mechanisms by which the main active ingredients of Houttuynia cordata thunb., such as volatile oils, polysaccharides, and flavonoids, and related traditional Chinese medicine preparations, such as Xiezhuo Jiedu Formula, alleviate IBD by regulating the intestinal microenvironment. At the same time, combined with current reports, the medicinal and edible safety of Houttuynia cordata thunb. is explained for providing ideas for further research and development of Houttuynia chordate thunb. in IBD disease, more treatment options for IBD patients, and more insights into the therapeutic potential of plants with homology of medicine and food in intestinal diseases, and even more diseases.

Real-Time Monitoring of Translocation, Dissipation, and Cumulative Risk of Maleic Hydrazide in Potato Plants and Tubers by Ion Exclusion Chromatography.

In this paper, a high-performance ion exclusion chromatographic (ICE) method was developed and applied for monitoring maleic hydrazide (MH) translocation in complex potato plant tissue and tuber matrices. After middle leaf uptake, most MH was trapped and dissipated in the middle leaf, and the rest was transported to other parts mainly through the phloem. Soil absorption significantly reduced the uptake efficiency of the root system, in which MH was partitioned to dissipate in root protoplasts or transfer through the xylem and persisted in the plant. Tuber uptake enabled MH to remain in the flesh and maintain stable levels under storage conditions, but during germination, MH was translocated from the flesh to the growing buds, where it dissipated through the short-day photoperiodic regime. The results demonstrated successful application of the ICE method and provided necessary insights for real-time monitoring of MH translocation behavior to effectively improve potato edible safety.

Chitosan coating enriched with biosynthetic CuO NPs: Effects on postharvest decay and quality of mango fruit

A chitosan-based nanocomposite film (CSC) was developed by mixing chitosan (CS, 2 %, v/v) and copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs, 500 μg∙mL−1) synthesized using Alpinia officinarum extract for the safe storage of mango fruit. The effects of CuO NPs on the morphological, mechanical, thermal, physical and antifungal properties of the CS films and postharvest quality of mango fruit were determined. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis confirmed that CuO NPs were uniformly dispersed into the CS matrix. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) profiles showed that intermolecular H-bondings occurred between CS and CuO NPs, accompanied by decreased crystallinity and increased amorphous structure. In comparison to the pure CS film, addition of CuO NPs obviously improved the morphological, mechanical, thermal, physical and antifungal properties of CSC film. CSC coating treatment obviously delayed the fruit decay and yellowing, as well as reduced losses of weight and firmness of mango (Mangifera indica L.) fruit during the storage, when compared with the control and CS coating treatment. Meanwhile, it significantly decreased the respiration rate and ethylene generation and maintained high level of ascorbic acid (AsA), titratable acid (TA) and soluble sugar content (SSC) of the fruit during the storage. Notably, Cu presented in the CSC film was restrained to the peel, indicating that the CSC coated mango fruit had good edible safety. Principal component analysis (PCA) confirmed that CSC coating played a positive role in mango preservation. Therefore, CSC coating can be considered a potential application for successfully controlling of postharvest disease and prolonging the shelf life for mango fruit.

Effects of Aspergillus niger Infection on the Quality of Jujube and Ochratoxin A Cumulative Effect.

The jujube is one of the most popular fruits in China because of its delicious taste and high nutritional value. It has a long history of usage as an important food or traditional medicine. However, the jujube is easily infected by fungi, which causes economic losses and threatens human health. When the jujube was infected by Aspergillus niger (H1), the changes in nutritional qualities were determined, such as the content of total acid, vitamin C, reducing sugar, etc. In addition, the ability of A. niger (H1) to produce ochratoxin A (OTA) in different inoculation times and culture media was evaluated, and the content of OTA in jujubes was also analyzed. After jujubes were infected by A. niger (H1), the total acid, and vitamin C contents increased, while the total phenol content decreased, and the reducing sugar content increased after an initial decrease. Although A. niger (H1) infection caused the jujubes to rot and affected its quality, OTA had not been detected. This research provides a theoretical foundation for maximizing edible safety and evaluating the losses caused by fungal disease in jujubes.

Development and application of a rapid screening and quantification method for multi-class herbicide residues in fishery products using UPLC-Q-Tof-MS/MS: Evidence for prometryn residues in shellfish

Quality and safety issues arising from herbicide residues in fishery products are a growing concern. In order to ensure the edible safety of fishery products, a comprehensive assessment of multi-class herbicide residues should be conducted. Hence a modified QuEChERS approach was explored and validated using UPLC-Q-Tof-MS/MS for rapid screening and quantification of 158 herbicide residues in fishery products. An efficient lipid-removing sorbent, EMR-Lipid, was employed instead of the conventional QuEChERS dispersive sorbents like PSA or C18. The method performed well in assessments of linearity, sensitivity, recovery and reproducibility with correlation coefficients over 0.992, LODs below 3.0 μg kg−1 for most analytes (98.7%), recoveries ranging from 61.2-128.4% and RSDs less than 20%. Moreover, the technique was applied to determine the fragment ions of 158 herbicides as fingerprints for accurate identification. And then the fragmentation pathways of eight categories of herbicides were deduced from the interpretation of fragment ion structures as a means of quickly distinguishing between herbicide classes in the absence of standards. The methodology was successfully applied to analyze 95 crustacean and shellfish samples from Hubei, Hunan and Zhejiang provinces of China. Only shellfish samples such as green clams and razor clams were screened for residues of the triazine herbicide prometryn. Based on the results, the potential risk of prometryn in shellfish should be paid much more attention.

Selenium Reduces Rice Plant Tissues Cadmium and Increases the Yield, Quality, and Edible Safety of Rice Grain, and May Affect the Taste of Cooked Rice

Selenium Reduces Rice Plant Tissues Cadmium and Increases the Yield, Quality, and Edible Safety of Rice Grain, and May Affect the Taste of Cooked Rice

Food protein glycation: A review focusing on stability and in vitro digestive characteristics of oil/water emulsions.

Recently, increasing studies have shown that the functional properties of proteins, including emulsifying properties, antioxidant properties, solubility, and thermal stability, can be improved through glycation reaction under controlled reaction conditions. The use of glycated proteins to stabilize hydrophobic active substances and to explore the gastrointestinal fate of the stabilized hydrophobic substances has also become the hot spot. Therefore, in this review, the effects of glycation on the structure and function of food proteins and the physical stability and oxidative stability of protein-stabilized oil/water emulsions were comprehensively summarized and discussed. Also, this review sheds lights on the in vitro digestion characteristics and edible safety of emulsion stabilized by glycated protein. It can further serve as a research basis for understanding the role of structural features in the emulsification and stabilization of glycated proteins, as well as their utilization as emulsifiers in the food industry.