Economic Wealth Research Articles

Entrepreneurship, foreign direct investments and economic wealth in Africa

The paper seeks to examine the joint effect of entrepreneurship and FDI inflows on economic wealth in Africa. It employs a dynamic system GMM for a panel dataset of 52 African economies between 2006 and 2020. The study finds that FDI inflows induced a negative impact on the ease of doing business but it increases the business capital start-ups of entrepreneurs. We find that entrepreneurship reduces economic wealth in the short term but in the long-term entrepreneurship positively affect economic wealth. The results show that FDI inflows increase economic wealth and that FDI is an important channel through which entrepreneurship can impact economic wealth. We find evidence to support that ease of doing business and FDI inflows are substitutes while minimum capital of starting business complements FDI inflows in determining economic wealth. Based on the marginal effects, we conclude that entrepreneurship reduces economic wealth but improves economic wealth when the level of FDI inflows increases in a country. The implication is that countries should provide strategies that promote economic wealth of individuals, people and entrepreneurs through prudent business development framework and FDI supports in the short term.

Agricultural pesticides – friends or foes to biosphere?

Pesticides are integral components of modern agricultural practices. The primary benefit of pesticide application includes immediate gain in terms of quality and quantity of food production. It further enhances the economic wealth and well-being of any nation. Unfortunately, pesticides are extensively used while ignoring their associated risks to the biosphere. Hence the present study aims to unravel potential impacts of pesticides on agricultural lands and different taxa of organisms. For this purpose, PRISMA guidelines were employed. Various search-terms were used to screen literature on ScienceDirect and PubMed databases. Original peer-reviewed articles published till January 2023 in English language were selected and assessed for relevancy. Study of the literature has revealed several cases of pesticide-induced mass mortality and sub-lethal impacts on pollinators, earthworms, fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. Residues of pesticides have been reported in vegetables, grains, and dairy products that might act as sources of pesticide exposure. Moreover, people dealing with pesticides are directly exposed to these chemicals. Hence, the present work provides an extensive review of the detrimental impacts of pesticides on biotic components of the biosphere. It also illustrates the scope of IPM, organic-farming, remote-sensing, and GPS in reducing the irrational use of pesticides and subsequent negative impacts on biosphere.

Assay on the Impact of Vegetable Oil Mill Effluent on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Brassica compestris L. and Oryza sativa L.

Industries of any country are one of the key determinants of its economic wealth. Industries not only utilize a huge amount of water but also cause soil and water pollution by disposing of untreated industrial effluents in water bodies and agricultural land. The study aimed to test the impact of mustard oil effluent on seed germination and seedling growth of Brassica compestris L. and Oryza sativa L. and to evaluate the scope of industrial effluent as irrigation water. Different parameters like germination percentage, germination index, germination rate, and mean germination time were evaluated with different concentrations of effluent to analyze the impact effluent had on plant growth. The results of the study show that industrial effluents can be used for irrigation only after appropriate dilution, increasing the concentration of effluent in irrigation water can lead to a reduction in macro and micronutrients concentration as well as heavy metal accumulation which results in the inhibition of seed germination. Thus, careful monitoring of the effects of any industrial effluent on any particular crop is a must before its application as the response of crops may vary with single effluent also.

Political Stability, Confidence in the Future, and Values

According to the literature, modernization is associated with cultural change along the two value dimensions: from survival to self-expression/emancipative values and from traditional to secular-rational values. This value change has generally been viewed as the product of both material and non-material forces; however, previous studies have used mainly material proxies for non-material, social, and psychological variables. Instead, in this paper, we propose and test a modified theoretical model that allows us to assess both the direct and indirect effects of material conditions, such as economic wealth and political stability, on emancipative and secular values by including variables that capture non-material factors, such as the respondents’ fears about their economic future and about the possible destabilization of the political systems in which they live. We conduct empirical analyses both at the individual level, using the cross-sectional data from the World Values Survey, and at the aggregate level. Both sets of analyses revealed that fears about the stability of the political system are the single most significant determinant of value change.

Regional Development and Design for the Formation of Regional Growth Centers Through the Utilization of Local Potential

This study investigates the role of regional development as a new growth area and its contribution to regional development based on its natural and economic wealth potential. A room's story is significant to create community welfare. This study used a descriptive method based on the results of field observations and secondary data, which were analyzed using the Gravity Model approach, Williamson Index and Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, and qualitative research. The results showed that the interaction between Sekotong and its surrounding areas was relatively high. It can be seen that the Sekotong-Sheet position has the most excellent gravity valueIt can also be explained that Sekotong currently has two mainstay sectors as the base sector, namely the Agriculture, Forestry, Fisheries, and Mining sector. The other three sectors, such as Wholesale and Information are potential sectors to become base sectors for the future. With the development of marine and hilly potentials through tourism, of course, the hope is that it will divert community activities from destroying nature (illegal gold mining) to actions to protect and preserve the surrounding environment. This study reveals that the changing of people characters from destructive mindset into the hospitality toward the environment.

Does Financial Development, Globalisation and Institutional Quality Drive the Income Convergence in the Central and Eastern European Union Countries?

Abstract Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries are struggling with internal and external macroeconomic and social factors in their catching-up strategies to be closer, as economic wealth, to the Western developed European countries. In these ex-communist countries, institutional factors could be seen as critical for success in narrowing the income gap. The paper proposes an analysis of the impact of economic and financial development and globalization on the income gap in 11 Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Czechia, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Poland, Romania, Slovak Republic and Slovenia) for the period of 1996 to 2019, taking into consideration institutional factors. The study analyses the variables: transition coefficient as a proxy for income gap, GDP per capita, KOF Financial Globalisation Index, Financial Development Index and World Bank Institutional Indicators in a panel approach methodology and estimation of FMOLS and DOLS equations. The paper’s findings show that all considered factors have a significant contribution to the income gap in the examined period of time. Economic and financial development, as well as institutional quality, is positively associated with the closing income gap, while globalization has a negative influence. It is also revealed the direction of the causality relationship between the considered variables: from economic and financial development, globalization and institutional quality to the income gap. These findings suggest some policy recommendations in support of the continuation of the European integration process.

The impact of women’s labor resources on economic growth in Uzbekistan

One of the main economic and social wealth of Uzbekistan is its people. Although policymaker pay the special attention at the gender equality in almost every aspect of our lives, we still have gender bias in our labor market. The current study empirically investigated the relationship between female labor force participation and economic prosperity of the country. The paper implemented Granger casualty test to define which variable causes to change another variable amongst the gathered secondary data, after it employed Last Squares method to define the long term relationship amongst variables such as GDP, female labor force participation rates (FLFPR), fertility rates, female unemployment rates, female higher educational attainment and women in business and law index. The study showed that GDP influences the tribulations in rates of female labor force participation, and not on the contrary. Meanwhile, OLS regression gave a negative output of the correlations amongst GDP, Female Unemployment Rate, and Female in Business and Law Index regarding to the FLFPR. The significance of Women in Business and Law index is insignificant. In contrast the long term positive relationship is defined among fertility rate and higher education attainment with FLFPR. But in case of fertility rates the variable is insignificant.

The future of fish and fisheries in Australia: prioritisation of research needs through a horizon scanning approach

Context In Australia, the health of our marine, estuarine and freshwater fishes are of critical importance. The aquatic and marine ecosystems, and the fishes that occupy them each have an important role in our country’s ecological, economic, cultural and social wealth. Climate change, resource over-exploitation, invasive animals and diseases, and habitat degradation are just a few of the burgeoning threats that researchers and managers must address to ensure the prosperity of Australia’s natural fisheries resources. In addition, differences in legislative frameworks among jurisdictions hinder our ability to coherently manage fish resources at scales that are relevant biologically, ecologically and socially. Aims Here, we identify the key research priorities for fish and fisheries research in Australia, across seven thematic fields of study. Methods Research priorities were evaluated using a horizon scanning approach which identified research questions related to the field of fish and fisheries research in Australia. Key results A total of 284 unique research questions were categorised and prioritised, resulting in the formation of the top 10 highest priority research questions across each of the seven themes. Conclusions The outcomes from this work can be used to directly complement ongoing work from research providers working in the field of fish and fisheries as well as the development of new areas of research. Implications The priorities identified will enable researchers and policy makers to identify critical knowledge gaps, develop collaborative research programs, investigate novel approaches, and to improve transparency around decision-making processes.

SUSTAINABLE HOTEL INDUSTRY GOVERNANCE STRATEGY (CASE STUDY: HOTEL BUSINESS IN BADUNG REGENCY, BALI PROVINCE)

This study examines the management and availability of the hotel industry in Badung Regency, Bali Province, and its potential in facilitating sustainable tourism. This research has three main objectives: gain authentic insight into the contribution of the hospitality industry in promoting sustainable tourism, propose sustainable development strategies for the hospitality industry, and build a comprehensive business model and management approach to promote sustainable tourism in Bali Province. This multiyear research project will run from 2022 to 2023. This research uses a qualitative approach with case study methodology and nonprobability sampling techniques. Primary data were collected through canvassing and in-depth interviews with stakeholders. Secondary data were obtained from various related documents. The results showed that the hotel industry in Badung Regency has not fully adopted environmentally friendly tourism management practices that support sustainable tourism. In addition, there is a significant gap in economic benefits and wealth distribution for the Balinese people. The Balinese government and people emphasize the cultural values of Tri Hita Karana and Taksu Bali, which support sustainable tourism in the long term. The novelty statement of this study is that this research provides deep insight into the contribution and challenges of the hotel industry in Badung Regency in facilitating sustainable tourism based on a blue and green economy, as well as proposing sustainable development strategies for the hotel industry that consider economic, socio-cultural, and environmental factors. In addition, the study also provides a comprehensive business model and management approach to promote sustainable tourism in Bali Province with special emphasis on implementing efficient hotel management practices. Keywords: Sustainable Tourism, Tri Hita Karana, Taksu Bali, Blue Economy, Green Economy, Hotel Industry DOI： https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.58.3.5

Левое либертарианство и генетическая справедливость

Distributive justice is one of the central questions of contemporary moral and political phi­losophy. Discussions on this topic are often presented as a confrontation between two groups of thinkers: libertarians and luck egalitarians. The former emphasize the dependence of the existing distribution on the individual choice and personal responsibility of people, and therefore are skeptical about various redistribution programs. The latter, on the contrary, emphasize the influence of morally arbitrary luck on the economic situation of people, and therefore welcome redistributive measures to compensate for this brute luck. Left-libertarian claims to reconcile these two types of moral considerations. The classical left-libertarian point of view seeks to offset the influence of brute luck through an egalitarian distribution of the benefits of owning natural resources that are independent of anyone’s choice and respon­sibility. However, this position does not sufficiently take into account the influence of other factors of brute luck and, in particular, genetic endowments on the distribution of economic wealth. This article discusses three approaches that allow left-libertarians to take into ac­count the factor of genetic luck in interpersonal distribution. First, it is Hillel Steiner’s pro­posal to attribute genetic information to natural resources, the benefits of which are subject to egalitarian redistribution. Second, it is the concept of equal opportunity for welfare by Pe­ter Vallentyne, Michael Otsuka and Eric Roark. Thirdly, it is the universal dominance crite­rion of Philippe Van Parijs and Kasper Ossenblok. The first two approaches face a number of moral and practical difficulties, but the third approach is able to overcome them. Thus, the universal dominance criterion is the most promising way to reconcile left-libertarianism and justice in the distribution of genetic endowments.

Climatic Impact of Cross-Timber Production and Ecosystem Services on Profit Efficiency

The Cross-Timbers is a forested region that stretches from southern Kansas to central Oklahoma and into Texas. As an essential transitional ecotone between the eastern forest and Great Plains grassland biomes, this region is crucial for maintaining biological diversity. Much of this land is not actively managed for the critical ecosystem services that benefit people living in the region. The Cross-Timbers face threats from natural and anthropogenic factors, including climate variability. The lack of proper forest management (prescribed fires and thinning’s) has resulted in a reduction of wildlife habitats and water availability, and an increased risk of wildfires surrounding human development. These losses in ecosystem services are concerning given the high population pressure, with over 17 million people projected to be directly dependent on these services by 2040. Therefore, analyzing the economic capacity of the region to efficiently use and provide natural resources is critical for improving economic wealth. Efficient forest management practices can result in increased forest productivity and profitability, leading to the development of markets for other non-timber benefits, such as carbon sequestration, hunting, biodiversity, water production, and recreational activities. These practices can position the Cross-Timbers forests as a feasible commodity for emerging natural resource markets. To assess the economic efficiency of the region's forests, we applied stochastic frontier analysis, which measures profit efficiency. Using data from the USDA Forest Inventory and Analysis program at the forest plot level between 2004-2019, we examined the impacts of forest management practices, natural disturbances, and climatic variables on profit efficiency. Our results indicate that the Cross-Timbers forests are economically inefficient in the provision of ecosystem services. Damage caused by abiotic factors reduces profit efficiency by 3.4%, while damage caused by biological factors increases profit efficiency by 23%. The productivity of the site also increases profit efficiency by 17%. Overall, forests in this region generate negative profits when providing ecosystem services. Kansas forests generate higher and more stable profits over time than those in Oklahoma and Texas, and managing softwoods shows to be a more economically attractive alternative than managing oaks, which show the largest variability in profits across the three states.

Optimal investment strategies and profit shares distributions: A stochastic control approach

With the advent of Solvency II regulations in 2016, European insurance companies are tasked with calculating technical provisions by either using a standard formula given by regulators or developing their own internal model. This paper first reviews a model adapted to Solvency II regulations for an insurance company’s participating contracts, which was proposed by Hainaut [1]. The objective of the insurer is to optimize profit shares distributions and asset allocation strategies. In this setting, a stochastic control approach is used to formulate a dynamic portfolio optimization problem. The insurer invests in an account or bond that is risk-free, she also invests in a risky asset that is based on the Black-Scholes model. A closed form solution to the problem under a power utility function on future profit shares and the insurer’s future economic wealth is calculated. The paper ends with a numerical example, where Tesla and Apple share prices are used as the insurer’s risky asset, in order to test the usability of the model in industry.

Türkiye ve Katar’ın Orman Ürünleri Ticareti Üzerine Bir Değerlendirme

Ekonomik zenginliği ile Katar, dış ticarette Orta Doğu’nun en önemli ülkeleri arasında yer alır. 2017 yılında bölge ülkelerinden Suudi Arabistan, Birleşik Arap Emirlikleri, Bahreyn ve Mısır Katar’a bazı ambargolar uygulamaya başlamış ve bu dönemde Katar diplomatik ve siyasi hayatta yalnız bırakılmıştır. Bu ambargolar sırasında Türkiye’nin Katar’ın yanında tavır sergilemesi, son 20 yıl içinde güçlenen Katar ile Türkiye ilişkisini pekiştirmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı Türkiye ile Katar’ın her geçen gün güçlenen ekonomik ve siyasi ilişkisinin orman ürünleri ticaretini nasıl etkilediğini incelemektir. Orman varlığına sahip olmayan Katar, ekonomik zenginliği ile kısmen hammadde, çoğunlukla da mamul ve yarı mamul ithalatına da meyillidir. Mevcut literatür ve güncel istatistiklerin incelenip yorumlanması ile gerçekleştirilen bu çalışma sonucunda, 2017 Körfez Krizi’nin Türkiye’nin Katar’a yönelik toplam genel ihracatında ortalama %44’lük bir artışa etki ettiği görülür. Genel ihracat kategorisindeki bu artışın orman ürünleri sanayine yansımasına bakıldığında ise mobilya hariç, mantar ve ahşap eşya kategorisinde %211’lik, ağaç ve ahşap eşya kategorisinde %353, mobilya kategorisinde ise %108’lik bir artışa neden olduğu görülmektedir. 2017 Körfez Krizi koşullarının Katar ile olan işlenmiş ve mamul düzeydeki katma değeri yüksek mobilya ihracatı kategorisinde artışa neden olduğu gözlenmiştir. Mevcut krizin sona erdiği şu günlerden sonra ise ihracattaki artışın, siyasi otoritenin Katar ile ilişkilerinin seyrine bağlı olmak kaydıyla, artarak devam edeceği tahmin edilebilir.

СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕДПОСЫЛКИ МОДИФИКАЦИИ ТРУДОВОГО КАПИТАЛА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ И СОЦИАЛИЗАЦИИ ЭКОНОМИКИ

The need for a qualitative update of the characteristics of labor capital in the conditions of digitalization of the region's economy is due to the search for the necessary opportunities for accumulation and use of human potential, preservation and prolongation of the life cycle of labor resources. The modification of labor capital is expressed in increasing the role and transformation of the qualities of an employee not only as an object, but also as a subject of the labor process, changing its characteristics and socially responsible orientation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the process of qualitative renewal of the characteristics of labor capital in the conditions of digitalization and socialization of the economy of the region, to identify the main prerequisites, determinants and factors of its modification. The study revealed the causes and factors of qualitative renewal of labor capital in the conditions of digitalization and socialization of the economy, including: improvement of the structure of labor capital, development of social factors of the organization, improvement of working conditions, development of labor and social activity. The main characteristics and sources of labor capital development are identified: educational and professional level, health and professional longevity, sanitary and hygienic conditions and a healthy production environment, labor and creative activity, social responsibility and participation in management. The authors determined that the qualitative renewal of labor capital is determined, first of all, by changes in the structure of organizations and working conditions, the type and characteristics of employees, the role of the collective in creating economic wealth, social progress and is expressed in increasing the role of the employee's personality, changes in his socially responsible orientation. The active participation of personnel in production management is an important element of the humanization of social and labor relations and the modification of labor capital. Innovations in labor and employee characteristics are due to the requirements for personnel from modern advanced generations of labor tools, innovative technologies, and digitalization of the economy. Modern innovative production and digitalization of the economy require constant professional development. In addition, there is a need for competent employees with better professional abilities. The human factor is turning into the main source and impetus of economic and social development.

Information and Knowledge Management for Development.

The confluence of Information Communication Technology (ICT) and Knowledge Management for Development (KM4D) creates a robust partnership in dwelling upon development targets of a nation. While problems of digital uptake brought about by digi tal divide continue to hound information-poor nations of the Global South widening the gap mostly to the benefit of Global North countries, digitization process creates economic opportunities that alleviate poverty conditions if harnessed properly and pr opel economies much higher through continued utilization. While development equates with poverty alleviation as its main target, KM4D must propel regional economies benefiting from integrated knowledge base to a much higher economic growth after hitting poverty allevation targets. In other words, KM4D can immerse with a robust community of practice through knowledge sharing practices while adopting business strategies in order to achieve economic wealth. In principle, innovators and distributors transcend economies in a given place as a network of creators. Lastly, ICT is a viable component in economic development where its utilization and management should coincide with KM’s organizational outcomes as a form of synergy.

IMPACTS OF INTEGRATED RURAL DEVELOPMENT (IRD) TOWARDS TRADITIONAL VILLAGE ECONOMY IN KETENGAH, TERENGGANU, MALAYSIA

This study investigates the anticipated impacts of an integrated economy on six (6) traditional villages in the District of Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia, which villages have undergone “Integrated Rural Development” (IRD). The IRD has promoted a continual intervention and collaboration process that involved external parties, including government agencies, to improve the rural local economy and the villagers’ quality of life. The villagers’ aspiration to improve their economic wealth was blended carefully with the preservation of local values through local distribution, thus reducing rural-urban incongruity. Alternatives were also sought to strengthen and use natural resources. The integrated economic sectors assessed in these villages were agriculture, livestock, aquaculture, small-and-medium entrepreneurs (SME) industries, and rural tourism. This paper seeks to evaluate the impacts of these economies on the concept of IRD by using Creative Index Analysis (C.I) in determining the best practice framework. By emphasising the principle of “best value for money”, CI was used to measure the value of anticipated impact, particularly the benefits that will be received by the people against the cost of development and operation for a period of its lifespan. A 1.0 creative index value refer to a rural area that has an economic integration potential and disparities that were overcome by the analysis. Most importantly, more than 78% of the 114 respondents from this area agreed with the project implementation. To ensure the impacts of the IRD project, the development framework proposes the consideration of at least three potential aspects within five years of implementation: training, new and existing development, and assistance in product marketing.

RICE HUSK AS POTENTIAL RESOURCE FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS: A REVIEW

Rice husk (RH) is the by-product of the rice milling industry, and its primary disposal via burning can lead to detrimental environmental implications. While literature primarily focused on the potential of its silica component, the cellulosic constituent, which can be of applied value in the biomedical field, appears sparsely reported. Therefore, this review paper critically discusses both the silica and cellulose components of RH investigated for various biomedical uses (adsorbents, drug delivery systems, antioxidant and antitumor activities), and provides the elaborative overview of the chemical extraction methods for both components, while highlighting the needs for optimizing the extraction process for large scale industrial considerations. Discussions on several limitations of the current knowledge that mitigated readiness for biomedical applications (e.g. inadequate data from animal studies and clinical trials, as well as the lack of analytical confirmatory tests and non-standardized methods) are also presented. Considering the medicinal properties of RH, the possible utilization of its cellulose content as a new biomaterial for wound healing application is theorized. The information gathered here justifies the use of this agricultural biomass as a new source of economic wealth for biomedical industries, while minimizing the environmental threat that can be associated with its disposal.

Investigating the local socio-spatial integration of the Belval knowledge district into Esch/Alzette: A dissimilarity-based approach

The social and spatial integration of knowledge-related urban development projects into their urban environment is seen by policymakers as a necessity to unlock local and regional growth dynamics and regeneration. However, the understanding of socio-spatial integration, and how it can be scientifically analysed and interpreted at a local scale remains somewhat vague when the concept is not approached in its totality and measured by unidimensional indicators. The current article first proposes a holistic and multidimensional analytical framework to measure and analyse the socio-spatial integration of knowledge districts. Then, it focuses on one specific dimension – the structural dissimilarities between territories – and suggests an indicator-based multivariate analysis that is applied to the case of Belval, in Esch/Alzette (Luxembourg). Our findings for the Belval case study show that the structural dissimilarities between knowledge districts and adjacent neighbourhoods are mainly due to the young, international and professional profile of the population this place attracts, while differentials in terms of socio-economic status are much less significant than expected. In other words, the specificity of this knowledge district lies in the educational and migratory backgrounds of its inhabitants, rather than in their economic wealth. Accordingly, we call for a more nuanced debate concerning the urban integration of knowledge districts.

Cryptocurrencies and the promise of individual economic sovereignty in an age of digitalization: A critical appraisal

Cryptocurrencies have fuelled an ideological bifurcation between utopian imaginaries of borderless individual economic sovereignty and egalitarianism among libertarian sympathizers since Hayek and more recent dystopian admonitions against financial disruption and inequality by state actors. Providing a state-of-the-art sociological account of this debate, this article conducts the first empirical study on the links between cryptocurrency adoption, individual economic sovereignty and wealth inequality using a novel 2020 cross-societal database of the population-level adoption of the six largest cryptocurrencies. Analyses show that cryptocurrency adoption neither ameliorates nor worsens wealth inequality, but that the geographical expansion of cryptocurrencies is dependent on the very political economic conditions and state permissions that their libertarian enthusiasts spurn. This article concludes by invigorating a programmatic call and agenda for the empirical, sociological study of cryptocurrencies and the methodological designs required to sustain it.

Impacts from transportation measures in national appraisal guidelines: coverage and practices

Transportation appraisal has a potential important role in prioritization of transportation investment projects and other transportation measures. Appraisal practices vary much over countries and time, but these differences are not fully known. More knowledge on the variation in practices may contribute to smoother knowledge exchange between countries and more informed choices in the further development of each national practice. In this paper, we present both an updated mapping and a meta-analysis of impact coverage in national appraisal guidelines for transportation measures and spatial measures more generally. Our updated mapping of impact coverage covers 18 national and regional guideline sets and 44 sorts of impact. It shows rather similar overall impact coverage in the reviewed guide-lines for economic, social and environmental impacts. The most advanced appraisal practices are found in Northern and Western Europe and Oceania. We find that supplementary quantitative analyses are most common for economic impacts, while multi-criteria analyses are most common for environmental impacts. Our meta-analysis covers ours and 15 earlier impact mappings, jointly covering 42 countries and regions. In this examination, we show how impact cover-age in appraisal practices has improved over time, particularly for environmental, user and wider economic impacts. The meta-analysis also reveals that Western and Northern European and Oceanian countries and dependencies have had the widest impact coverage from 1998 to 2020, both in CB and overall. To examine what characterize countries with broad and narrow impact coverage, we have applied econometric regression models that are linear (i.e. linear least squares), quasi-linear (i.e. Tobit) and fractional response-based (i.e. fractional probit and fractional logit). In these regression analyses, we control for study-specific characteristics and clustering the standard errors on countries. Our results show that the CB impact coverage tends to increase with economic wealth, equality and population size in developed countries, while we find no such patterns for overall impact coverage.