Sub-sectors Of Economy Research Articles

Qualitative Record Management Skills for Effective Service Delivery in Nigerian Education System

Record keeping is a strong instrument for keeping an organization alive and healthy. It is the only veritable tool for keeping the government and the nation informed as to the need or otherwise of further investment in education and other subsectors of economy, the direction as well as the dimension of such investment. One of the major reasons educations has not been utilized adequately to achieve national transformation and reconstruction of the third world nations is due to poor record management by educational managers, administrators and teachers. The study examined qualitative record management skills for effective service delivery in Nigerian education system. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The sample size was 1260 respondents (260 Educational Administrators and 1000 classroom teachers), from 260 public secondary schools in Anambra State of Nigeria. A 52-item structured questionnaire built on 4-point scale was used for data collection. Senior lecturers and the deputy registrars in the 36 tertiary institutions in the south east zone of Nigeria consisted of the population of the study.. A 33 – item structured questionnaire built on a 4 – point scale was used for data collection. Three research questions and a null hypothesis guided the study. The instrument was validated by two experts in Educational Management and Policy. Mean and t-test statistic tool at 0.05 level of significance were used for the analysis of the research questions and hypothesis respectively. Findings revealed low extent application e-recording, inadequate lecturers in terms quality/ quantity and administrative officer’s skills.

Structural Change and Per Capita Income in Nepal: Empirical Evidences

This paper empirically examines Nepalese economic structure by applying OLS technique on the annual series of sectoral growth, population and capital related variables ranging from 1975 – 2012. The estimates obtained with due consideration of stationarity of the series including HP filter revealed that industrial sector is significant to increase per capita income compared to the agriculture and service sectors in Nepal. Moreover, health as indicated by life expectancy and population at working age are found to be substantial to increase the income but, education and capital formation are found insignificant. It is inferred that employment matters for raising per capita income, requiring employment-led growth rather mere growth of economic sub-sectors. Hence, it is needed to have balanced contribution of economic sub-sectors and their employment share to national economy along with healthy workforce to raise the per capita income.

Geografía Económica del conocimiento de la aglomeración metropolitana de Bilbao

La economía del conocimiento (EC) se ha erigido en un factor clave de competitividad regional y, por tanto, de diferenciación urbana en la Unión Europea, por lo que interesa conocer cómo está posicionada la aglomeración metropolitana de Bilbao (AMB), la principal del País Vasco. En las tres últimas décadas ha registrado una diversificación productiva, la consolidación de un sistema de innovación regional y el reajuste de la jerarquía urbana, que le ha valido un reconocimiento internacional. Resulta de interés conocer hasta qué punto es relevante la EC en volumen y estrategias de localización por su capacidad de transmisión de innovación al resto de los subsectores económicos y a los espacios urbanos conectados. Valorar hasta qué punto el territorio, entendido como una particular configuración socio-económica en una localización específica, importa de modo activo en la EC del AMB es el hilo conductor de este trabajo.

Environmental and Health Implications of Fuel Substitution for Cooking Energy in Nigeria's Household Energy Mix

This paper is concerned with effects that are considered undesirable for women and children in household energy utilization. In Nigeria, household energy utilization is significant where it contributes 53% to total energy consumption with bio-energy inclusive. 85% of bio-energy contribution to final energy consumption goes to service energy needs. Technology mix for cooking in households includes firewood stoves (41%), charcoal stoves (1%), kerosene stoves (53%), Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) stoves (4.5%) and electric burners (0.5%). Literature review, survey and application of simulation technique were employed as methodology. For the simulation technique, factors considered include impact of technological interventions as well as structural shifts among economic sectors and sub-sectors. With technology intervention, the simulated results indicate that savings of 1.5 billion kg Ceq, and the avoided cost of about $0.11 million/tonne Ceq, can be achieved. Economic benefits may include reduced health-related expenditure, time savings from shorter time spent on fuel collection and cooking, and environmental impacts at local levels.

The Equity Premium: 100 Years of Empirical Evidence from the UK

We examine the UK equity premium over more than a century using dividend growth to estimate expectations of capital gains employing the approach of Fama and French (2002). Over recent decades estimated equity premia implied by dividend growth have been much lower than that produced by average stock returns for the UK market as a whole; a finding corroborated by all economic sub-sectors. Our empirical analysis suggests this is primarily due to a declining discount rate, during the latter part of the 20th Century, which would rationally stimulate unanticipated equity price rises during this period. Thus, we conclude that historical stock returns over recent decades have been above investors' expectations.

Early exit from the labour force between exclusion and privilege: Unemployment as a transition from employment to retirement in West Germany

Over the past twenty-five years, unemployment has been growing continuously in West Germany. In this study one of the reasons for growing unemployment is analysed: unemployment of older people in their transition from employment to retirement. First, the different possibilities of transitions into retirement are explained within the framework of social security regulations. Taking this legal framework as a starting point, early retirement passages are then modelled with the IAB unemployment sub-sample. It will be shown that - due to the long duration of these unemployment episodes - early retirement contributed considerably to the rise of total unemployment. Early retirement patterns will be broken down by economic sub-sectors and establishment size. It turns out that this kind of unemployment originates primarily from large establishments in manufacturing and extractive industries. Multivariate analysis presented at the end of the paper also includes personal characteristics such as gender or skills and income levels. In the light of these findings, the 'push' and 'pull' hypothesis common in explaining early exit are discussed. Drawing on the statistical findings as well as on the institutional analysis, it is argued that both kinds of factors are at work.

Changing relations between manufacturing and service provision in a more competitive telecom environment

In the telecommunication sector we find two different economic subsectors: service provision and industrial products supply. Their mutual development is interdependent and has been supported, among other things, by the strong and solid relationships that were established between the economic agents operating in these subsectors. This paper analyses how these relationships are changing as a consequence of the transformation of the services provision subsector. The following forces are driving this transformation: market liberalisation, changes in network technology, and new services demand. The envisaged effects of that transformation in terms of operators’ procurement policies of industrial products are also described. The induced transformation in the manufacturing subsector is identified by its trends in production reorganisation, R&D policies, portfolio reorientation, and local markets presence strategies.

Effective VAT Rates on Selected Sectors in Tanzania: An Input-Output Approach.

One of the key issues in designing a VAT system is the desirability or otherwise of a uniform rate structure. From an economic efficiency point of view, as well as distributional considerations, non-uniformity is deemed more attractive than uniformity. Administrative feasibility, on the other hand, usually poses a strong case in favour of uniformity. In Tanzania VAT is imposed at a uniform rate of 20 percent on all taxable supplies of goods or services, except exports, which are zero-rated. This study estimates, by the use of an Input-Output approach, the extent of variation in the effective VAT burden falling on different sub-sectors of the Tanzanian economy. Since optimal taxation theory implies the superiority of rate differentiation over rate uniformity it is important to establish empirically the extent of effective non-uniformity in a tax system that is mainly statutorily uniform like the Tanzanian VAT. In the final analysis, indeed, what actually matters to economic entities is not the rate of tax specified in the legislation (i.e. statutory rate), but rather the burden borne by the entities in different sectors or sub-sectors of the economy. African Journal of Finance and Management Vol.7(2) 1999: 144-153

Recursos y capacidades que inciden en el desempeño de los subsectores económicos colombianos 2003-2004: un acercamiento desde la teoría basada en recursos

Este artículo logra establecer como los recursos y capacidades, desarrollados por un conjunto de empresasagrupadas por subsectores económicos, le otorgan eficiencia operativa o diferenciación a un subsector frentea otro. En el estudio se utilizó un análisis factorial para determinar las variables independientes y luego, unaRegresión Lineal Ponderada, para explicar el desempeño de los subsectores. Entre los principales hallazgos,se encuentra que el recurso humano, en términos de inversión en educación y capacitación y el desarrollo derecursos y capacidades tales como el capital humano destinado al manejo ambiental, tienen una incidenciapositiva sobre la productividad laboral y por ende en la competitividad de los subsectores colombianos. Sinembargo, en el caso de la innovación, la inversión en I+D, la protección y divulgación de los procesos deinnovación, reporta impactos negativos sobre la productividad, debido a la existencia predominante deinnovaciones de tipo incremental. En conclusión, el aporte de este trabajo gira en torno a como los recursos ycapacidades existentes en un subsector, pueden influir en las decisiones que tomen las empresas para mejorar sudesempeño e impulsar a su vez la productividad de su subsector.