Ectopic Breast Research Articles

Bilateral axillary accessory breast with ductal ectasia: Ultrasonography and elastographic appearance

Ectopic breast tissue can present in any part of the body except normal breast region. Ectasia of the breast is a condition where the lactiferous ducts are dilated and blocked by secretions. Both accessory breast tissue and duct ectasia are common entities presenting separately, but the coexistence is rare with a normal breast finding. Here, we report a case of a 28-year-old lactating female presented with firm bilateral painful axillary lump of 6-month duration. This case is reported for its rarity and to give an overview of simultaneous coexistence of bilateral axillary accessory breast with duct ectasia, in a lactating normal breast.

Giant Axillary Fibroadenoma: A Rare Case Report

Axillary ectopic breast tissue occurs commonly in women The fibroadenoma is commonest benign tumour of the normal female breast But fibroadenoma occurring in axillary ectopic breast tissue is of rare occurrence The giant fibroadenoma are very rare in axillary ectopic breast tissue This case is being reported having a giant fibroadenoma of x cm in right axilla in years female The clinical history did not give any clue to presence of ectopic breast tissue in axilla Excision biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of fibroadenoma This case is being reported as giant fibroadenoma of such a large size occurring in axilla for its rarity nbsp

Primary ectopic breast cancer of the vulva, treated with local excision of the vulva and sentinel lymph node biopsy: a case report

Primary breast cancer fairly infrequently occurs in ectopic breast tissue, and primary ectopic breast cancer of the vulva is particularly rare. Only 26 cases have been published in the English-language literature, and there has been no report of primary breast carcinoma of the vulva in Japan. We report a rare case of primary ectopic breast cancer of the vulva that was treated with local excision of the vulva and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). The patient was a 72-year-old woman who had noticed a right vulvar tumor 10 years earlier. The tumor was excised by the Department of Plastic Surgery of our hospital. The histology of the vulvar tumor revealed an invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast, and immunohistochemical staining of the vulvar specimen showed the tumor cells to be 100% estrogen-receptor-positive and 100% progesterone-receptor-positive. All margins of resection were positive for neoplastic involvement. An additional local excision of the vulva and right inguinal SLNB were performed in our department. The intraoperative frozen section was negative for metastasis, and lymph node dissection was not performed. The final pathology was negative for residual disease, and a partially normal ductal component was present. Adjuvant hormonal therapy with an aromatase inhibitor was indicated post-operatively. The patient was asymptomatic and free of detectable disease at a 6-month follow-up. Due to the rarity of this diagnosis, there are no established guidelines for treatment. Although cases in which SLNB was performed are rare, we consider SLNB to be an effective alternative to inguinal node dissection for ectopic primary breast cancer of the vulva.

Phyllodes tumors are an uncommon differential diagnosis of axillary mass

Phyllodes tumors are rare fibroepithelial neoplasm that account for less than 0.5% of all breast tumors and presentation in ectopic breast tissue is even rarer. In this paper, we describe a case of a phyllodes tumor in the ectopic breast tissue of the axilla. A 40-year-old woman presented with a well-circumscribed, firm, and freely mobile mass in the left axilla from 1 year ago. Ultrasound revealed a 5.5 × 4.5 × 4.5 cm homogenous and hypoecho lesion. The histopathologic analysis revealed that it was a benign phyllodes tumor. Phyllodes tumors in ectopic breast tissue may be confirmed to be a diagnostic difficulty, and this concept must be kept in mind while dealing with an axillary mass.

Fibroadenoma of ectopic breast tissue of the axilla in an adolescent girl

Ectopic breast tissue (EBT) is a well-described entity in the English literature. However, fibroadenoma of the ectopic breast is a rare entity. We present a case of a 13-year-old adolescent girl with a subcutaneous mass in the right axilla that was pathologically identical to fibroadenoma seen in the EBT. To our knowledge, this is the second youngest patient reported with axillary EBT, which should be considered as a part of the differential diagnosis for axillary masses. Keywords : adolescent, axilla, ectopic breast tissue, fibroadenoma, mass Departments of aPediatric Surgery, bPathology, Sami Ulus Maternity and Children’s Hospital and cDepartment of Reproductive Endocrinology, Zubeyde Hanim Women Health Hospital, Ankara, Turkey

Adenocarcinoma of the Vulva Arising in Ectopic Breast Tissue: A Case Series and Literature Review

Abstract Background: Embryonic mammary tissue may fail to regress, resulting in ectopic breast tissue in areas outside the breasts, including within the vulva. In exceedingly few instances, this tissue may undergo malignant transformation. Cases: Three cases of vulvar adenocarcinoma arising in ectopic breast tissue are presented. Tissue biopsy confirmed the diagnosis. Surgical resection was performed for these patients. Adjuvant therapy was individually tailored to the metastatic spread and receptor positivity of the tumors, including chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and hormonal therapy. Results: Radiation therapy was tolerated well by these patients, without undue side-effects. All three patients are alive and well 3 and 4 years post treatment. Conclusions: Treating patients with this vulvar malignancy with the established guidelines for breast carcinoma appears to be a rational approach with successful outcomes as occurred in the 3 patients presented in this report. (J GYNECOL SURG 33:22)

Invasive Micropapillary Carcinoma in Axillary Ectopic Breast and Synchronous Ductal Carcinoma In Situ in the Contralateral Breast

The development of ectopic breast tissue is attributable to the failure of primitive mammary tissue to regress after the development of the mammary ridge, except at pectoral breast sites, and is most often evident in the axillae. Several benign and malignant breast diseases have been reported in ectopic axillary breast tissues. The most common cancerous pathology of ectopic breast tissue is invasive ductal carcinoma. Ectopic breast cancer presenting with simultaneous primary cancer of the pectoral breast is extremely rare. Herein, we report an invasive micropapillary carcinoma of an axillary ectopic breast, combined with a synchronous ductal carcinoma in situ in the contralateral pectoral breast of a 61-year-old woman.

Secretory Carcinoma of the Skin Harboring ETV6 Gene Fusions: A Cutaneous Analogue to Secretory Carcinomas of the Breast and Salivary Glands.

Mammary analogue secretory carcinoma is a low-grade salivary gland carcinoma that exhibits analogous features to secretory carcinoma of the breast including the presence of a t(12;15) translocation resulting in the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. Rare cases of purported secretory carcinoma of the skin adnexa have been reported, but their relationship to true secretory carcinoma of the breast and salivary glands is unclear, as they generally do not harbor ETV6 rearrangements. Cases of cutaneous neoplasms with histologic features identical to secretory carcinoma of the breast and salivary glands were identified from the consultation files of 3 academic medical institutions. Immunohistochemistry was performed for S100 protein, mammaglobin and STAT5a. Break-apart fluorescence in situ hybridization was used evaluate for disruption of the ETV6 gene. Six cases of cutaneous secretory carcinoma were identified. The tumors arose in 4 women and 2 men, ranging from 24 to 71 years in age (mean, 47 y). The carcinomas presented in the skin of the axilla (n=4), ventral neck (n=1), and cheek (n=1). The tumors arose in the superficial dermis in association with adnexal structures. None of the patients had a prior or concurrent breast or salivary gland tumor. They were histologically characterized by well-circumscribed but unencapsulated proliferations of bland, eosinophilic cells arranged in microcysts and follicles with intraluminal secretions. Ectopic breast or salivary gland tissue was not identified. The cases were diffusely positive for S100 protein (6 of 6), mammaglobin (6 of 6), and STAT5a (5 of 5). All 6 cases harbored rearrangements of ETV6. All tumors were treated by simple excision alone. No recurrences or metastases developed in the 2 cases with follow-up. Secretory carcinoma of the skin represents a phenotypic, immunohistochemical, and genetic counterpart to secretory carcinoma of the breast and salivary glands. This tumor entity is less anatomically restricted than previously supposed.

Diagnostic dilemma of ectopic breast in axillary region among the patients attending tertiary care hospital in rural India

Background and objectives: Breast developmental anomalies are common. Normally there are two breasts with nipple and areola. When it is more than two breasts, it is called Polymastia. It can also be known as ectopic or accessory breast. Diagnosis is must because it shows same disease conditions which are seen in normally occurring breast tissue. The aim of present study was to know the clinical characters, symptoms and microscopic pathological, physiological changes seen with patients diagnosed with axillary accessory breast tissue.Materials and Method: Present study was conducted in tertiary care hospital in cytology and Histopathological section of Pathology in the period from January 2013 to December 2015 on axillary swelling. FNAC & histopathology were diagnostic tool.Result: The minimum age of patients with accessory breast was 10 years and maximum was 35 years, maximum number of patients; 12 (54.54%) belonging to 21 to 30 years age group. Common clinical complaint was swelling axillary region (100%). Among these patients, 21 (95.45 %) were female only one (4.54%) patient was male. Bilateral swelling was found in eight (36.36 %) cases. Clinically lipoma was most common provisional diagnosis in eight (36.36%) patients.Conclusion: Ectopic breast tissue usually presents with axillary swelling. In axillary swelling along with lipoma, lymphadenopathy, neurofibroma, sabeceous cyst accessory breast as a diagnosis should be kept in mind. Every Axillary swelling must be examined because it can be accessory breast tissue. JCMS Nepal. 2016;12(2):74-7

Prevalence of Ectopic Breast Tissue and Tumor: A 20-Year Single Center Experience

BackgroundEctopic breast tissue, which includes both supernumerary breast and aberrant breast tissue, is the most common congenital breast abnormality. Ectopic breast cancers are rare neoplasms that occur in 0.3% to 0.6% of all cases of breast cancer. Patients and MethodsWe retrospectively report, using a large series of breast abnormalities diagnosed and treated, our clinical experience on the management of the ectopic breast cancer. In 2 decades, we observed 327 (2.7%) patients with ectopic breast tissue out of a total of 12,177 subjects undergoing a breast visit for lesions. All patients were classified into 8 classes, according to the classification of Kajava, and assessed by a physician examination, ultrasounds, and, when appropriate, further studies with fine needle aspiration cytology and mammography. All specimens were submitted to the anatomo-pathologist. The most frequent benign histological diagnosis was fibrocystic disease. A rare granulosa cell tumor was also found in the right anterior thoracic wall of 1 patient. Four malignancies were also diagnosed in 4 women: an infiltrating lobular cancer in 1 patient with a lesion classified as class I, and an infiltrating apocrine carcinoma, an infiltrating ductal cancer, and an infiltrating ductal cancer with tubular pattern, occurring in 3 patients with lesions classified as class IV. Only 1 recurrence was observed. We recommend an earlier surgical approach for patients with lesions from class I to IV.

Supernumerary Breast on the Back: a Case Report.

Supernumerary breast is an uncommon disease seen in Asian population at an incidence of 2-6% of general population. The pathology despite being present since birth remains asymptomatic till hormonal stimulation viz. puberty, pregnancy, and lactation. The management for such benign ectopic breast tissue is excision. However, one should always rule out malignancy in such lumps.

A Nonpalpable Nodule in Ectopic Axillary Breast Tissue: Consider Phyllodes Tumor

Benign and malignant pathology can develop in ectopic axillary breast tissue, such as fibroadenomas, phyllodes tumors, and breast cancer. We present a rare case of an asymptomatic 43-year-old woman with an axillary nodule which was identified during screening mammography within ectopic axillary breast tissue, initially considered as a suspicious lymph node. Radiologic studies were considered as Breast Imaging-Reporting Data System (BI-RADS) 4. A hyperdense, lobular, and well-circumscribed nodule was identified in mammogram while the nodule by ultrasound (US) was hypoechoic with indistinct microlobular margins, without vascularity by Doppler, and measuring 1.26 × 1 cm. Core-needle biopsy reported a fibroepithelial neoplasm. The patient was submitted to local wide-needle excision located in intraoperative radiography of the surgical specimen and margin evaluation. Final histopathological study reported a 1.8 × 1.2 cm benign phyllodes tumor, with irregular, pushing, and clear wide margins within normal ectopic breast tissue. The patient without surgical complications continued annual screening without recurrence during a follow-up that took place 24 months later.

Axillary Masse, is it an Ectopic Mammary Gland?

Ectopic breast tissue or super numerary mammary gland is a congenital condition characterized by the development of mammary tissue along the embryonic milk line. This condition Occurs in 0.4-6% of the general population. The most common site of development of super numerary mammary gland is the axillar region. Axillary ectopic breast tissue may provide a diagnostic challenge, as other benign and malignant lesions occur in this area. We report a case of 18 years-old girl presenting an axillary masse considered firstly as an ectopic mammary gland. Ultrasound aspect and axillary MRI correct the diagnosis and lead to provide specific management of this tumor.

Primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of axillary ectopic breast tissue: Case report of a rare entity

Ectopic breast tissue, a developmental anomaly, is a rare occurrence. Isolated pathologies in ectopic breast tissue with normal breast architecture are even rarer. Cases with primary invasive ductal carcinoma, invasive lobular carcinoma, secretory carcinoma, and mucinous carcinoma have been reported in ectopic breast tissue. We report a case of primary adenoid cystic carcinoma of axillary ectopic breast tissue, which to our belief has never been reported earlier.

A Benign Phyllodes Tumor in the Ectopic Breast Tissue of the Axilla: A Case Report

A phyllodes tumor of the breast is a rare fibroepithelial tumor, accounting for 0.3% to 0.5% of all breast tumors. The clinical presentation of this tumor is unilateral, and the behavior and management of this tumor are unclear. In addition, only a few reports of ectopic phyllodes tumors are currently available in the literature. We report a 29-year-old woman with a palpable mass in the right axilla. She was diagnosed as having either fibroadenomatoid changes or a benign phyllodes tumor according to the results of a core needle biopsy. Wide local excision of the mass was performed with a 1 cm surgical border. The results of the examination of the excisional biopsy specimens led to the diagnosis of a benign phyllodes tumor. Thus, we encountered an uncommon case of a phyllodes tumor located in the ectopic breast tissue of the axilla. Keywords: Axilla; Breast; Phyllodes tumor

Ectopic Breast Tissue With Lactational Changes Presenting as Perianal Mass: A Case Report

Supernumerary breasts or nipples, polymastia and polythelia, respectively, occur in 1%-2% of the population and may arise anywhere along the milk lines from axilla to perineum. The most common ectopic sites are axilla and vulva. Perianal ectopic breast tissue is an exceedingly rare condition, with few cases published in the literature. The clinical presentation and location …

A rare presentation of an ectopic breast tissue in axilla

A rare presentation of an ectopic breast tissue in axilla

Cushing's storm secondary to a rare case of ectopic ACTH secreting metastatic breast cancer.

SummaryEctopic ACTH secretion from breast cancer is extremely rare. We report a case of a 30-year-old woman with a history of breast cancer, who presented with psychosis and paranoid behaviour. CT of the head showed white matter disease consistent with posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES). Despite using mifepristone with multiple antihypertensives including lisinopril, spironolactone and metoprolol, she was hypertensive. Transaminitis did not allow mifepristone dose escalation and ketoconazole utilization. Etomidate infusion at a non-sedating dose in the intensive care unit controlled her hypertension and cortisol levels. She was transitioned to metyrapone and spironolactone. She was discharged from the hospital on metyrapone with spironolactone and underwent chemotherapy. She died 9 months later after she rapidly redeveloped Cushing's syndrome and had progressive metastatic breast cancer involving multiple bones, liver and lungs causing respiratory failure.Learning points Cushing's syndrome from ectopic ACTH secreting breast cancer is extremely rare.Cushing's syndrome causing psychosis could be multifactorial including hypercortisolism and PRES.Etomidate at non-sedating doses in intensive care setting can be effective to reduce cortisol production followed by transition to oral metyrapone.

A prospective comparison of molecular assay and touch imprint cytology for intraoperative evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes.

Accurate intraoperative diagnosis of sentinel lymph node (SLN) metastases enables the selection of patients for axillary lymph node dissections during the same operation, reducing the need for a second operation. The present study aimed to prospectively compare the GeneSearch(TM) Breast Lymph Node (BLN) Assay with touch imprint cytology (TIC) for intraoperative evaluation of SLNs. SLNs were sectioned in 1.5 - 3.0 mm pieces. TIC was performed on all pieces and the BLN Assay and postoperative histology evaluations were performed on different alternating node pieces. Overall performance of the BLN Assay was compared with that of TIC relative to the postoperative histology results. A total of 90 patients enrolled in the study. Complete intraoperative data for both the BLN Assay and TIC were collected in 86 patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and overall accuracy of the BLN Assay were 82%, 97%, and 92%, respectively on a per patient basis compared with those of TIC which were 67%, 100%, and 90%. Performance of the BLN Assay was superior to that of TIC and the additional application of TIC did not help improve the total sensitivity and accuracy of the intraoperative assessment. The existence of ectopic breast tissue might be a possible cause of false positive for the BLN assay. In addition, the BLN Assay complements histopathology assessment and can minimize sampling error without increasing pathologists' workload.

Varied presentations of ectopic breast - polymastia, fibroadenoma, and carcinoma arising from ectopic breast tissue

Ectopic breast is a congenital anomaly of the breast which can have varied presentations because of its different sites and pathologies arising from it. Lesions of ectopic breast tissue (EBT) are commonly seen due to persistence of embryonic remnants along the milk line. They have also been reported from other sites like face, vulva, and perineum. They are prone to the same physiological and pathological alterations seen in the normal breast. Only 0.3% of breast carcinomas arise in the ectopic breast, whereas only a few cases of fibroadenoma have been reported at this site. We present a case of polymastia in a 21-year-old female in the inframammary region. We report two cases of fibroadenoma and carcinoma arising from EBT in the axilla of a 26 and 45-year females. Fibroadenoma was treated by simple excision while for carcinoma modified radical mastectomy was done followed by radiation and chemotherapy. Patient developed metastasis in the sternum. Carcinoma arising from EBT has a poorer prognosis and needs early diagnosis and treatment.