Economy Of Rural Areas Research Articles

The role of agritourism in the development of low-carbon development model in rural areas

Agritourism is an important kind of economic activity in rural areas in Poland. The degree of development of agritourist services market in Poland makes it worthwhile to pay special attention to the role and importance of agritourism in shaping a low carbon economy in rural areas. In this work, which is a theoretical and pragmatic study, potential areas of resource-efficient and low-carbon activities in the field of tourism were outlined. According to the author, agritourist farms may be a significant element in the prosumer energy model in rural areas and serve as a model of conduct for the rural population. The owners of agritourism farms, who are often informal leaders of rural communities, are able to take environmental challenges and adapt to new circumstances. This can create an incentive and cause imitation effect among other residents of rural areas.

Geographical reflections of mine pollution in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia

Numerous landmine fields cause an immense problem for the development of economy in rural areas of the Republic of Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina. Even twenty years after the Homeland War in Croatia, i.e. the same period after signing the Dayton Accord and war cessation in Bosnia and Herzegovina, huge areas are still contaminated with landmines. In Croatia are approximately 1.69 % of contaminated territory agricultural areas in the east part of country, forests and forestry land, i.e. pastures in highlands and the Mediterranean areas are most endangered. Bosnia and Herzegovina is one of the most landmine contaminated countries in the world. Severe landmine contamination in Bosnia and Herzegovina has been detected on pasture and forestry land, in the vicinity of the former war zone, in the central part of the country. Out of the total number of 1,366 landmine contaminated settlements in the Bosnia and Herzegovina territory, some 1,169 are rural communities.

The Total Control of Water Supply and Water Consumption in Tianjin City Based on WAS Model

Water resources planning and management should constitute an integral part of the socio-economic development planning process. Models have become the core part of water resources management. In this paper, the Water Simulation and Allocation Model (WAS) was developed and applied in Tianjin City, China. The aim of the research is to provide the water control value based on pragmatic modeling approach to water planning and management in order to promote water allocation, recover ecosystem recovery. In 2030, in accordance with WAS model calculated, the ET goal control is the 643mm; the volume of sea water into the goal for 1.649 billion m3. Exploitation of deep underground water is about 3.06 billion m3. Domestic economy in rural areas are being met and the water control of domestic economy is about 37.87 billion m3; water for the Ecology is 9.51 billion m3.

Analysis of the Development of Modern Agritourism Types in West Kazakhstan Oblast

West Kazakhstan Oblast has a decent resource potential and prospects of development of agri-tourism. Agritourism will help to solve such problems in the rural areas of West Kazakhstan like employment, increase income and cultural level of people, markets and infrastructure development of the area. Shaping the opportunities for development and territorial organization of the species agritourism belong to the plant-growing and livestock. In this connection, the authors of this article assesses the opportunities for development and territorial organization of kinds of modern agritourism in the area of plant-growing and livestock production in the context of the administrative districts of West Kazakhstan Oblast. In addition, the identified levels of opportunity for development and territorial organization of agritourism in the West Kazakhstan and levels of capability based on local resource base. Also, the concept of agritourism and its relationship with agriculture, the role of the economy in rural areas in territorial aspect are considered.

Rozwój zielonej gospodarki w sektorze rolnictwa w krajach Unii Europejskiej i w Polsce w kontekście koncepcji zrównoważonego rozwoju

W artykule przedstawiono problematykę związaną z zieloną gospodarką w sektorze rolnictwa. W celu jej omówienia przeprowadzono analizę literatury przedmiotu oraz przytoczono wybrane dane statystyczne opisujące zachodzący proces ekologizacji rolnictwa. Zakres czasowy analiz obejmował lata 2010-2015. Źródłem danych były GUS oraz Eurostat. Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, iż w badanym okresie niemalże we wszystkich krajach UE wzrosła powierzchnia ekologicznych użytków rolnych (wyjątkiem była Wielka Brytania). Dodatkowo w artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań pilotażowych przeprowadzonych w województwie łódzkim, których celem było zdiagnozowanie kluczowych barier w rozwoju zielonej gospodarki na obszarach wiejskich. Z badań tych wynika, iż istotną kwestią utrudniającą budowanie zielonej gospodarki na obszarach wiejskich stanowi niedostateczny poziom wiedzy rolników w tym zakresie.

Study on “Rural Tourism” and “Targeted Poverty Alleviation” Integration and Development—Based on Xinzhou District of Wuhan City

The problem of poverty has always been a strategic issue in the process of building a well-off society in an all-round way. Poverty is concentrated in rural areas. Rural tourism is conducive to the promotion of local economic development, the redistribution of national income, adjust the local industrial structure, and improve the living standards of farmers, to achieve targeted poverty alleviation. Therefore, Xinzhou district of Wuhan City “rural poor” and “targeted poverty alleviation” combines research, to promote tourism in the poor areas better and faster development as well as precise project activity on poverty reduction, fostering new increasing point of economy in rural areas.

Ferðaþjónusta og virkjanir til bjargar byggðum?

Tækifæri á sviði ferðaþjónustu og nýtingar orkuauðlinda eru oft nefnd sem leiðir til þess að takast á við breytta atvinnuhætti, sporna við fólksfækkun í dreifbýli og skapa verðmæti. Báðar greinarnar nýta náttúruna sem auðlind en geta þær farið saman eða eru fyrirsjáanlegir hagsmunaárekstrar milli þeirra? Til þess að komast að því hvort ferðaþjónustuaðilar telji fyrirhugaðar virkjunarhugmyndir rýra möguleika ferðaþjónustunnar til að efla byggð í landinu voru tekin hálfstöðluð viðtöl við 65 ferðaþjónustuaðila á sex svæðum á landinu. Að mati viðmælenda er ferðaþjónustan sú atvinnugrein sem býður upp á mesta möguleika til framtíðar til að efla atvinnulíf í dreifbýli og höfðu þeir flestir séð þess glögg merki undanfarin ár. Margir viðmælenda töldu orkuvinnslu og ferðaþjónustu fara illa saman vegna neikvæðra áhrifa orkuvinnslu á náttúruna, grundvallarauðlind ferðaþjónustunnar. Óvissa um hvar verður virkjað í framtíðinni þótti jafnframt hafa tafið fyrir fjárfestingu og markaðssetningu í ferðaþjónustu á ákveðnum svæðum. Nokkrir viðmælenda nefndu dæmi um farsæla sambúð orkuframleiðslu og ferðaþjónustu og kom fram að góð samvinna milli greinanna gæti dregið úr hagsmunaárekstrum á milli þeirra. Þeir töldu að tekjur af báðum atvinnugreinunum mættu skila sér betur til svæðanna þar sem þær verða til.

Investigating the Role of Entrepreneurship in Sustainable Rural Development with Emphasis on Handicraft (Case Study: Villages of Central District in Anar County)

Investigating the Role of Entrepreneurship in Sustainable Rural Development with Emphasis on Handicraft (Case Study: Villages of Central District in Anar County)

Кадровое обеспечение сферы сельского (аграрного) туризма как инновационное направление образовательной деятельности Волгоградского ГАУ

The article deals with human resources in the field of agricultural (rural) tourism of the Russian Federation as a whole and in Volgograd region in particular, as one of the most important development factors of this direction of import substitution in the economy of rural areas and the national tourism and hospitality industry. The most pressing problems of personnel potential training process of the Russian agritourism business is identified , namely, its lack of practical orientation, shortage of qualified teachers and practitioners, deficit of regional enterprises that are engaged exclusively in agritourism business and the need therefore for highly qualified personnel. Based on the analysis of the situation in the market of tourist services, the authors reveal the need for an objective study of foreign experience in the rural tourism development, as well as the use of positive results in the process of qualified personnel training in the Russian regions. The article highlights the key role of standards and requirements of the Federal Law "On Education in the Russian Federation" in the formation of educational programs of higher and second- ary vocational education. It creates together with the GOST R 56641 "Service small funds placement. Rural guest houses. General requirements " adopted in 2015, the conditions for the development of professional standards and qualification requirements for personnel of agritourism objects. The authors prove the necessity of staffing in rural tourism is in agricultural universities, both in programs of higher and additional vocational training. The article presents results of consistent work of Volgograd State Agricultural University to creation of the conditions for the start-up of agricultural (rural) tourism in the region related to the conduction of educational, scientific and practical events. The authors define forward-looking plan for the development of innovative directions in the educational activities of the university, oriented to training of qualified personnel for agritourism.

ІНФРАСТРУКТУРНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ КОНВЕРГЕНЦІЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ СІЛЬСЬКИХ ТЕРИТОРІЙ В УКРАЇНСЬКО–ПОЛЬСЬКОМУ ТРАНСКОРДОННОМУ РЕГІОНІ

Розглядаються основні проблеми економічного розвитку прикордонних сільських територій України в умовах активізації транскордонного співробітництва з Польщею. Доводиться, що конвергенція економіки сільських територій в українсько–польському транскордонному регіоні виступає важливим чинником поглиблення інтеграції між обома державами та індикатором успішності євроінтеграційного поступу України. Вона забезпечує інтенсифікацію руху товарів і фінансових ресурсів між сусідніми прикордонними територіями обох держав. Крім того, завдяки конвергенції відбувається зближення стандартів ведення аграрного бізнесу, що створює сприятливі передумови для реалізації спільних транскордонних інвестиційних проектів у межах сільських територій українсько–польського прикордоння.
 Особливу увагу акцентовано на необхідності удосконалення інфраструктурного забезпечення сільських територій в українсько–польському транскордонному регіоні. Обґрунтовано, що модернізація інфраструктури чинить суттєвий позитивний вплив на ефективність використання потенціалу сільських територій України в умовах транскордонного співробітництва із Польщею. Акцентовано увагу на актуальності інноваційного розвитку прикордонної, транспортно–логістичної, інформаційної та маркетингової інфраструктури, передусім з огляду на економічні виклики, породжені сучасним етапом європейської інтеграції. Доведено, що особливо важливого значення з погляду поширення конвергенції в українсько–польському транскордонному регіоні сьогодні набуває розвиток інституційної інфраструктури, яка забезпечує укорінення нових форм економічної інтеграції між суб’єктами аграрного ринку.
 Запропоновано заходи, орієнтовані на першочерговий розвиток інфраструктури сільських територій в українсько–польському транскордонному регіоні. Зокрема, з метою стимулювання конвергентних процесів між прикордонними сільськими територіями України та Польщі пропонується здійснити низку заходів, пов’язаних з модернізацією транспортних комунікацій, включаючи розбудову транспортно–логістичних центрів, покращити рівень інформаційного забезпечення сільських територій у прикордонних регіонах України, передусім на основі покращення доступу до Інтернету та мобільного зв’язку, а також стимулювати процеси сільськогосподарської кооперації та налагодження сучасних форм транскордонних економічних взаємодій між господарюючими суб’єктами аграрної економіки, локалізованими по різні боки кордону.

Проблемы устойчивого развития сельских территорий (на примере Республики Мордовии)

Автор исследует демографические процессы в Республике Мордовии; анализирует проблемы, влияющие на ухудшение социально-экономической ситуации на селе; уточняет понятие, цель и направления устойчивого развития сельских территорий. Главная цель устойчивого развития сельских территорий — создание условий для достижения высокого качества жизни населения на основе формирования саморазвивающихся территориальных социально-экономических систем, обеспечивающих воспроизводство природных ресурсов для сельского хозяйства, промыслов, ремесел, туризма и других сфер деятельности. Создание саморазвивающихся территориальных хозяйственных систем возможно на основе диверсификации сельскохозяйственного производства; повышения экономической активности сельского населения; развития производств, ремёсел и промыслов; создания малых предприятий по переработке сельскохозяйственного сырья; развития производственной инфраструктуры; производственной, сбытовой, финансовой кооперации хозяйств; укрепления производственных и сбытовых связей (в том числе сертификация продукции) и т.д. Автором выявлены факторы, определяющие условия и потенциальные возможности развития сельских территорий, а также предложены направления для решения проблем их устойчивого развития. Учитывая то, что экономика села базируется на семейных формах хозяйствования, подчеркивается, что для устойчивого развития сельских территорий необходимы эффективно развивающиеся крестьянские (фермерские) и личные подсобные хозяйства (ЛПХ) населения, рассказывается о мерах поддержки крестьянских (фермерских) хозяйств в Мордовии. Деятельность ЛПХ также требует поддержки со стороны федерального и местных бюджетов; для улучшения состояния и развития ЛПХ в республике необходимо принять целевую программу развития, направленную на повышение ресурсного потенциала ЛПХ, финансирование их по целевым позициям. Выявлены факторы, влияющие на повышение эффективности хозяйств населения, предложены меры для развития сельскохозяйственного производства в ЛПХ.

HUBUNGAN ANTARA FAKTOR INTERNAL KELUARGA BURUH MIGRAN DENGAN PERTAMBAHAN ASSET RUMAH TANGGA

<p>The purpose of this study were to find out: push and pull factors of migrant workers working abroad, and the relationship between internal factors with increasing household assets. This research was conducted in the District Tuntang and Pabelan. Type of research is explanatory research, using two approaches namely quantitative and qualitative analysis approach. Sampling method using Step Cluster Sampling. The main data analyzed in this study were obtained from a study entitled “Indonesian Workers (TKI) Role and Influence People’s Economy In Rural Areas In Central Java Province (Seeking Pattern Development Investments) Year-2". For completeness of the data conducted depth interviews with 12 randomly selected respondents in the said two villages. The analysis tools are Spearman rank correlation test with two-way T test with 95 percent confidence level.</p><p>The results showed that:</p><ol><li>Push factors of migrant workers working abroad include the economic problems facing families, lack of jobs, low wages, and low levels of education.</li><li>Pull factors working abroad include: salaries abroad are higher than in the country, opening the opportunity for an English course, the environment and the means of life more enjoyable, heart virtue employer in the country where they’ve worked before.</li><li>There were a relationship between age, education, and number of family members with increasing household assets.</li></ol>

Возможности рaзвития и территориaльной оргaнизaции видов современного aгротуризмa в Зaпaдно- Кaзaхстaнской облaсти

West Kazakhstan oblast has a decent resource potential and prospectsof development of this kind of tourism. Agritourism will help solve suchproblems in the rural areas of West Kazakhstanoblast, the increase in employment,increase income and cultural level of the people, markets andinfrastructure development of the area. Of great importance in shapingthe opportunities for development and territorial organization of the speciesagritourism belong to the plant-growing and livestock. In this connection,the authors of this article assesses the opportunities for developmentand territorial organization of kinds of modern agritourism in the area ofplant-growing and livestock production in the context of the administrativedistricts of West Kazakhstan oblast. In addition, the identified levelsof opportunity for development and territorial organization of agritourismin the West Kazakhstan and levels of capability based on local resourcebase. Are also considered the concept of agritourism and its relationshipwith agriculture, the role of the economy in rural areas in territorial aspect.

Contribution of Home Garden to Household Economy in Rural Areas of Bangladesh

Contribution of Home Garden to Household Economy in Rural Areas of Bangladesh

Sustainable development and modernization of the economy of rural areas in Russia

The article deals with the issues of sustainable development of rural areas in Russia and directions for the modernization of the rural economy. The changes in the functions of rural areas in terms of the demographic crisis and economic restructuring are shown in the paper. The article contains an analysis of the potential development of the rural areas. The possible directions of the state policy in the field of rural entrepreneurship are presented in the article.

Parasitic helminth infections in native sheep (Mehraban) in Hamedan, Iran

Sheep play an important role in national economy and social economy in rural areas in Iran. The main goal of this study was to investigate the fauna and frequency of parasitic helminth infections prevalent in native sheep in Hamedan, western Iran. From April 2010 to March 2011, the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts of 100-sheep were examined using conventional parasitological methods. The overall infection rate was found as 69%. No infection was found in esophagus and rumens. Parabronema skerjabini (22%) and Ostertagia circumcincta (1%) were recorded as the maximum and minimum cases for the presence of nematode, respectively. On the other hand, the most dominant of trematode and cestode were Fasciola hepatica (13%) and Monezia expansa (13%), respectively. The highest infection rate was reported in summer (84%). The prevalence of helminth infection was varied among gender, seasons and age groups. In conclusion, this is the first report of parasitic helminth infections in sheep in Hamedan province in western Iran. Our results provide baseline information for the future studies.

Subsistence Economy and Food Security – The Case of Rural Households from Romania

Romania is the country with the largest number of subsistence farms in the European Union. Practically, out of the 3.7 million farms from Romania, 3.3 million can be considered subsistence farms, having in view the extremely low value of the obtained productions. Although these small farms have a less important role on the markets, they are important in the rural world, as they provide food and social security for the population, contributing to environment preservation through the use of traditional production methods. The paper attempts to investigate the small farm role in the economy of rural areas and in the welfare of peasant households. The data source used were the Agricultural Census, for the analysis of small farm production structure and the Household Budget Survey in order to reveal the importance of own resources in the food consumption and incomes of rural households. The main conclusions of the paper refer to the strong production diversification on the small farms compared to the large farms, which are much more specialized. The analysis of food consumption behavior of the rural households reveals high shares of self-consumption in most products, a lower food diversification compared to urban households and a lower cost of calories in the rural households diet.

Landscape diversity enhances the resilience of populations, ecosystems and local economy in rural areas

In today’s world, rapid environmental and economic developments and changes pose major threats to ecosystems and economic systems. In this context we explore if resilience can be increased by the spatial configuration of the rural landscape in an integrated ecological-genetic-economic way. We study the concept of landscape diversity from genetic, ecological and economic perspectives. We show that small-scale landscapes are potentially more resilient than large-scale landscapes, provided that ecosystem patch sizes are sufficiently large to support genetic diversity and ecosystem and economic functions. The basic premise underlying this finding is that more variation in a landscape generally leads to greater genetic and species diversity. This, in turn, stabilizes populations and strengthens the different ecosystem elements in the landscape. Greater variation in ecosystem elements provides for more varied ecosystem services, which may enhance the resilience of the local economy. We conclude that a resilient landscape is shaped within the context of economic and ecological possibilities and constraints, and is determined by landscape diversity and spatial organisation.

An Analysis of Income Components of Rural Households in Xinjiang, China

Using data from 1982 to 2009, this paper examines how components of rural household income contribute to the major income gap between 30 poverty-stricken counties in Xinjiang province and the national average in China. Income from family businesses accounts for 80% in Xinjiang, while income proportions from wages and salaries, property and transfers are very low. The analysis shows that farmers' income depends on the family business for regular income and that the regional economy in rural areas is still dependent on direct consumption by producers. Living standards are declining because of extra expenditure on education for children, modern medical services and inflation. Income growth from wages and salaries is the major driving force for poverty reduction in Xinjiang. Fundamental ways to address poverty are to establish training programmes for farmers, improve employment opportunities, hasten construction of towns and small cities, promote the transfer of rural surplus labour, and escalate the proportion of income from wages and salaries, property and transfer.

Does Agriculture Generate Local Economic Spillovers? Short-Run and Long-Run Evidence from the Ogallala Aquifer

Agriculture may support the local nonagricultural economy in rural areas, though agricultural expansion may also crowd-out nonagricultural activity. On the United States Plains, areas over the Ogallala aquifer experienced windfall agricultural gains when post-WWII technologies increased farmers' access to groundwater. Comparing counties over the Ogallala with similar counties, nonagricultural sectors experienced only short-run relative benefits. Despite substantial and persistent agricultural gains, there was no long-run relative expansion of nonagricultural sectors in Ogallala counties. Agricultural development may still encourage regional or national nonagricultural development, but agriculture does not appear to generate local economic spillovers that differentially encourage local nonagricultural activity. (JEL Q12, Q15, Q18, Q25, R11)