Ecosystem Resources Research Articles

Assessment of rate and drivers of deforestation and forest degradation in the lower-tropical region: a case of Punarbas Municipality, Nepal

Deforestation and forest degradation (D and D), the most imminent threats to the survival of species and the viability of forests as a whole, is crucial to research its rate, as well as the underlying causes. The present study examined the rate and drivers that contribute to D and D in the Punarbas municipality of Kanchanpur district, Nepal. With the help of ArcGIS 10.8, an overall pattern and rate of D and D in the study area was identified using Land Satellite images from two different years (2000 AD and 2019 AD). 11 focus group discussions and 120 household surveys were carried out to collect data on key drivers of D and D. For data collection, stratified random sampling with a sampling intensity of 1% was used, and the Friedman test was applied for one-way repeated measures analysis of drivers by ranks. The study found that the annual rate of D and D of the study area from 2000 to 2019 AD was 0.63% and the major drivers were infrastructure development followed by illegal logging, agricultural expansion, livestock grazing forest fire, fuelwood collection, settlement/ resettlement, alien invasive species, and flood and landslide. Awareness programs are highly suggested to uplift the understanding level of local people, so they can act for themselves in the conservation of their local forest and ecosystem resources.

Oyster reef restoration facilitates the recovery of macroinvertebrate abundance, diversity, and composition in estuarine communities

Historic declines in oyster populations have resulted in diminished production of ecosystem services and habitat function in many estuaries. Due to the important role of oysters in ecosystem function, scientists and resource managers have employed oyster reef restoration to mitigate declines, recover essential ecosystem services, and better habitat function. Yet, there are knowledge gaps regarding the impact of restoration efforts on ecologically valuable mid-trophic level organisms inhabiting these systems. To address this knowledge gap, here we quantify macroinvertebrate species abundance, community diversity, and composition on experimental restored oyster reefs before and after restoration, and from live (positive control) and dead (negative control) reefs in the Indian River Lagoon, Florida. Species diversity and composition on restored reefs shifted towards states similar to live (positive control) reefs within 12 months of restoration. Recovery of species abundance occurred within 18 months of restoration. The results presented herein quantify the effect of restoration on resident macroinvertebrates and provide timelines of recovery for each attribute of these communities. Further, this study presents an actionable and transferable framework for identifying effective single-species metrics of restoration success across ecosystems. The application of this framework will provide managers and researchers with tools to improve the efficiency and efficacy of post-restoration monitoring. By doing so, this study contributes significantly to the improvement of broader restoration practices in an era of unprecedented habitat loss.

Development of Adaptive Time-Weighted Dynamic Time Warping for Time Series Vegetation Classification Using Satellite Images in Solapur District

Abstract The global seasonal change and continued rapid growth have maximized the need to assess the urban dwellers’ depend on vegetation for their lives, and also in the urban ecosystem resources. The conventional outcomes devoted to cropland mapping, with the help of high-quality remote sensing data’s. This paper is to investigate and develop a new methodology that pertains to time series analysis for classifying the type of vegetation in a farm area of Ujani Dam located in Solapur District, Maharastra. The proposed model develops a novel adaptive time-weighted dynamic time warping (ATWDTW) for the time series analysis using the satellite images. The gathered satellite images from the farm are processed initially and subjected to analysis by ATWDTW. The TWDTW concept is optimally tuned by the new hybrid meta-heuristic algorithm termed moth flame-based bird swarm optimization (MF-BSA) for enhancing the classification performance. Regarding the false omission rate of the proposed MF-BSA-ATWDTW model attains 5.56% and 29.9% lower than SVM and K-means respectively. From the analysis, it is possible to get a deep insight into the vegetation to be done in each year, and the comparative analysis proves that the proposed model is further adaptable for experimental use in relating and explaining environmental and ecological time-series information.

Opportunities and Challenges for Establishing a Resource Nexus Community of Science and Practice

The American Chemical Society’s Division of Environmental Chemistry symposium Toward Creating a Water-Energy-Food (WEF) Nexus Community of Practice, brought together 25 cross-disciplinary speakers in five thematic areas: 1) state of the art models and approaches, 2) WEF Nexus initiatives and case studies, 3) WEF governance and stakeholder engagement, 4) chemical processes and WEF Nexus, 5) WEF education, community, and practice. Discussions included diverse perspectives from different areas of expertise and provided key take-home messages toward building a WEF community of practice. This paper summarizes those messages, drawing conclusions regarding the anticipated challenges and opportunities moving toward establishing a resource-nexus community of science and practice that includes the chemical societies. We define the community of science and practice as a bottom-up approach of formal and non-formal scientists, policy makers, practitioners, technology providers, and civil society members concerned with any aspect of water, energy, food, ecosystem resources allocation, management, governance, and financing. The roles of chemistry and chemical processes in understanding the interlinkages of nexus systems must not be overlooked. Chemistry plays an important role in the circularity of the food and agriculture system, and in providing cleaner energy, cleaner water, and more sustainable food production. The question is how to better engage the chemical society in the WEF nexus moving forward? The paper proposes the resource of health, highlighting major challenges and opportunities in the Water-Energy-Food-Health-Ecosystems (WEFH) Nexus, and highlights future steps for fostering dialogue among this broad, multidisciplinary, multi-stakeholder community toward establishing an inclusive community of science and practice.

Orchestrating ecosystem resources in a different country: Understanding the integrative capabilities of sharing economy platform multinational corporations

This paper investigates how sharing economy platform multinational corporations (SEP-MNCs) orchestrate ecosystem resources to drive sustainable growth in a different country, through a dynamic capability perspective. Based on a multiple-case design, we offer a process perspective that identifies three sets of distinct integrative capabilities that come to the fore at different stages of the SEP-MNC's ecosystem development in a different country. By arguing that dynamic capabilities need to be co-created, we posit that, ultimately, the platform ecosystem value creation requires collective engagements of both internal and external resources of the platform ecosystem in building and preserving the collaborative action that amplified their individual resources to identify new and novel opportunities. We therefore re-conceptualizing dynamic capabilities of SEP-MNCs resides at the ecosystem level where the capabilities become an emergent and highly integrated property, with recurrent patterns that only become apparent from continuous interactions with their ecosystem partners. We also contribute to the IB literature by offering a holistic view that infuses dynamic capabilities with the themes of interdependence, sub-national network coordination, and data intelligence; themes that are yet to be fully incorporated into IB scholarship.

Enhancing Regional Tourism Development in the Protected Areas Using the Total Economic Value Approach

This research aims to boost tourism development in natural protected areas through the classification of the tourism hiking trails based on biodiversity ecosystem services values. The Total Economic Value (TEV) approach was used as the main research method to estimate the monetary value of the various ecosystem resources in Abu Qubies Syrian protected area. Five main tourism hiking trails in Abu Qubies were identified in order to be classified based on the economic value of their ecosystem resources. The study findings highlighted the importance of protected areas in enhancing tourism activities, especially natural-based ones. Additionally, this research identified the most economically valuable tourism hiking trails in the reserve, thus providing a supporting tool for decision-makers regarding tourism development in protected areas. This study presents the importance of the conservation perspective of natural resources in protected areas without ignoring their physical monetary value that can help governments in boosting local communities as well as the national, regional and local economies.

Spatiotemporal soil water storage variation comparison between newly formed and untreated gully land sites under a land restoration project and associated implications on land management

Soil water storage (SWS) can effectively be used as an important indicator to manage soil water resources in water-limited ecosystems, being strongly linked to land-use and land management changes. The Government of China launched the Gully Land Consolidation (GLC) project in 2011 to reclaim landforms and resolve land scarcity and food shortages in the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) without endangering the environment. Corollary effects of this project were alterations to original landscapes and associated hydrological processes. However, temporal dynamics in available soil water of the newly formed land for cultivation purposes remain unclear. Accordingly, this study measured SWS to a 5 m soil depth over a 5-year period at two gully sites, one newly formed under the GLC project (i.e., the experimental site) and the other left untreated (i.e., the control). SWS exhibited similarly weak temporal variation at both gully sites (coefficient of variation [CV] = 6% at the experimental site; CV = 11% at the control site). Although SWS always negatively correlated to mean temperature and wind speed (p < 0.05) with no observable hysteresis, SWS responded to precipitation at both sites with obvious hysteresis (experimental site = two month hysteresis; control site = three months hysteresis). Seasonal SWS characteristics confirmed the lag response to precipitation. Moreover, spatial SWS patterns differed distinctly at both sites. The mean proportion of available SWS to the available water holding capacity was 69% at the experimental site, indicating that stored soil water was available for crop cultivation without the threat of water shortages. Our results provide new insight into spatial and temporal SWS variation in newly formed land engineered by restoration projects. Furthermore, clarifying SWS temporal dynamics and spatial distributions based on long-term monitoring is essential to evaluate, model, and manage water resources in areas affected by anthropic activities.

How do keystones govern their business ecosystems through resource orchestration?

PurposeSharing resources with stakeholders is the key for keystones to govern business ecosystems successfully. However, existing research has not paid further attention to how keystones share resources under the condition of resource sufficiency and how keystones balance resource sharing with complementors when they lack resources. Therefore, this paper aims to explore how keystones govern their business ecosystems under the conditions of resource sufficiency and resource insufficiency.Design/methodology/approachThis paper adopts the single case study method. First, by adopting Gioia coding to analyze the relevant data of the case sample, this paper obtains the key concepts of the business ecosystem governance process. Then, it establishes the relationship between the concepts by analyzing the governance process of the case sample.FindingsUnder the condition of resource sufficiency, keystones under the condition of resource sufficiency, should make full use of resources to incubate more complementors, and further integrate the resources of the business ecosystem, to create more value for their business ecosystems. Under the condition of resource insufficiency, keystones should break the boundaries of business ecosystems and acquire external resources, to meet the resource needs of complementors. Subsequently, keystones should redeploy idle resources according to the actual needs of complementors, to meet the changing resource needs of complementors.Originality/valueThis study subdivides business ecosystem governance conditions and further constructs the business ecosystem governance process model, which provides a theoretical and practical reference for business ecosystem governance.

Engaging Users in Resource Ecosystem Building for Local Heritage-Led Knowledge

The aim of this paper is to form an analytical and critical framework to consider the uses of digital platforms in heritage field and practices and to provide methodologies for user profiling based on the identification of local stakeholders and their needs. Within the context of the EU H2020 research project RURITAGE, a resource ecosystem (RRE) of various integrated tools was created for shaping and addressing heritage-led knowledge and bottom-up strategies of local regeneration. More specifically, the RRE was conceived to provide local stakeholders with new methodologies and user-friendly tools based on bottom-up processes for identifying and actioning heritage and territorial features and turning these cultural natural values—as well as the gaps—into opportunities. This paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the integration of tools in other digital platforms for heritage practices and/or regeneration processes to explore the holistic approach to heritage knowledge and the effectiveness in engaging local stakeholders. In addition, it frames methodologies for local stakeholder and related needs identification. Through this comparative analysis among digital heritage platforms and through user profiling to target the needs of users by using the RRE as a case study, the paper explores the challenge of helping communities to shape a local heritage-led collaborative knowledge supported by integrated and user-friendly digital tools and to activate them in preserving and exploiting their territories and building shared and plural cultural heritage understandings, considering cultural heritage as a social need.

Contribution of marine zooplankton time series to the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development

Abstract Zooplankton play a central role in marine trophic webs, influencing both biogeochemistry and productivity of the oceans. Changes in their communities are important indicators of overall ecosystem health and global change impacts. With increasing exploitation and pressures on the marine environment, there is a growing need for high-resolution monitoring of marine zooplankton to provide detailed information about seasonal to decadal changes at local, regional, and global scales. This crucial knowledge is gathered mainly through long-term time series, which are key to characterizing and forecasting changes in marine zooplankton assemblages. In this Introduction, and through the articles included in this Themed Article Set, we bring together new insights, issuing from data time series, into zooplankton population dynamics. We also take up the application of such time series to the understanding of global change impacts on marine ecosystems and in providing advice on sustainable management of marine ecosystem resources and services. We highlight the importance of maintaining and supporting long-term marine zooplankton time series as key contributors to the development and advancement of the United Nations’ Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Goal 13-Climate action and Goal 14-Life below water.

Variability in evapotranspiration shifts from meteorological to biological control under wet versus drought conditions in an alpine meadow

Abstract The Tibetan Plateau is generally referred to as the Chinese water tower, and evapotranspiration (ET) affects the water budget and stability of alpine meadows on the Tibetan Plateau. However, its variability and controlling mechanisms have not been well documented under the drier conditions induced by global warming. Therefore, this study aimed to clarify whether meteorological or biological factors primarily affected the variability in ET under contrasting water conditions in the alpine meadow ecosystem on the Tibetan Plateau. Based on 6-year (2013–2018) eddy covariance observations and the corresponding meteorological and biological data, linear perturbation analyses were employed to isolate the contributions of meteorological and biological factors to the variability in evapotranspiration (δET). The results showed that δET was mainly driven by meteorological factors in wet peak seasons (July and August), and was dominated by net radiation (Rn) and air temperature (Ta), indicating that the inadequate available energy is the factor limiting ET. However, the dominant factors affecting δET shifted from meteorological to biological in dry peak seasons when the canopy stomatal conductance (gs) and leaf area index were dominant. At this point, the ecosystem was limited by the water conditions. These results provide empirical insights into how meteorological and biological factors regulate variability in ET under contrasting water conditions. These findings can further improve our understanding of water cycle processes and can help effectively manage water resources in alpine meadow ecosystems under future climate change conditions.

Identifying management‐driven dynamics in vegetation cover: Applying the Compere framework to Cooper Creek, Australia

AbstractThe observed spatial and temporal dynamics in landscape and ecosystem resources are the net effects of natural processes and management activities. Monitoring the impact that humans have on these resources requires that these two sources of variability be partitioned, removing the natural variability to reveal variability due to management activities. Here, we present Compere, a relative benchmarking framework for monitoring the management‐driven impacts on ecosystem resources. The framework identifies locations in a region that share similar biophysical properties to a target location. Taking an attribute of interest, it then compares the value of the target location with those of all its biophysically equivalent locations, with any differences being attributed to variations in management. We provide an example application of Compere, using satellite‐derived vegetation cover data to examine the impact of hydrocarbon extraction activities on land condition (as described by vegetation cover) across the 490,000‐km2 Cooper Creek region in arid central Australia. Validation was performed by comparing land condition estimates to known disturbance patterns across the region. We found that the establishment of well sites was associated with between 12% and 41% decreases in land condition but that condition recovered to original levels by 6 years after establishment. We also found that fires had much larger and longer lasting effects on land condition across these landscapes, indicating that mining‐related activities that change fire patterns are likely to affect land condition most. Compere is a generic, flexible framework, providing a new capability for monitoring management impacts on multiple types of ecosystem resources.

Essential oil content of Rhododendron tomentosum responds strongly to manipulation of ecosystem resources in Arctic Alaska

The essential oils of the widely distributed boreal/Arctic dwarf shrub, Rhododendron tomentosum ssp. subarcticum (Harmaja) G.D. Wallace, have important ecological, cultural, medicinal, and commercial roles. To understand the relationship between resource limitation and essential oil content of this species we measured the amount and diversity of terpenes from shoots of plants exposed to a 14-year ecosystem resource manipulation experiment in Arctic Alaska. Treatments tested interactive effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) addition, warming and N + P fertilization, and shading and N + P fertilization. The controls and NP fertilization had the highest essential oil content, whereas shading and P addition had less than 20% of the control content. Warming reduced essential oil content to &lt;65% of that of the controls. Essential oil components varied greatly among the treatments, with significant differences in the expression of specific essential oil components. Large changes in plant community composition and ecosystem structure in response to treatments likely played a large role in the response of R. tomentosum. Our data suggest that resource changes in response to climate warming and its secondary effects on light and nutrient availability have the potential to change the profiles of essential oils in R. tomentosum, with important ecological and cultural impacts.

Financial Entrepreneurial Ecosystems: An Analysis of Urban and Rural Regions of Norway

Based on the entrepreneurial ecosystem (EE) perspective, this paper examines the role of finance and interrelated value-adding activities in ecosystems. The study employs a multiple-case design and interviews with 11 rural and urban innovative start-ups and stakeholders in the Norwegian market for entrepreneurial financing. The analysis disentangles the term recycling of entrepreneurial resources in ecosystems, explained here as a self-enhancing cycle of finance under certain conditions that allows enhancement of the ecosystem and members. The aim is to explain these mechanisms in business-level ecosystems, why they are important, and how they are new to entrepreneurship theories. The study argues that the robustness of ecosystems is characterised by the extent of such activities and how they affect entrepreneurial and regional growth. Bottom-up ecosystems can be spatially scattered and enable start-ups in disadvantageous localities to harvest critical resources from more advantageous places. This study provides a theoretical extension of EEs.

Environmentally Friendly Agricultural Development

&lt;p class="JSDLKatakunci"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstra&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ct&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;.&lt;/strong&gt; Environmentally friendly agriculture is an agricultural system that manages all resources and inputs of the agricultural system to achieve optimal productivity and economic benefits, but has a low risk of resource and environmental sustainability, as well as global warming/climate change. Environmentally friendly implementation strategies lead to synergy and integration between technologies, optimization of resources and production inputs which are carried out through three approaches, namely: (1) Anticipation, adaptation, and mitigation approaches in the context of global warming and climate change, (2) Mitigation approach, countermeasures, and remediation in the context of edhapik and biological environments, and (3) Land remediation approach in the context of degradation and pollution of land, air and ecosystem resources due to excessive use of agrochemicals. Support for research activities and development of adaptation, mitigation and remediation strategies for the restoration of polluted land is expected to increase the economy while producing healthy agricultural products and environment. Various regulations and policies for implementing a sustainable agricultural environment, socialization and implementation in the field must be supported by an agricultural environment information system that is easily accessed by users.&lt;/p&gt;

Комплексная оценка сырьевых ресурсов березняков

The research is aimed at a comprehensive assessment of the forest site resources deposited in a birch blueberry forest. The relevance of the work is based on the increasing interest of countries and regions in the diversity of forest ecosystem resources. A material and financial assessment of the major types of resources of the forest site with a birch stand is given for the first time. The stand composition is as follows: birch, 65 %; spruce, 21 %; aspen, 8 %; alder, 3%; elm, 2 %; and maple, 1 %. The stand is described by the following parameters: the relative density – 0.6; the quality class – II; and the growing stock – 344 m3/ha. Food and medicinal resources, wood and forest chemical raw materials, honey plants and birch sap, and household products were taken into account in the comprehensive assessment. The composition and reserves of the forest site reserves were assessed on the 10 m2 circular survey plots in accordance with the patent no. RU 2084129 C1 “Seedling Growth Registering Method”. The commercial species reserves of edible, technical and medicinal plants were estimated using the mowing method; berries – by a single collection during the ripening period. The sap production of the birch forests was determined empirically, based on the stand parameters. The prices for all types of resources were used as of 2019. It is shown that the cost of timber on the forest site is about 15 % (200,840 rub/ha) of the total cost of the other recorded types of resources, i.e. totally 2,643 rub/ha in terms of one year. The stock is dominated by firewood – over 36 %; the share of industrial wood is 34 %. The sap productivity of the birch forest is more than 12 ths L/ha per season. With an average birch sap cost of 20 rub/L, the income from the sale of seasonal sap volume per 1 ha can be more than 257 ths rub. By-products account for the largest share of revenue, ranging from 70 to 85 % depending on the season of the year. The share of edible and medicinal plants is about 10 %. The total income from the sale of the recorded types of resources of this forest site is estimated to be 1.2 mln rub/ha. The most important feature of this kind of resources is their ability to regenerate themselves without human participation. The main types of resources in the birch forest can be used annually during the entire period of reforestation. The obtained results can be used when drafting an agreement on the lease and a project for the development of a forest site where integrated utilization of forest resources or their individual types is assumed. For citation: Gryazkin A.V., Tran Trung Thanh, Vu Van Hung, Prokof’yev A.N., Hoang Minh An. Integrated Assessment of Raw Material Resources of Birch Forests. Lesnoy Zhurnal [Russian Forestry Journal], 2022, no. 1, pp. 23–35. DOI: 10.37482/0536-1036-2022-1-23-35

Impact of Decadal Trends in the Surface Climate of the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre on the Marine Environment of the Barents Sea

The Barents Sea is a key region in the Earth System and is home to highly productive marine resources. An integrated approach for strategic sustainable management of marine resources in such shelf-sea marine ecosystems requires, among many other aspects, a robust understanding of the impact of climate on local oceanic conditions. Here, using a combined observational and modelling approach, we show that decadal climatic trends associated with the North Atlantic Subpolar Gyre (SPG), within the period 1960–2019, have an impact on oceanic conditions in the Barents Sea. We relate hydrographic conditions in the Barents Sea to the decadal variability of the SPG through its impact on the Atlantic Inflow via the Faroe-Shetland Channel and the Barents Sea Opening. When the SPG warms, an increase in the throughput of subtropical waters across the Greenland-Scotland Ridge is followed by an increase in the volume of Atlantic Water entering the Barents Sea. These changes are reflected in pronounced decadal trends in the sea-ice concentration and primary production in the Barents Sea, which follow the SPG after an advective delay of 4–5 years. This impact of the SPG on sea-ice and primary production provides a dynamical explanation of the recently reported 7-year lagged statistical relationship between SPG and cod (Gadus morhua) biomass in the Barents Sea. Overall, these results highlight a potential for decadal ecosystem predictions in the Barents Sea.

Estuarine Fish Feeding Changes as Indicator to Mangrove Restoration Success in Seasonal Karstic Wetlands

The loss of mangrove areas due to anthropogenic activities has triggered efforts to recover or restore these ecosystems, their functions, and associated diversity. Such functions include nursery areas and energy flow through trophic relationships for a large variety of inhabitant species (e.g., fish). The food webs and trophic dynamics of estuarine fish provide important information on the food resources in mangrove ecosystems and their response to restoration processes. Nonetheless, few studies focus on using fish feeding characteristics as an approximation to assess the conservation or recovery status of these aquatic ecosystems. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the trophic dynamics of an ichthyic community in a mangrove ecosystem related to karstic wetlands in the Mexican–Caribbean using freshwater, estuarine, and marine fish species as bioindicators of the restoration process in mangroves. Stomach contents were analyzed for eight species of fish inhabiting specific mangrove zones (1—conserved zone, and 2—restored zone; a zone exposed to ecological restoration processes due to impacts of anthropic activities) related to karstic wetlands in the Mexican–Caribbean. Four feeding characteristics were considered: trophic guild, trophic level, feeding strategy, and prey abundance. Results showed differences and changes in the use of food sources at the trophic level mainly for Floridichthys polyommus, changing from a secondary consumer in the conserved zones to a primary consumer in the restored zones. This suggests that the feeding characteristics of the inhabiting fish are related to the mangrove’s conservation/restoration status and the trophic dynamics in the community. The results of this study are relevant as a tool for mangrove restoration plans regarding the analysis of fish and their food prey, in order to perform an easy and rapid assessment to determine the conservation/restoration status of these aquatic ecosystems from a functional perspective.

IDENTIFIKASI JENIS MAKROALGA COKELAT (PHAEOPHYTA) DI PERAIRAN PANTAI BLUE MERLIN, TELUK TOMINI, GORONTALO

Macroalgae have an important role in the coastal environment and human beings. Unfortunately, the research on species identification of macroalgae is very poor. On the other hand, data collection of macroalgae is essential to be used for effectiveness in conservation efforts for coastal ecosystem resources. Thereby, the identification of macroalgae is needed, particularly for brown algae as the database that can be used in the management of coastal resources in Tomini Bay. This research was conducted for 45 days, from November 15 to December 29, 2020, in the Blue Marlin Beach, Tomini Bay, Gorontalo City. GPS coordinate, sea current, seawater temperature, and waves were measured with Fishing Points Software. Sample collection was performed by a search method. Each specimen that was found was kept in a plastic zipper bag and stored in a coolbox containing an ice-cube to maintain the fresh sample. After collection, the specimens were carried out to the laboratory for identification and measurement as soon as possible. The results show three brown algae species in the Blue marlin Beach, i.e., Padina australis, Turbenaria decurrens, and Sargassum polycystum. The average of seawater temperature, sea current, and waves during the study is 31 C, 0.1 m/s, and 0,2 m, respectively.

The Engagement of Complementors and the Role of Platform Boundary Resources in e-Commerce Platform Ecosystems

The success of digital platforms can be attributed to the engagement of autonomous complementors as exemplified by e-commerce Content Management System (CMS) platforms such as WordPress and Shopify. Platform owners provide Platform Boundary Resources (PBRs) to stimulate and control complementor engagement. Despite the increasing scholarly interest in digital platform ecosystems, their exact role in facilitating and channeling complementor engagement remains unclear. Therefore, we conducted an embedded case study on CMS platform ecosystems, comprising a total of 24 interviews with platform owners and complementors. We inductively derive five types of complementor engagement and their respective manifestations and two overarching engagement goals of complementors. Moreover, we determine the different types of PBRs utilized, including their critical effects, and distinguish between uniform and individual PBRs reflecting their respective generalizability and scalability. We discuss the findings by introducing the concepts of complementor resourcing and complementor securing and shed light on the standardization-individualization tension of PBRs faced by platform owners.